Prisoners of their histories: Canada-U.S. conflicts in the pacific salmon fishery

American Review of Canadian Studies

Volumn 27, Issue 2, 1997, Pages 253-269

  Rogers, Raymond A ^a   Stewart, Catherine ^a  

^a NONE

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

EID: 33747520400     PISSN: 02722011     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1080/02722019709481499     Document Type: Article

References (31)

1. Lester Brown, State of the World 1996 (New York: Norton, 1996), 5.
2. Carl Walters, Fish on the Line: The Future of Pacific Fisheries (Vancouver: The David Suzuki Foundation, 1995), 4-5.
3. Arthur McEvoy, Toward an Interactive Theory of Nature and Culture: Ecology, Production, and Cognition in the California Fishing Industry, Environmental Review 11 (1987): 295.
4. Mattias Finger, Politics of the UNCED Process, in Wolfgang Sachs, ed., Globed Ecology (London: Zed Books, 1993), 36.
5. Brown, 1.
6. Frank Murkowski, Pacific Salmon Treaty Hearing before the Committee on Foreign Relations, United States Senate, February 22 (Washington: U.S. Government Printing Office, 1985), 2.
7. United Nations, Convention on the Law of the Sea (Article 66,1982).
8. Pacific Salmon Treaty of 1985, Treaty Series 1985, No. 7 (Ottawa: Queen's Printer for Cananda, 1988), 8.
9. Government of Canada, The Pacific Salmon Treaty: An Overview, May 1996.
10. Pacific Salmon Treaty of 1985, 52.
11. Peter ONeil, B.C. Urges Flexible Fleet-Cutback Plan, Vancouver Sun (17 April 1996): B1.
12. Government of Canada, The Pacific Salmon Treaty: Conservation and Sharing, May 1996.
13. Thomas Kronmiller, Pacific Salmon Treaty Hearing before U.S. Senate, 22 February (Washington: U.S. Government Printing Office, 1985), 23.
14. Garrett Hardin, The Tragedy of the Commons, in G. Hardin and J. Baden, eds., Managing the Commons (San Francisco: Freeman and Sons, 1977).
15. See, for example, a special issue on overfishing in The EcoJogist (April/June 1995) and Bonnie McCay and James Acheson, eds., The Question of the Commons (Tucson: University of Arizona Press, 1987).
16. Paul Koberstein, Wild Coho Running out of Time, Coscadia Times (July 1996).
17. Richard Krehbiel, Kemano 2 - Some Project Impacts, in The Watershed, Dana Wagg and John Hummel, eds. (Carrier-Sekani Council, June 1994), 87. The introduction to the report states: A 1993 Federal Fisheries study shows significantly higher mortality of Upper Nechako River chinook stocks over the past 15 years. Fully 80% of the expected October 1993 run failed to return to the Nechako. Only 609 of an expected 3,100 chinook spawners arrived at the spawning grounds, 6.
18. Sierra Legal Defence Fund, Clear Cut Code Report (Vancouver: Sierra Legal Defence Fund Publications, 1996). The report found that although clearcuts were banned on slopes with a high liklihood of landslides, a substantial portion of clearcutting is being approved on high-risk Class 5 slopes. Even though there are supposed to be Riparian Management Zones for buffer strips along streams, the report found that an overwhelming majority of small forest streams are being authorized for clearcutting right to the banks. The code allows for fines of up to one million dollars for infractions. Charges have yet to be laid against anyone.
19. Department of Fisheries and Oceans, Lost Stream of the Lower Fraser River (Ottawa: Minister of Supply and Services, 1995).
20. A study entitled Water Diversions and Storage at Ten Sites by Dr. Peter Ward sponsored jointly by the Sierra Legal Defence Fund and the Steelhead Society of B.C. found that the majority of water licences reviewed in the report contained no conditions to protect fish and wildlife from the adverse effects of water diversion and power production (Vancouver: Sierra Legal Defence Fund and Steelhead Society of British Columbia).
21. T.L. Slaney, K.D. Hyatt, T.G. Northcote, and R.J. Fielden, Southeastern Alaska and BC Salmonid Stocks at Risk. American Fisheries Society, November 1996.
22. Quoted in Larry Pynn, Canadian Jump-start Only Hope for Fish Pact, Alaskan Says, Vancouver Sun (17 April 1996): Bl.
23. Quoted in Mike Crawley, Canada to Fight Alaskan Refusal to Minimize Chinook Harvest, Vancouver Sun (27 June 1996): A6.
24. Canada to Fight Alaskan Refusal to Minimize Chinook Harvest. Ibid.
25. Canada to Fight Alaskan Refusal to Minimize Chinook Harvest. Ibid.
26. Quoted in Jim Morris, B.C. Fishermen Get Slap in Face, Winnipeg Free Press (27 June 1996): A4.
27. Glen Clark claimed that the U.S. fishermen aren't respecting our sovereignty. Quoted in Jeff Lee and Peter O'Neil, Ottawa Steps In to Caution Clark on U.S. Fish Fight, Vancouver Sun (20 April 1996): Al.
28. Joseph Cone, A Common Fate: Endangered Salmon and The People of the Pacific Northwest (New York: Henry Holt, 1995), 295.
29. Mike Crawley, U.S. Threatens to Fish Fraser River Sockeye Run, Vancouver Sun (17 July 1996): A4.
30. Vandana Shiva, Monocultures oftheMind (London: Zed Books, 1993), 44-
31. Cone, 295.