메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn 27, Issue 7, 2006, Pages 1546-1554

Proton MR spectroscopy in neonates with perinatal cerebral hypoxic-ischemic injury: Metabolite peak-area ratios, relaxation times, and absolute concentrations

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

CHOLINE; CREATINE; CREATINE PHOSPHATE; LACTIC ACID; N ACETYLASPARTIC ACID;

EID: 33747452061     PISSN: 01956108     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: None     Document Type: Article
Times cited : (126)

References (71)
  • 1
    • 0037333201 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Origin and timing of brain lesions in term infants with neonatal encephalopathy
    • Cowan F, Rutherford M, Groenendaal F, et al. Origin and timing of brain lesions in term infants with neonatal encephalopathy. Lancet 2003;361:736-42
    • (2003) Lancet , vol.361 , pp. 736-742
    • Cowan, F.1    Rutherford, M.2    Groenendaal, F.3
  • 2
    • 0029146082 scopus 로고
    • Birth asphyxia: Incidence, clinical course and outcome in a Swedish population
    • Thornberg E, Thringer K, Odeback A, et al. Birth asphyxia: incidence, clinical course and outcome in a Swedish population. Acta Paediatr 1995;84:927-32
    • (1995) Acta Paediatr , vol.84 , pp. 927-932
    • Thornberg, E.1    Thringer, K.2    Odeback, A.3
  • 3
    • 0032488370 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Antepartum risk factors for newborn encephalopathy: The Western Australian case-control study
    • Badawi N, Kurinczuk JJ, Keogh JM, et al. Antepartum risk factors for newborn encephalopathy: the Western Australian case-control study. BMJ 1998;317:1549-53
    • (1998) BMJ , vol.317 , pp. 1549-1553
    • Badawi, N.1    Kurinczuk, J.J.2    Keogh, J.M.3
  • 4
    • 0024521338 scopus 로고
    • Prognosis of newborn infants with hypoxic-ischemic brain injury assessed by phosphorus magnetic resonance spectroscopy
    • Azzopardi D, Wyatt JS, Cady EB, et al. Prognosis of newborn infants with hypoxic-ischemic brain injury assessed by phosphorus magnetic resonance spectroscopy. Pediatr Res 1989;25:445-51
    • (1989) Pediatr Res , vol.25 , pp. 445-451
    • Azzopardi, D.1    Wyatt, J.S.2    Cady, E.B.3
  • 5
    • 0028158893 scopus 로고
    • Cerebral lactate and N-acetyl-aspartate/choline ratios in asphyxiated full-term neonates demonstrated in vivo using proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy
    • Groenendaal F, Veenhoven RH, van der Grond J, et al. Cerebral lactate and N-acetyl-aspartate/choline ratios in asphyxiated full-term neonates demonstrated in vivo using proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy. Pediatr Res 1994;35:148-51
    • (1994) Pediatr Res , vol.35 , pp. 148-151
    • Groenendaal, F.1    Veenhoven, R.H.2    Van Der Grond, J.3
  • 6
    • 9244249780 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Cerebral metabolism within 18 hours of birth asphyxia: A proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy study
    • Hanrahan JD, Sargentoni J, Azzopardi D, et al. Cerebral metabolism within 18 hours of birth asphyxia: a proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy study. Pediatr Res 1996;39:584-90
    • (1996) Pediatr Res , vol.39 , pp. 584-590
    • Hanrahan, J.D.1    Sargentoni, J.2    Azzopardi, D.3
  • 7
    • 0029907291 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Diagnostic and prognostic value of cerebral 31P magnetic resonance spectroscopy in neonates with perinatal asphyxia
    • Martin E, Buchli R, Ritter S, et al. Diagnostic and prognostic value of cerebral 31P magnetic resonance spectroscopy in neonates with perinatal asphyxia. Pediatr Res 1996;40:749-58
    • (1996) Pediatr Res , vol.40 , pp. 749-758
    • Martin, E.1    Buchli, R.2    Ritter, S.3
  • 8
    • 0029948905 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy of the brain in normal preterm and term infants, and early changes after perinatal hypoxia-ischemia
    • Penrice J, Cady EB, Lorek A, et al. Proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy of the brain in normal preterm and term infants, and early changes after perinatal hypoxia-ischemia. Pediatr Res 1996;40:6-14
    • (1996) Pediatr Res , vol.40 , pp. 6-14
    • Penrice, J.1    Cady, E.B.2    Lorek, A.3
  • 9
    • 84929584485 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Early brain proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy and neonatal neurology related to neurodevelopmental outcome at 1 year in term infants following presumed hypoxic-ischaemic brain injury
    • Amess PN, Penrice J, Wylezinska M, et al. Early brain proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy and neonatal neurology related to neurodevelopmental outcome at 1 year in term infants following presumed hypoxic-ischaemic brain injury. Dev Med Child Neurol 1999;41:436-45
    • (1999) Dev Med Child Neurol , vol.41 , pp. 436-445
    • Amess, P.N.1    Penrice, J.2    Wylezinska, M.3
  • 10
    • 0032881455 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Proton MR spectroscopy for the evaluation of brain injury in asphyxiated term neonates
    • Barkovich AJ, Baranski K, Vigneron D, et al. Proton MR spectroscopy for the evaluation of brain injury in asphyxiated term neonates. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol 1999;20:1399-405
    • (1999) AJNR Am J Neuroradiol , vol.20 , pp. 1399-1405
    • Barkovich, A.J.1    Baranski, K.2    Vigneron, D.3
  • 11
    • 0032971704 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Relation between proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy within 18 hours of birth asphyxia and neurodevelopment at 1 year of age
    • Hanrahan JD, Cox IJ, Azzopardi D, et al. Relation between proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy within 18 hours of birth asphyxia and neurodevelopment at 1 year of age. Dev Med Child Neurol 1999;41:76-82
    • (1999) Dev Med Child Neurol , vol.41 , pp. 76-82
    • Hanrahan, J.D.1    Cox, I.J.2    Azzopardi, D.3
  • 12
    • 0032797461 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Cerebral intracellular lactic alkalosis persisting months after NE measured by magnetic resonance spectroscopy
    • Robertson NJ, Cox IJ, Cowan FM, et al. Cerebral intracellular lactic alkalosis persisting months after NE measured by magnetic resonance spectroscopy. Pediatr Res 1999;46:287-96
    • (1999) Pediatr Res , vol.46 , pp. 287-296
    • Robertson, N.J.1    Cox, I.J.2    Cowan, F.M.3
  • 13
    • 0033769962 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Characterization of cerebral white matter damage in preterm infants using 1H and 31P MRS
    • Robertson NJ, Kuint J, Counsell SJ, et al. Characterization of cerebral white matter damage in preterm infants using 1H and 31P MRS. J Cereb Blood Flow Metab 2000;20:1446-56
    • (2000) J Cereb Blood Flow Metab , vol.20 , pp. 1446-1456
    • Robertson, N.J.1    Kuint, J.2    Counsell, S.J.3
  • 14
    • 0036895240 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Brain alkaline intracellular pH after neonatal encephalopathy
    • Robertson NJ, Cowan FM, Cox IJ, et al. Brain alkaline intracellular pH after neonatal encephalopathy. Ann Neurol 2002;52:732-42
    • (2002) Ann Neurol , vol.52 , pp. 732-742
    • Robertson, N.J.1    Cowan, F.M.2    Cox, I.J.3
  • 15
    • 0028079731 scopus 로고
    • Delayed ("secondary") cerebral energy failure after acute hypoxia-ischemia in the newborn piglet: Continuous 48-hour studies by phosphorus magnetic resonance spectroscopy
    • Lorek A, Takei Y, Cady EB, et al. Delayed ("secondary") cerebral energy failure after acute hypoxia-ischemia in the newborn piglet: continuous 48-hour studies by phosphorus magnetic resonance spectroscopy. Pediatr Res 1994;36:699-706
    • (1994) Pediatr Res , vol.36 , pp. 699-706
    • Lorek, A.1    Takei, Y.2    Cady, E.B.3
  • 16
    • 0031823420 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Relation of impaired energy metabolism to apoptosis and necrosis following transient cerebral hypoxia-ischaemia
    • Mehmet H, Yue X, Penrice J, et al. Relation of impaired energy metabolism to apoptosis and necrosis following transient cerebral hypoxia-ischaemia. Cell Death Differ 1998;5:321-29
    • (1998) Cell Death Differ , vol.5 , pp. 321-329
    • Mehmet, H.1    Yue, X.2    Penrice, J.3
  • 17
    • 0028910724 scopus 로고
    • Mild hypothermia after severe transient hypoxia-ischemia ameliorates delayed cerebral energy failure in the newborn piglet
    • Thoresen M, Penrice J, Lorek A, et al. Mild hypothermia after severe transient hypoxia-ischemia ameliorates delayed cerebral energy failure in the newborn piglet. Pediatr Res 1995;37:667-70
    • (1995) Pediatr Res , vol.37 , pp. 667-670
    • Thoresen, M.1    Penrice, J.2    Lorek, A.3
  • 18
    • 0032464422 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effect of temperature on the kinetics of lactate production and clearance in a rat model of forebrain ischemia
    • Lei H, Peeling J. Effect of temperature on the kinetics of lactate production and clearance in a rat model of forebrain ischemia. Biochem Cell Biol 1998;76:503-09
    • (1998) Biochem Cell Biol , vol.76 , pp. 503-509
    • Lei, H.1    Peeling, J.2
  • 19
    • 0030955459 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy of the brain during acute hypoxia-ischemia and delayed cerebral energy failure in the newborn piglet
    • Penrice J, Lorek A, Cady EB, et al. Proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy of the brain during acute hypoxia-ischemia and delayed cerebral energy failure in the newborn piglet. Pediatr Res 1997;41:795-802
    • (1997) Pediatr Res , vol.41 , pp. 795-802
    • Penrice, J.1    Lorek, A.2    Cady, E.B.3
  • 20
    • 0026005502 scopus 로고
    • Localized proton NMR observation of [3-13C] lactate in stroke after [1-13C] glucose infusion
    • Rothman DL, Howseman AM, Graham GD, et al. Localized proton NMR observation of [3-13C] lactate in stroke after [1-13C] glucose infusion. Magn Reson Med 1991;21:302-07
    • (1991) Magn Reson Med , vol.21 , pp. 302-307
    • Rothman, D.L.1    Howseman, A.M.2    Graham, G.D.3
  • 21
    • 0036891976 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Prediction of adverse outcome with cerebral lactate level and apparent diffusion coefficient in infants with perinatal asphyxia
    • Zarifi MK, Astrakas MG, Poussaint TY, et al. Prediction of adverse outcome with cerebral lactate level and apparent diffusion coefficient in infants with perinatal asphyxia. Radiology. 2002;225:859-70
    • (2002) Radiology , vol.225 , pp. 859-870
    • Zarifi, M.K.1    Astrakas, M.G.2    Poussaint, T.Y.3
  • 22
    • 0037299829 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Hypoxia-ischemic encephalopathy in full-term neonate: Correlation proton MR spectroscopy with MR imaging
    • Fan G, Wu Z, Chen L, et al. Hypoxia-ischemic encephalopathy in full-term neonate: correlation proton MR spectroscopy with MR imaging. Eur J Radiol 2003;45:91-98
    • (2003) Eur J Radiol , vol.45 , pp. 91-98
    • Fan, G.1    Wu, Z.2    Chen, L.3
  • 23
    • 0036086421 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Predictors of 30-month outcome after perinatal depression: Role of proton MRS and socioeconomic factors
    • Miller SP, Newton N, Ferriero DM, et al. Predictors of 30-month outcome after perinatal depression: role of proton MRS and socioeconomic factors. Pediatr Res 2002;52:71-77
    • (2002) Pediatr Res , vol.52 , pp. 71-77
    • Miller, S.P.1    Newton, N.2    Ferriero, D.M.3
  • 24
    • 0034782780 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Proton spectroscopy and diffusion imaging in the first day of life after perinatal asphyxia: Preliminary report
    • Barkovich AJ, Westmark KD, Bedi HS, et al. Proton spectroscopy and diffusion imaging in the first day of life after perinatal asphyxia: preliminary report. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol 2001;22:1786-94
    • (2001) AJNR Am J Neuroradiol , vol.22 , pp. 1786-1794
    • Barkovich, A.J.1    Westmark, K.D.2    Bedi, H.S.3
  • 25
    • 0034764167 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Time course of changes in diffusion-weighted magnetic resonance imaging in a case of neonatal encephalopathy with defined onset and duration of hypoxic-ischemic insult
    • Soul JS, Robertson RL, Tzika AA, et al. Time course of changes in diffusion-weighted magnetic resonance imaging in a case of neonatal encephalopathy with defined onset and duration of hypoxic-ischemic insult. Pediatrics 2001;108:1211-14
    • (2001) Pediatrics , vol.108 , pp. 1211-1214
    • Soul, J.S.1    Robertson, R.L.2    Tzika, A.A.3
  • 26
    • 0031845799 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Persistent increases in cerebral lactate concentration after birth asphyxia
    • Hanrahan JD, Cox IJ, Edwards AD, et al. Persistent increases in cerebral lactate concentration after birth asphyxia. Pediatr Res 1998;44:304-11
    • (1998) Pediatr Res , vol.44 , pp. 304-311
    • Hanrahan, J.D.1    Cox, I.J.2    Edwards, A.D.3
  • 27
    • 0028882815 scopus 로고
    • Proton magnetic resonance spectroscopic imaging in neonatal stroke
    • Groenendaal F, van der Grond J, Witkamp TD, et al. Proton magnetic resonance spectroscopic imaging in neonatal stroke. Neuropediatrics 1995;26:243-48
    • (1995) Neuropediatrics , vol.26 , pp. 243-248
    • Groenendaal, F.1    Van Der Grond, J.2    Witkamp, T.D.3
  • 28
    • 0027973956 scopus 로고
    • Brain-metabolite transverse relaxation times in magnetic resonance spectroscopy increase as adenosine triphosphate depletes during secondary energy failure following acute hypoxia-ischaemia in the newborn piglet
    • Cady EB, Lorek A, Penrice J, et al. Brain-metabolite transverse relaxation times in magnetic resonance spectroscopy increase as adenosine triphosphate depletes during secondary energy failure following acute hypoxia-ischaemia in the newborn piglet. Neurosci Lett 1994;182:201-04
    • (1994) Neurosci Lett , vol.182 , pp. 201-204
    • Cady, E.B.1    Lorek, A.2    Penrice, J.3
  • 29
    • 0029842001 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Metabolite concentrations and relaxation in perinatal cerebral hypoxia-ischaemia injury
    • Cady EB. Metabolite concentrations and relaxation in perinatal cerebral hypoxia-ischaemia injury. Neurochem Res 1996;21:1043-52
    • (1996) Neurochem Res , vol.21 , pp. 1043-1052
    • Cady, E.B.1
  • 31
    • 0028945162 scopus 로고
    • Regional metabolic assessment of human brain during development by proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy in vivo and by high performance liquid chromatography/gas chromatography in autopsy tissue
    • Hüppi P, Fusch C, Boesch C, et al. Regional metabolic assessment of human brain during development by proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy in vivo and by high performance liquid chromatography/gas chromatography in autopsy tissue. Pediatr Res 1995;37:145-50
    • (1995) Pediatr Res , vol.37 , pp. 145-150
    • Hüppi, P.1    Fusch, C.2    Boesch, C.3
  • 32
    • 0026326952 scopus 로고
    • Magnetic resonance in preterm and term newborns: 1H-spectroscopyin developing human brain
    • Hüppi P, Posse S, Lazeyras F, et al. Magnetic resonance in preterm and term newborns: 1H-spectroscopyin developing human brain. Pediatr Res 1991;30:574-78
    • (1991) Pediatr Res , vol.30 , pp. 574-578
    • Hüppi, P.1    Posse, S.2    Lazeyras, F.3
  • 33
    • 43949163052 scopus 로고
    • Absolute quantitation of water and metabolites in the human brain. Part II. Metabolite concentrations
    • Kreis R, Ernst T, Ross B. Absolute quantitation of water and metabolites in the human brain. Part II. Metabolite concentrations. J Magn Reson 1993;102:9-19
    • (1993) J Magn Reson , vol.102 , pp. 9-19
    • Kreis, R.1    Ernst, T.2    Ross, B.3
  • 34
    • 0032825441 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Regional age dependence of human brain metabolites from infancy to adulthood as detected by quantitative localized proton MRS
    • Pouwels P, Brockman K, Kruse B, et al. Regional age dependence of human brain metabolites from infancy to adulthood as detected by quantitative localized proton MRS. Pediatr Res 1999;46:474-85
    • (1999) Pediatr Res , vol.46 , pp. 474-485
    • Pouwels, P.1    Brockman, K.2    Kruse, B.3
  • 35
    • 0029962556 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Lactate, N-acetylaspartate, choline and creatine concentrations, and spin-spin relaxation in thalamic and occipitoparietal regions of developing human brain
    • Cady EB, Penrice J, Amess PN, et al. Lactate, N-acetylaspartate, choline and creatine concentrations, and spin-spin relaxation in thalamic and occipitoparietal regions of developing human brain. Magn Reson Med 1996;36:878-86
    • (1996) Magn Reson Med , vol.36 , pp. 878-886
    • Cady, E.B.1    Penrice, J.2    Amess, P.N.3
  • 36
    • 0017199855 scopus 로고
    • Neonatal encephalopathy following fetal distress: A clinical and electroencephalographic study
    • Sarnat HB, Sarnat MS. Neonatal encephalopathy following fetal distress: a clinical and electroencephalographic study. Arch Neurol 1976;33:696-705
    • (1976) Arch Neurol , vol.33 , pp. 696-705
    • Sarnat, H.B.1    Sarnat, M.S.2
  • 37
    • 0001963546 scopus 로고
    • Clinical assessment of the infant nervous system
    • Levene MI, Lilford RJ, eds. London, UK: Churchill Livingstone
    • Amiel-Tison C. Clinical assessment of the infant nervous system. In: Levene MI, Lilford RJ, eds. Fetal and Neonatal Neurology and Neurosurgery. 2nd ed. London, UK: Churchill Livingstone; 1995:83-104
    • (1995) Fetal and Neonatal Neurology and Neurosurgery. 2nd Ed. , pp. 83-104
    • Amiel-Tison, C.1
  • 38
    • 0004245140 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Amersham, UK: Association for Research in Infant and Child Development
    • Griffiths R. The Abilities of Babies. Amersham, UK: Association for Research in Infant and Child Development; 1996 (revision)
    • (1996) The Abilities of Babies
    • Griffiths, R.1
  • 39
    • 0028954052 scopus 로고
    • Quantitative combined phosphorus and proton PRESS of the brains of newborn human infants
    • Cady EB. Quantitative combined phosphorus and proton PRESS of the brains of newborn human infants. Magn Reson Med 1995;33:557-63
    • (1995) Magn Reson Med , vol.33 , pp. 557-563
    • Cady, E.B.1
  • 41
    • 0346308381 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Improved method for accurate and efficient quantification of MRS data with use of prior knowledge
    • Vanhamme L, van den Boogart A, van Huffel S. Improved method for accurate and efficient quantification of MRS data with use of prior knowledge. J Magn Reson 1997;129:35-43
    • (1997) J Magn Reson , vol.129 , pp. 35-43
    • Vanhamme, L.1    Van Den Boogart, A.2    Van Huffel, S.3
  • 42
    • 0028394309 scopus 로고
    • Scalar coupling and zero-quantum coherence relaxation in STEAM: Implications for spectral editing of lactate
    • Kingsley PB. Scalar coupling and zero-quantum coherence relaxation in STEAM: implications for spectral editing of lactate. Magn Reson Med 1994;31:315-19
    • (1994) Magn Reson Med , vol.31 , pp. 315-319
    • Kingsley, P.B.1
  • 43
    • 0031933967 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Homonuclear J coupling effects in volume localized NMR spectroscopy: Pitfalls and solutions
    • Yablonsky DA, Neil JJ, Raichle ME, et al. Homonuclear J coupling effects in volume localized NMR spectroscopy: pitfalls and solutions. Magn Reson Med 1998;39:169-78
    • (1998) Magn Reson Med , vol.39 , pp. 169-178
    • Yablonsky, D.A.1    Neil, J.J.2    Raichle, M.E.3
  • 44
    • 0015886330 scopus 로고
    • Quantitative growth and development of human brain
    • Dobbing J, Sands J. Quantitative growth and development of human brain. Arch Dis Child 1973;48:757-67
    • (1973) Arch Dis Child , vol.48 , pp. 757-767
    • Dobbing, J.1    Sands, J.2
  • 45
    • 0029367284 scopus 로고
    • T1 and T2 relaxation times of the major 1H-containing metabolites in rat brain after focal ischemia
    • van der Toorn A, Dijkhuizen RM, Tulleken CA, et al. T1 and T2 relaxation times of the major 1H-containing metabolites in rat brain after focal ischemia. NMR Biomed 1995;8:245-52
    • (1995) NMR Biomed , vol.8 , pp. 245-252
    • Van Der Toorn, A.1    Dijkhuizen, R.M.2    Tulleken, C.A.3
  • 46
    • 0030911649 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Late glial swelling after acute cerebral hypoxia-ischemia in the neonatal rat: A combined magnetic resonance and histochemical study
    • Rumpel H, Nedelcu J, Aguzzi A, et al. Late glial swelling after acute cerebral hypoxia-ischemia in the neonatal rat: a combined magnetic resonance and histochemical study. Pediatr Res 1997;42:54-59
    • (1997) Pediatr Res , vol.42 , pp. 54-59
    • Rumpel, H.1    Nedelcu, J.2    Aguzzi, A.3
  • 47
    • 0000351673 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Hypoxic-ischemic brain injury and oxidative stress
    • Siegel GJ, Agranoff BW, Albers RW, et al, eds. Philadelphia, Pa: Lippincott-Raven Publishers
    • Dugan LL, Choi DW. Hypoxic-ischemic brain injury and oxidative stress. In: Siegel GJ, Agranoff BW, Albers RW, et al, eds. Basic Neurochemistry: Molecular, Cellular and Medical aspects, 6th ed. Philadelphia, Pa: Lippincott-Raven Publishers; 1999;711-30
    • (1999) Basic Neurochemistry: Molecular, Cellular and Medical Aspects, 6th Ed. , pp. 711-730
    • Dugan, L.L.1    Choi, D.W.2
  • 48
    • 0022261909 scopus 로고
    • A high-resolution proton nuclear magnetic resonance approach to the study of hepatocyte and drug metabolism
    • Nicholson JK, Timbrell JA, Bales JR, et al. A high-resolution proton nuclear magnetic resonance approach to the study of hepatocyte and drug metabolism. Mol Pharmacol 1985;27:634-43
    • (1985) Mol Pharmacol , vol.27 , pp. 634-643
    • Nicholson, J.K.1    Timbrell, J.A.2    Bales, J.R.3
  • 51
    • 0017648362 scopus 로고
    • Studies of the inter-relationship between cerebrospinal fluid and plasma amino acid concentrations in normal individuals
    • McGale EHF, Pye IF, Stonier C, et al. Studies of the inter-relationship between cerebrospinal fluid and plasma amino acid concentrations in normal individuals. J Neurochem 1977;29:291-97
    • (1977) J Neurochem , vol.29 , pp. 291-297
    • McGale, E.H.F.1    Pye, I.F.2    Stonier, C.3
  • 52
    • 0030872009 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Early cerebral-metabolite quantification in perinatal hypoxic-ischaemic encephalopathy by proton and phosphorus magnetic resonance spectroscopy
    • Cady EB, Amess P, Penrice J, et al. Early cerebral-metabolite quantification in perinatal hypoxic-ischaemic encephalopathy by proton and phosphorus magnetic resonance spectroscopy. Magn Reson Imaging 1997;15:605-11
    • (1997) Magn Reson Imaging , vol.15 , pp. 605-611
    • Cady, E.B.1    Amess, P.2    Penrice, J.3
  • 53
    • 0020516593 scopus 로고
    • Tissue acid-base balance and oxygen metabolism in human cerebral infarction studied with positron emission tomography
    • Syrota A, Castaing M, Rougemont D, et al. Tissue acid-base balance and oxygen metabolism in human cerebral infarction studied with positron emission tomography. Ann Neurol 1983;14:419-28
    • (1983) Ann Neurol , vol.14 , pp. 419-428
    • Syrota, A.1    Castaing, M.2    Rougemont, D.3
  • 54
    • 0022255824 scopus 로고
    • Tomographic mapping of brain intracellular pH and extracellular water space in stroke patients
    • Syrota A, Samson Y, Boullais C, et al. Tomographic mapping of brain intracellular pH and extracellular water space in stroke patients. J Cereb Blood Flow Metab 1985;5:358-68
    • (1985) J Cereb Blood Flow Metab , vol.5 , pp. 358-368
    • Syrota, A.1    Samson, Y.2    Boullais, C.3
  • 55
    • 0023148110 scopus 로고
    • The effect of spontaneous reperfusion on metabolic function in early human cerebral infarcts
    • Hakim AM, Pokrupa RP, Villanueva J, et al. The effect of spontaneous reperfusion on metabolic function in early human cerebral infarcts. Ann Neurol 1987;21:279-89
    • (1987) Ann Neurol , vol.21 , pp. 279-289
    • Hakim, A.M.1    Pokrupa, R.P.2    Villanueva, J.3
  • 56
    • 0020006750 scopus 로고
    • Intracellular pH mediates action of insulin on glycolysis in frog skeletal muscle
    • Fidelman ML, Seeholzer SH, Walsh KB, et al. Intracellular pH mediates action of insulin on glycolysis in frog skeletal muscle. Am J Physiol 1982;242:C87-93
    • (1982) Am J Physiol , vol.242
    • Fidelman, M.L.1    Seeholzer, S.H.2    Walsh, K.B.3
  • 57
    • 0027279475 scopus 로고
    • Changes in cerebral hemodynamics and oxygenation in the first 24 hours after birth asphyxia
    • van Bel F, Dorrepaal CA, Benders MJ, et al. Changes in cerebral hemodynamics and oxygenation in the first 24 hours after birth asphyxia. Pediatrics 1993;92:365-72
    • (1993) Pediatrics , vol.92 , pp. 365-372
    • Van Bel, F.1    Dorrepaal, C.A.2    Benders, M.J.3
  • 58
    • 0028000854 scopus 로고
    • Near-infrared spectroscopy in adults: Effects of extracranial ischaemia and intracranial hypoxia on estimation of cerebral oxygenation
    • Germon TJ, Kane NM, Manara AR, et al. Near-infrared spectroscopy in adults: effects of extracranial ischaemia and intracranial hypoxia on estimation of cerebral oxygenation. Br J Anaesth 1994;73:503-06
    • (1994) Br J Anaesth , vol.73 , pp. 503-506
    • Germon, T.J.1    Kane, N.M.2    Manara, A.R.3
  • 59
    • 0033058875 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Recent advances on neuronal caspases in development and neurodegeneration
    • Marks N, Berg MJ. Recent advances on neuronal caspases in development and neurodegeneration. Neurochem Int 1999;35:195-220
    • (1999) Neurochem Int , vol.35 , pp. 195-220
    • Marks, N.1    Berg, M.J.2
  • 60
    • 0026633564 scopus 로고
    • Specific expression of N-acetylaspartate in neurons, oligodendrocyte- type-2 astrocyte progenitors and immature oligodendrocytes in vitro
    • Urenjak J, Williams SR, Gadian DG, et al. Specific expression of N-acetylaspartate in neurons, oligodendrocyte-type-2 astrocyte progenitors and immature oligodendrocytes in vitro. J Neurochem 1992;59:55-61
    • (1992) J Neurochem , vol.59 , pp. 55-61
    • Urenjak, J.1    Williams, S.R.2    Gadian, D.G.3
  • 61
    • 0032497087 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Reversal of abnormalities of myelination by thyroxine therapy in congenital hypothyroidism: Localized in vivo proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS) study
    • Jagannathan NR, Tandon N, Raghunathan P, et al. Reversal of abnormalities of myelination by thyroxine therapy in congenital hypothyroidism: localized in vivo proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS) study. Brain Res Dev Brain Res 1998;109:179-86
    • (1998) Brain Res Dev Brain Res , vol.109 , pp. 179-186
    • Jagannathan, N.R.1    Tandon, N.2    Raghunathan, P.3
  • 62
    • 0019759561 scopus 로고
    • Dietary choline: Biochemistry, physiology and pharmacology
    • Zeisel SH. Dietary choline: biochemistry, physiology and pharmacology. Annu Rev Nutr 1981;1:95-121
    • (1981) Annu Rev Nutr , vol.1 , pp. 95-121
    • Zeisel, S.H.1
  • 63
    • 0033809146 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Choline: Needed for normal development of memory
    • Zeisel SH. Choline: needed for normal development of memory. J Am Coll Nutr 2000;19[suppl]:528S-531S
    • (2000) J Am Coll Nutr , vol.19 , Issue.SUPPL.
    • Zeisel, S.H.1
  • 64
    • 0028296793 scopus 로고
    • Phosphatidylcholine breakdown and signal transduction
    • Exton JH. Phosphatidylcholine breakdown and signal transduction. Biochem Biophys Acta 1994;1212:26-42
    • (1994) Biochem Biophys Acta , vol.1212 , pp. 26-42
    • Exton, J.H.1
  • 65
    • 0029665218 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • 1H MRS choline: Correlation with in vitro chemistry/histology
    • 1H MRS choline: correlation with in vitro chemistry/histology. Life Sciences 1996;58:1929-35
    • (1996) Life Sciences , vol.58 , pp. 1929-1935
    • Miller, B.L.1    Chang, L.2    Booth, R.3
  • 66
    • 0037219940 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Delayed myelination in a rhizomelic chondrodysplasia punctata case: MR spectroscopy findings
    • Alkan A, Kutlu R, Yakinci C, et al. Delayed myelination in a rhizomelic chondrodysplasia punctata case: MR spectroscopy findings. Magn Reson Imaging 2003;21:77-80
    • (2003) Magn Reson Imaging , vol.21 , pp. 77-80
    • Alkan, A.1    Kutlu, R.2    Yakinci, C.3
  • 67
    • 0035097194 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Value of (1)H-MRS using different echo times in neonates with cerebral hypoxia-ischemia
    • Roelants-Van Rijn AM, van der Grond J, de Vries LS, et al. Value of (1)H-MRS using different echo times in neonates with cerebral hypoxia-ischemia. Pediatr Res 2001;49:356-62
    • (2001) Pediatr Res , vol.49 , pp. 356-362
    • Roelants-Van Rijn, A.M.1    Van Der Grond, J.2    De Vries, L.S.3
  • 68
    • 0034902215 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Choline deficiency induces apoptosis in primary cultures of fetal neurons
    • Yen CL, Mar MH, Meeker RB, et al. Choline deficiency induces apoptosis in primary cultures of fetal neurons. FASEB J 2001;15:1704-10
    • (2001) FASEB J , vol.15 , pp. 1704-1710
    • Yen, C.L.1    Mar, M.H.2    Meeker, R.B.3
  • 69
    • 0033548534 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Choline availability alters embryonic development of the hippocampus and septum in the rat
    • Albright CD, Tsai AY, Friedrich CB, et al. Choline availability alters embryonic development of the hippocampus and septum in the rat. Brain Res Dev Brain Res 1999;113:13-20
    • (1999) Brain Res Dev Brain Res , vol.113 , pp. 13-20
    • Albright, C.D.1    Tsai, A.Y.2    Friedrich, C.B.3
  • 70
    • 0030812795 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Apoptosis is induced by choline deficiency in fetal brain and in PC12 cells
    • Holmes-McNary MQ, Loy R, Mar MH, et al. Apoptosis is induced by choline deficiency in fetal brain and in PC12 cells. Brain Res Dev Brain Res 1997;101:9-16
    • (1997) Brain Res Dev Brain Res , vol.101 , pp. 9-16
    • Holmes-McNary, M.Q.1    Loy, R.2    Mar, M.H.3
  • 71
    • 0032910084 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Choline deficiency-induced apoptosis in PC12 cells is associated with diminished membrane phosphatidylcholine and sphingomyelin, accumulation of ceramide and diacylglycerol, and activation of a caspase
    • Yen CL, Mar MH, Zeisel SH. Choline deficiency-induced apoptosis in PC12 cells is associated with diminished membrane phosphatidylcholine and sphingomyelin, accumulation of ceramide and diacylglycerol, and activation of a caspase. FASEB J 1999;13:135-42
    • (1999) FASEB J , vol.13 , pp. 135-142
    • Yen, C.L.1    Mar, M.H.2    Zeisel, S.H.3


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.