Enlightenment! which enlightenment?

Journal of the History of Ideas

Volumn 67, Issue 3, 2006, Pages 523-545

  Israel, Jonathan ^a  

^a Institute for Advanced Study

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

EID: 33747437312     PISSN: 00225037     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1007/s11524-006-9053-6     Document Type: Review

References (64)

1. Stephen Bronner, Reclaiming the Enlightenment: Toward a Politics of Radical Engagement (New York: Columbia University Press, 2004), 159.
2. Sankar Muthu, Enlightenment against Empire (Princeton: Princeton University Press, 2003), 324;
3. more generally on Enlightenment anticolonialism and the thrust for equality see my Radical Enlightenment (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2001), 79-82
4. and especially the chapter on anticolonialism in the forthcoming sequel to that volume. 3 Giuseppe Ricuperati, "Universalismi, appartenenza, identità: un balancio possibile," Rivista storica italiana 116 (2004): 740, 745.
5. Kenneth Maxwell, Pombal, Paradox of the Enlightenment (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1995), 83, 91-108, 160-62.
6. David Williams, Condorcet and Modernity (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2004), 8, 282-87.
7. Wim Klever, "Inleiding" to Franciscus van den Enden's Vrije Politieke Stellingen (Amsterdam: Wereldbibliotheek, 1992), 13-119.
8. See Siep Stuurman, François Poulain de la Barre and the Invention of Modern Equality (Cambridge, Mass.: Harvard University Press, 2004).
9. See, in particular, Gianluca Mori, "Du Marsais philosophe clandestin: textes et attributions," in La philosophie clandestine à l'âge classique, eds. A. McKenna and A. Mothu (Oxford: Voltaire Foundation; Paris, Universitas, 1997), 69-92.
10. Pascal Taranto, Du déisme à l'athéisme: la libre-pensée d'Anthony Collins (Paris: Champion, 2000).
11. Edoardo Tortarolo, L'Illuminismo. Ragioni e dubbi della modernità (Rome: Carocci, 1999), 32, 37, 55, 122-23;
12. Silvia Berti, "Radicali ai margini: materialismo, libero pensiero e diritto al suicidio in Radicati di Passerano," Rivista storica italiana 116 (2004): 794-811.
13. On Gundling, Lau, Wachter, and more generally on the German Radical Enlightenment, see Martin Mulsow, Moderne aus dem Untergrund. Radikale Frühaufklärung in Deutschland, 1680-1720 (Hamburg: Felix Meiner Verlag, 2002);
14. Winfried Schröder, Ursprunge des Atheismus. Untersuchungen zur Metaphysik- und Religionskritik des 17. und 18. Jahrhunderts (Stuttgart-Bad Cannstatt: Frommann-Holzboog, 1998);
15. G. Paganini, "Modernità dalla clandestinità," Giornale critico della filosofia italiana 84 (2005): 172-80.
16. Edoardo Tortarolo, "Hatzfeld: la vita di un radicale tedesco nella prima metà del XVIII secolo," Rivista storica italiana 116 (2004): 812-33.
17. For Vauvenargues, see Laurent Bove, Vauvenargues. Philosophie de la force active (Paris: Champion, 2000)
18. and Entre Epicure et Vauvenargues. Principes et formes de la pensée morale, éd. Jean Dagen (Paris: Champion, 1999).
19. See Michiel Wielema, The March of the Libertines: Spinozists and the Dutch Reformed Church (1660-1750) (Hilversum: Verloren, 2004), 103-32.
20. On Condillac, see André Charrak, Empirisme et métaphysique (Paris: Vrin, 2003).
21. For the new interpretations of Bayle, see in particular Stefano Brogi, Teologia senza verità. Bayle contra i "rationaux" (Milan: FrancoAngeli, 1998);
22. Gianluca Mori, Bayle philosophe (Paris: Champion, 1999)
23. and Pierre Bayle dans la République des lettres, ed. Anthony McKenna and G. Paganini (Paris: Champion, 2004).
24. On the new Diderot see especially Paolo Quintili, La pensée critique de Diderot (Paris: Champion, 2001);
25. Amor Cherni, Diderot: l'ordre et le devenir (Geneva: Droz, 2002);
26. Colas Duflo, Diderot philosophe (Paris: Champion, 2003).
27. John Gray, Enlightenment's Wake: Politics and Culture at the Close of the Modern Age (New York: Routledge, 1995), 178-79.
28. An important recent re-assessment of Spinoza's conception of religion and its relevance to the Early Enlightenment, is Wiep van Bunge, "Spinoza en de waarheid van de godsdienst," in Leven na Descartes, eds. P. Hoftijzer and Theo Verbeek (Hilversum: Verloren, 2005), 55-67.
29. Charles Taylor, Sources of the Self: The Making of the Modern Identity (Cambridge, Mass: Harvard University Press, 1989), 321-54.
30. Jeremy Waldron, God, Locke and Equality: Christian Foundations in Locke's Political Thought (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2002), 1-5, 237-43.
31. On the major difficulties with Locke's theory of equality, see in particular, M. P. Zuckert, "Locke-Religion-Equality," in the "Symposium on God, Locke and Equality," Review of Politics 67 (2005): 419-31;
32. and John Dunn, "Jeremy Waldron's Reading of Locke's Christian Politics," Review of Politics 67 (2005): 433-50.
33. See in particular, Roy Porter, Enlightenment: Britain and the Creation of the Modern World (London and New York: Allan Lane, 2000)
34. and more recently Gertrude Himmelfarb, The Roads to Modernity: The British, French and American Enlightenments (New York: Vintage Books, 2004).
35. Gertrude Himmelfarb, The Roads to Modernity: The British, French and American Enlightenments, Ibid., 5.
36. Porter, Enlightenment, 30-32;
37. Roy Porter, "England" in Encyclopedia of the Enlightenment, ed. Kors, 1: 412.
38. Himmelfarb, The Roads to Modernity, 5.
39. Gianni Paganini, Les philosophies clandestines àl'âge classique (Paris: Presses Universitaires de France, 2005), 125-28.
40. On Toland as a radical philosophe, see Justin Champion, Republican Learning: John Toland and the Crisis of Christian Culture, 1696-1722 (Manchester: Manchester University Press, 2003).
41. Louis Dupré, The Enlightenment and the Intellectual Foundations of Modern Culture (New Haven, Conn.: Yale University Press, 2004), xiii.
42. Christopher Storrs, "Pombal," in Encyclopedia of the Enlightenment, ed. Kors, 3: 323.
43. Ernst Wangermann, "Austria," in Encyclopedia of the Enlightenment, ed. Kors, 1: 101.
44. T.C.W. Blanning, The Culture of Power and the Power of Culture: Old Regime Europe 1660-1789, (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2002), 221.
45. T.C.W. Blanning, "Frederick II 'the Great,' " in Encyclopedia of the Enlightenment, ed. Kors, 2: 72.
46. Jacob Brucker (1696-1770): Philosoph und Historiker der europäischen Aufklärung, Wilhelm Schmidt-Biggemann and Theo Stammen (Berlin: Akademie-Verlag, 1998).
47. Daniel Gordon, "Citizenship," in Encyclopedia of the Enlightenment, ed. Kors, 1: 246.
48. Franĉois Labbé, Anarcharsis Cloots, le Prussien Francophile. Un philosophe au service de la Révolution française et universelle (Paris-Montreal: Editions L'Harmattan, 1999).
49. On this, see Detlev Pätzold, Spinoza, Aufklärung, Idealismus. Die Substanz der Moderne, second ed. (Assen: Koninklijke Van Gorcum, 2002), 80-114.
50. See John H. Zammito, Kant, Herder, and the Birth of Anthropology (Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 2002).
51. Ruth Whelan, "Pierre Bayle," in Encyclopedia of the Enlightenment, ed. Kors, iv, 122-3.
52. peter Gay, The Enlightenment: An Interpretation. Vol. 2, The Science of Freedom (New York: Knopf, 1969), 61-62.
53. Isabel de Madariaga, "Russia," in Encyclopedia of the Enlightenment, ed. Kors, 4: 492.
54. On this, see Philip Schofield, "Jeremy Bentham, the French Revolution and Political Radicalism," History of European Ideas 30 (2004): 381-401.
55. On these important issues, see Gustavo Costa, "La santa sede di fronte a Locke," Nouvelles de la République des Lettres (2003): 37-122.
56. Anna Tabaki, "Greece,"in Encyclopedia of the Enlightenment, ed. Kors, 2: 158.
57. Paschalis M. Kitromilides, "John Locke and the Greek Intellectual Tradition: An Episode in Locke's Reception in South-East Europe," in Locke's Philosophy: Content and Context, ed. G.A.J. Rogers (Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1994), 217-35.
58. On Rousseau as an enemy of the philosophes, see Graeme Garrard, Rousseau's Counter-Enlightenment: A Republican Critique of the Philosophes (Albany, N.Y.: State University of New York Press, 2003).
59. S. Albertan-Coppola, "Counter-Enlightenment," Encyclopedia of the Enlightenment, ed. Kors, 1: 307-11.
60. Darrin M. McMahon, Enemies of the Enlightenment: The French CounterEnlightenment and the Making of Modernity (New York: Oxford University Press, 2001).
61. R.E. Norton, "Herder," in Encyclopedia of the Enlightenment, ed. Kors, 2: 205.
62. Donald Phillip Verene, "Vico," in Encyclopedia of the Enlightenment, ed. Kors, 4: 224-25.
63. Isaiah Berlin, The Roots of Romanticism (Princeton: Princeton University Press, 1999), 33-34.
64. "The greatest single influence," Wade summed up in his conclusion, "exerted upon the [clandestine philosophical] writers of this period is that of Spinoza." See Ira O. Wade, The Clandestine Organization and Diffusion of Philosophic Ideas in France from 1700 to 1750 (New York: Octagon Books, 1967), 269.