The emergence of gated communities in a west african context: Evidence from greater accra, ghana

Urban Geography

Volumn 26, Issue 8, 2005, Pages 661-683

  Grant, Richard ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY OF MIAMI   (United States)

Author keywords

Gated communities; Ghana; Greater Accra; Transnational houses

Indexed keywords

DIASPORA; GATED COMMUNITY; GLOBALIZATION; HOUSING MARKET; PROPERTY MARKET; RESIDENTIAL DEVELOPMENT; URBAN GEOGRAPHY;

AFRICA; GHANA; GREATER ACCRA; SUB-SAHARAN AFRICA; WEST AFRICA;

EID: 33747427364     PISSN: 02723638     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.2747/0272-3638.26.8.661     Document Type: Article

References (59)

1. ACP Estates, 2004, A Quality Lifestyle. Unpublished report, ACP Estates, Accra, Ghana. Africa Online, 2001, Ghana: Security Firms Want Arms—Crooks Join the Industry. Retrieved July 17, 2004, from http://www.Africa.online.com/site/articles/1,3,3062.jsp
2. Agbosu, L., 2003, Problems of Land Transactions in Ghana. Unpublished paper presented at the Roundtable on Land Administration Reform in Ghana, Accra, Ghana.
3. Anarfi, J., Kwankye, S., Ababio, O., and Tiemoko, R., 2003, Migration to and from Ghana: A Background Paper. Sussex, UK: Development Research Center on Migration, Globalisation and Poverty, University of Sussex, Working Paper No. 4.
4. Antwi, A. and Adams, J., 2003, Rent-seeking behavior and its economic costs in urban land transactions in Accra, Ghana. Urban Studies, Vol. 40, 2083-2098.
5. Appiahene-Gyamfi, J., 2003, Urban crime trends and patterns in Ghana: The case of Accra. Journal of Criminal Justice, Vol. 31, 13-23.
6. Bank of Ghana, 2004, The Macroeconomic Impact of Remittances in Ghana. Unpublished report, Bank of Ghana Research Office, Accra, Ghana.
7. Berger, J., 2002, American dream is a Ghanaian home. New York Times, August 21, pp. B1, B6.
8. Blakely, E. and Snyder, M., 1997, Fortress America: Gated Communities in the United States. Washington, DC: Brookings Institution Press.
9. Blandy, S., Lister, D., Atkinson, R., and Flint, J., 2003, Gated Communities: A Systematic Review of the Research Evidence. Bristol and Glasgow, UK: University of Bristol and University of Glasgow, Economic Social Research Council Centre for Neighborhood Research, Research Paper 12.
10. Carvalho, M., George, R., and Anthony, K., 1997, Residential satisfaction in Condominos Exclusivos in Brazil. Environment and Behavior, Vol. 29, 734-768.
11. Coy, M. and Pohler, M., 2002, Gated communities in Latin American megacities: Case studies in Brazil and Argentina. Environment and Planning B, Vol. 29, 355-370.
12. Conway, D. and Cohen, J., 1998, Consequences of migration and remittances for Mexican transnational communities. Economic Geography, Vol. 74, 26-44.
13. The Daily Graphic, 1983-2004, Accra, Ghana: Graphic Communications Group.
14. Daily Graphic, 2003, Accra is now safe. February 27, p. 1.
15. De Soto, H., 2000, The Mystery of Capital. Why Capitalism Triumphs in the West and Fails Everywhere Else. New York, NY: Basic Books.
16. Donaldson, R. and Marais, L., 2002, Transforming Rural and Urban Spaces in South Africa During the 1990s: Reform, Restitution, Restructuring. Pretoria, Africa: Africa Institute of South Africa.
17. The Economist, 2002, Outward bound. September 26, pp. 38-40.
18. Embassy of Ghana, 2006, Retrieved June 13, 2006, from http://www.ghana-embassy.org/dual_citizenship.htm
19. Garreau, J., 1991, Edge City: Life on the New Frontier. New York, NY: Anchor Books.
20. Ghana Estates, 2004, Welcome to the Buyers Information Area. Retrieved July 2, 2005, from http://www.ghanaestates.com/info/news/smpl-nyork.php
21. Ghana Homes Incorporated (GHI), 2004, Retrieved from http://www.myghanahome.com
22. Ghana Investment Promotion Centre (GIPC), 2004a, Ghana Investment Profile: Property Development. Accra, Ghana: GIPC.
23. Ghana Investment Promotion Centre (GIPC), 2004b, Statistics on Registered Projects. Retrieved March 8, 2005, from http://www.gipc.org.gh/documents/WEBRPT4Q03.htm
24. Ghana Police Headquarters, 1980-2001, Official Crime Data. Accra, Ghana: Ghana Police Service, Criminal Data Services Bureau.
25. Ghana Real Estates Magazine International, 2004, Accra, Ghana: Fotobank Media Services, Regalon international, p. 65.
26. The Ghanian Times, 1983-2003, Accra, Ghana: New Times Corporation.
27. Grant, R., 2001, Liberalisation policies and foreign companies in Accra, Ghana. Environment and Planning A, Vol. 33, 997-1014.
28. Hanson, K., 2004, Rethinking the Akan household: Acknowledging the importance of culturally and linguistically meaningful images. Africa Today, Vol. 51, 27-45.
29. Hannerz, U., 1996, Transnational Connection: Culture, People, Places. London, UK: Routledge.
30. Interpol, 2004, Crime Statistics-Burglary. Retrieved March 12, 2004, from www.interpol.int/public/statistics/ics/default.asp
31. Jurgens, U. and Gnad, M., 2002, Gated communities in South Africa—Experiences from Johannesburg. Environment and Planning B, Vol. 29, 337-353.
32. Kasanga, K., Cochrane, J., King, R., and Roth, M., 1996, Land Markets and Legal Contradictions in the Peri-Urban Area of Accra Ghana: Informant Interviews and Secondary Data Investigations. Madison, WI: Land Tenure Research Center, Working Paper 127.
33. King, A., 2004, Spaces of Global Cultures. New York, NY: Routledge.
34. Konadu-Agyemang, K., 2001, The Political Economy of Housing and Urban Development in Africa. Ghana’s Experience from Colonial Times to 1998. London, UK: Praeger.
35. Korboe, D., 1992, Family-houses in Ghanaian cities— To be or not to be? Urban Studies, Vol. 29, 1159-1171.
36. Knox, P., 1993, The Restless Urban Landscape. Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice- Hall.
37. Landman, K., 2004, Gated Communities in South Africa. Unpublished paper presented at Institute for Security Studies, Pretoria, South Africa.
38. Larbi, W., 1996, Spatial planning and urban fragmentation in Accra. Third World Planning Review, Vol. 18, 193-214.
39. Levitt, P., 2001, The Transnational Villagers. Los Angeles, CA: University of California Press.
40. Luymes, D., 1997, The fortification of suburbia: Investigating the rise of enclave communities. Landscape and Urban Planning, Vol. 39, 197-203.
41. Maloney, C., 2004, Private Housing Estate Development and the Restructuring of Residential Geography in Accra. Unpublished masters thesis, Department of Geography, London School of Economics, London, UK.
42. Malpezzi, S. and Mayo, S., 1997, The demand for housing in developing countries. Economic Development and Cultural Change, Vol. 35, 687-721.
43. Manet, 2004, Your Innovative Housing Provider. Unpublished report, Manet, Accra, Ghana.
44. The Mirror, 1983-2003, Accra, Ghana: Graphic Communications Group.
45. Mueller, G. and Ziering, B., 1992, Real estate portfolio diversification using economic diversification. Journal of Real Estate Research, Vol. 4, 375-386.
46. Okonkwo, U., 1999, Migrants and Housing Investments: Theory and Evidence from Nigeria. Unpublished doctoral dissertation in economics, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL.
47. Pellow, D., 2003, New spaces in Accra: Transnational houses. City and Society, Vol. 15, 59-86.
48. Quarcoopome, S., 1992, Urbanization and land alienation and politics in Accra. Institute of African Studies Research Review, Vol. 8, 40-54.
49. Regalon, 2004, Property Developers. Retrieved March 15, 2005, from www.regalonintl.comZproperty_developers.htm
50. Regimanuel Gray, 2004, Your Complete Information on Owning a Regimanuel Gray Home. Unpublished report, Regimanuel Gray, Accra, Ghana.
51. Royal Palms, 2004, Houses. Retrieved March 20, 2004, from www.myghana.home.com/homes/royalpalms/
52. Taysec, 2004, Invest in a Taysec Home Today. Unpublished report, Taysec, Accra, Ghana.
53. Tipple, G. and Willis, K., 1992, Why should Ghanaians build houses in urban areas? An introduction to private sector housing in Ghana. Cities, Vol. 2, 60-74.
54. Trasacco Valley, 2004, Experience the Dream. Unpublished report, Trasacco Valley, Accra, Ghana.
55. Tuurosong, D., 2004, Real estate: Scarcity in the midst of a boom. Business Watch Online, Vol. 3, 1-5.
56. Waldinger, R. and Fitzgerald, D., 2004, Transnationalism in question. American Journal of Sociology, Vol. 109, 1177-1195.
57. Webster, C., Glasz, G., and Frantz, K., 2002, The global spread of gated communities. Environment and Planning B, Vol. 29, 315-320.
58. World Bank, 1993, Housing: Enabling Markets to Work. Washington, DC: The World Bank.
59. Yeboah, I., 2003, Demographic and housing aspects of structural adjustment and emerging urban form in Accra, Ghana. Africa Today, Vol. 10, 106-119.