Uncertainty in the age of fossils and the stratigraphic fit to phylogenies

Systematic Biology

Volumn 55, Issue 3, 2006, Pages 512-521

  Pol, Diego ^a   Norell, Mark A ^b  

^a MUSEO PALEONTOLÓGICO EGIDIO FERUGLIO   (Argentina)

^b DIVISION OF INVERTEBRATE ZOOLOGY   (United States)

Author keywords

Age uncertainty; Fossil record; GER; Ghost lineages; MSM; Stratigraphic fit

Indexed keywords

ANIMAL; ARTICLE; BIOLOGICAL MODEL; DINOSAUR; FOSSIL; PHYLOGENY; SEDIMENT; TIME; UNCERTAINTY;

ANIMALS; DINOSAURS; FOSSILS; GEOLOGIC SEDIMENTS; MODELS, BIOLOGICAL; PHYLOGENY; TIME FACTORS; UNCERTAINTY;

EID: 33747370710     PISSN: 10635157     EISSN: 1076836X     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1080/10635150600755446     Document Type: Review

References (53)

1. Benton, M. J., and R. Hitchin. 1996. Testing the quality of the fossil record by groups and by major habitats. Hist. Biol. 12:111-157.
2. Benton, M. J., and R. Hitchin. 1997. Congruence between phylogenetic and stratigraphic data on the history of life. Proc. R. Soc. Lond. B Biol. 264:885-890.
3. Benton, M. J., and M. J. Simms. 1995. Testing the marine and continental fossil records. Geology 23:601-604.
4. Benton, M. J., and G. W. Storrs. 1994. Testing the quality of the fossil record: Paleontological knowledge is improving. Geology 22:111-114. (Pubitemid 24424034)
5. Benton, M. J., and G. W. Storrs. 1996. Diversity in the past: Comparing cladistic phylogenies and stratigraphy. Pages 19-24 in Phylogeny and biodiversity (M. Hochberg, J. Clobert, and R. Barbault, eds.). Oxford University Press, Oxford, UK.
6. Benton, M. J., M. A. Wills, and R. Hitchin. 1999. Assesing congruence between cladistic and stratigraphic data. Syst. Biol. 48:580-591.
7. Benton, M. J., M. A. Wills, and R. Hitchin. 2000. Quality of the fossil record through time. Nature 403:534-537. (Pubitemid 30082196)
8. Berggren W. A., D. V. Kent, C. C. Swisher, and M. P. Aubry. 1995. A revised Cenozoic geochronology and chronostratigraphy. Pages 129-212 in Geochronology, Time scales and global stratigraphic correlation (W. A. Berggren, D. V. Kent, M. P. Aubry, J. Hardenbol, eds.). SEPM Special Publication 54.
9. Brochu, C. A., and M. A. Norell. 2000. Temporal congruence and the origin of birds. J. Vertebr. Paleontol. 20:197-200.
10. Brochu, C. A., C. C. Sumrall, and J. M. Theodor. 2004. When clocks (and communities) collide: Estimating time from molecules and the fossil record. J. Paleontol. 78:1-6. (Pubitemid 38092721)
11. Feduccia, A., and L. D. Martin. 1998. Theropod-bird link reconsidered. Nature 391:754.
12. Fisher, D. C. 1984. The Xiphosurida: archetypes of bradytely? Pages 196-213 in Living fossils (N. Eldredge and S. M. Stanley, eds.). Springer Verlag, New York.
13. Fisher, D. C. 1991. Phylogenetic analysis and its application in evolutionary analysis. Pages 103-121 in Short courses in paleontology: Number 4 (N. Gilinsky and P. Singor, eds.). Paleontological Society. Knoxville, Tennessee.
14. Fisher, D. C. 1992. Stratigraphic parsimony. Pages 124-129 in MacClade: Analysis of phylogeny and character evolution, version 3 (W. P. Maddison and D. R. Maddison, eds.). Sinauer Associates, Sunderland, Massachusetts.
15. Fisher, D. C. 1994. Stratocladistics: Morphological and temporal patterns and their relation to phylogenetic process. Pages 133-171 in Interpreting the hierarchy of nature - From systematic patterns to evolutionary process theories (L. Grande and O. Rieppel, eds.). Academic Press, Orlando, Florida.
16. Foote, M., and D. Raup. 1996. Fossil preservation and the stratigraphic ranges of taxa. Paleobiology 22:121-140.
17. Fox, D. L., D. C. Fisher, and L. R. Leighton. 1999. Reconstructing phylogeny with and without temporal data. Science 284:1816-1819.
18. Galton, P. M., and P. Upchurch. 2004. Prosauropoda. Pages 259-322 in The Dinosauria, 2nd edition (D. Weishampel, P. Dodson, and H. Osmólska, eds.). University of California Press, Berkeley, California.
19. Gingerich, P. D. 1990. Stratophenetics. Pages 437-442 in Paleobiology: A synthesis (D. E. G. Briggs and P. R. Crowther, eds.). Blackwell Scientific Press, Oxford.
20. Goloboff, P. A., J. S. Farris, and K. Nixon. 2003. T.N.T.: Tree analysis using new technology. Program and documentation, available from the authors, and at www.zmuc.dk/public/phylogeny.
21. Hinnov, L. A. 2000. New perspectives on orbitally forced stratigraphy. Annu. Rev. Earth Planet. Sci. 28:419-475.
22. Huelsenbeck, J. P. 1994. Comparing the stratigraphic record to estimates of phylogeny. Paleobiology 20:470-483.
23. Huelsenbeck, J. P., and B. Rannala. 1997. Maximum likelihood estimation of topology using stratigraphic data. Paleobiology 23:174-180.
24. Marshall, C. R. 1990. Confidence intervals on stratigraphic ranges. Paleobiology 16:1-10. (Pubitemid 20416616)
25. Marshall, C. R. 1994. Confidence intervals on stratigraphic ranges: Partial relaxation of the assumption of randomly distributed fossil horizons. Paleobiology 20:459-469.
26. Marshall, C. R. 1997. Confidence intervals on stratigraphic ranges with nonrandom distributions of fossil horizons. Paleobiology 23:165-173.
27. Marshall, C. R., S. Tavare, O. Will, R. D. Martin, and C. Sdoligo. 1998. Taking into account the temporal ranges of unobserved species: Reconciliation of fossil and molecular clock estimates of primate origins? Geol. Soc. Am. Abstr. Prog. 30:A326.
28. Merle, D., and J. M. Pacaud. 2004. New species of Eocithara Fischer, 1883 (Mollusca, Gastropoda, Harpidae) from the Early Paleogene with phylogenetic analysis of the Harpidae. Geodiversitas 26:61-87. (Pubitemid 38790516)
29. Muttoni, G., D. V. Kent, P. E. Olsen, P. DiStefano, W. Lowrie, S. Bernasconi, and F. M. Hernandez. 2004. Tethyan magnetostratigraphy from Pizzi Mondello (Sicily) and correlation to the Late Triassic Newark astrochronological polarity time scale. Geol. Soc. Am. Bull. 116:1043-1058. (Pubitemid 39306381)
30. Norell, M. A. 1992. Taxic origin and temporal diversity: The effect of phylogeny. Pages 89-118 in Extinction and phylogeny (M. J. Novacek and Q. D. Wheeler, eds.). Columbia University Press, New York.
31. Norell, M. A. 1992. 1996. Ghost taxa, ancestors, and assumptions: a comment on Wagner. Paleobiology 22:453-455.
32. Norell, M. A., and M. J. Novacek. 1992. The fossil record and evolution: comparing cladistics and paleontological evidence for vertebrate history. Science 255:1690-1693.
33. O'Leary, M. 2001. The phylogenetic position of cetaceans: Further combined data analyses, comparisons with the stratigraphic record and a discussion of character optimization. Am. Zool. 41:487-506. (Pubitemid 33770441)
34. Pol, D., and M. A. Norell. 2001. Comments on the Manhattan Stratigraphic Measure. Cladistics 17:285-289. (Pubitemid 34175745)
35. Pol, D., M. A. Norell, and M. E. Siddall. 2004. Measures of stratigraphic fit to phylogeny and their sensitivity to tree size, tree shape, and scale. Cladistics 20:64-75. (Pubitemid 38370668)
36. Sankoff, D., and P. Rousseau. 1975. Locating the vertices of a Steiner tree in arbitrary space. Math. Program. 9:240-246.
37. Shackleton, N. J., I. N. McCave, and G. P. Weedon. 1999. Preface to astronomical (Milankovitch) calibration of the geological time-scale. Phil. Trans. Math. Phys. Eng. Sci. 357:1733-1734.
38. Siddall, M. E. 1998. Stratigraphic fit to phylogenies: A proposed solution. Cladistics 14:201-208.
39. Smith, A. B., and K. J. Peterson. 2002. Dating the time of origin of major clades: Molecular clocks and the fossil record. Ann. Rev. Earth Planet. Sci. 30:65-88. (Pubitemid 35374809)
40. Solow, A. R. 2003. Estimation of siratigraphic ranges when fossil finds are not randomly distributed. Paleobiology 29:181-185. (Pubitemid 36777339)
41. Solow, A. R., and W. Smith 1997. On fossil preservation and the stratigraphic ranges of taxa. Paleobiology 23:271-277.
42. Strauss, D., and P. M. Sadler. 1989. Classical confidence intervals and Bayesian probability estimates for ends of local taxon ranges. Math. Geol. 21:411-127.
43. Swofford, D. L. 2002. PAUP* 4b10. Phylogenetic analysis using parsimony (*and other methods). Sinauer Associates, Sunderland, Massachusetts.
44. Wagner, P. J. 1995. Stratigraphic tests of cladistic hypotheses. Paleobiology 21:153-178.
45. Wagner, P. J. 1996. Ghost taxa, ancestors, assumptions, and expectations: A reply to Norell. Paleobiology 22:456-460.
46. Wagner, P. J. 1998. A likelihood approach for estimating phylogenetic relationships among fossil taxa. Paleobiology 24:430-449.
47. Wagner, P. J. 2000a. Phylogenetic analyses and the fossil record: Tests and inferences, hypotheses and models. Pages: 341-371 in Deep time - Paleobiology's perspective (D. H. Erwin and S. L. Wing, eds.). Paleobiology Memoir 26 (Suppl. to No. 4). The Paleontological Society, Lancaster, Pennsylvania.
48. Wagner, P. J. 2000b. Likelihood tests of hypothesized durations: Determining and accommodating biasing factors. Paleobiology 26:431-449.
49. Wagner, P. J., and C. A. Sidor. 2000. Age rank/clade rank metrics - Sampling, taxonomy, and the meaning of "stratigraphic consistency. "Syst. Biol. 49:463-479.
50. Weishampel, D. B. 1996. Fossils, phylogeny, and discovery: A cladistic study of the history of tree topologies and ghost lineage durations J. Vertebr. Paleontol. 16:191-197.
51. Wills, M. A. 1999. Congruence between stratigraphy and phylogeny: Randomization tests and the gap excess ratio. Syst. Biol. 48:559-580. (Pubitemid 129479563)
52. Yates, A. M. 2003. A new species of the primitive dinosaur Thecodontosaurus (Saurischia: Sauropodomorpha) and its implications for the systematics of early dinosaurs. J. Syst. Palaeontol. 1:1-42.
53. Yin, H., W. C. Sweet, B. F. Glenister, G. Kotlyar, H. Kozur, N. D. Newell, J. Sheng, Z. Yang, and Y. D. Zakharov. 1996. Recommendation of the Meishan Section as Global Stratotype Section and Point for basal boundary of Triassic System. Newsl. Stratigr. 34:81-108.