Innervated free flaps for foot reconstruction: A review

Journal of Reconstructive Microsurgery

Volumn 22, Issue 6, 2006, Pages 433-442

  Ducic, Ivica ^a,e   Hung, Virginia ^b   Dellon, A Lee ^c,d  

^a GEORGETOWN UNIVERSITY SCHOOL OF MEDICINE   (United States)

^b Dellon Institute for Peripheral Nerve Surgery   (United States)

^c JOHNS HOPKINS UNIVERSITY   (United States)

^d UNIVERSITY OF ARIZONA   (United States)

^e GEORGETOWN UNIVERSITY HOSPITAL   (United States)

Author keywords

Foot reconstruction; Innervated flaps

Indexed keywords

DAILY LIFE ACTIVITY; DONOR; FOOT RECONSTRUCTION; FOOT SURGERY; GAIT; HEEL; HUMAN; MICROSURGERY; MOBILIZATION; MUSCLE FLAP; MUSCLE INNERVATION; NERVE FUNCTION; OUTCOME ASSESSMENT; PERIPHERAL NERVE; PLASTIC SURGERY; PRIORITY JOURNAL; REVIEW; SENSORY NERVE; ULCER; WEIGHT BEARING;

FOOT; HUMANS; RECONSTRUCTIVE SURGICAL PROCEDURES; SURGICAL FLAPS;

EID: 33747350531     PISSN: 0743684X     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1055/s-2006-947698     Document Type: Review

References (54)

1. Vasconez LO, Bostwick J III, McCraw J. Coverage of exposed bone by muscle transposition and skin grafting. Plast Reconstr Surg 1974;53:526-530
2. Lin SD, Chou CK, Lai CS. Reconstruction of plantar heel defect using reinnervated skin-grafted flexor digitorum brevis flap. Br J Plast Surg 1991;44:109-112
3. Shanahan RE, Gingrass RP. Medial plantar sensory flap for coverage of heel defects. Plast Reconstr Surg 1979;64:295-298
4. Shaw WW, Hidalgo DA. Anatomic basis of plantar flap design: clinical applications. Plast Reconstr Surg 1986;78:637-649
5. Miamoto Y, Ikuta Y, Shigeki S, Yamura M. Current concepts of instep island flap. Ann Plast Surg 1987;19:97-102
6. Rashid M, Hussain SS, Aslam R, Illahi I. A comparison of two fasciocutaneous flaps in the reconstruction of defects of the weight bearing heel. J Coll Physicians Surg Pak 2003;13:216-218
7. Aickel C, Celikoz B, Yuksel F, Ergun O. Various applications of the medial plantar flap to cover the defects of the plantar foot, posterior heel, and ankle. Ann Plast Surg 2003;50:498-503
8. McGregor IA. Less satisfactory experience with the neurovascular island flap. Hand 1969;1:21-25
9. Graham B, Dellon AL. Sensory recovery in innervated free-tissue transfers: a review. J Reconstr Microsurg 1995;11:157-166
10. Jeng SF, Wei FC. Distally based sural island flap for foot and ankle reconstruction. Plast Reconstr Surg 1997;99:744-750
11. O'Brien BM, Macleod AM, Hayhurst JE, Morrison WA. Successful transfer of a large island flap from the groin to the foot by microvascular anastomoses. Plast Reconstr Surg 1973;52:271-278
12. Ferreira MC, Besteiro JM, Monteiro AA Jr, Zumiotti A. Reconstruction of the foot with microvascular free flaps. Microsurgery 1994;15:33-36
13. Rainer C, Schwabegger AH, Bauer T, et al. Free flap reconstruction of the foot. Ann Plast Surg 1999;42:595-606
14. Rautio J. Resurfacing and sensory recovery of the sole. Clin Plast Surg 1991;18:615-626
15. May JW, Halls MJ, Simon SR. Free microvascular muscle flaps with skin graft reconstruction of extensive defects of the foot: a clinical and gait analysis study. Plast Reconstr Surg 1985;75:627-641
16. Yucel A, Senyuva C, Aydin Y, Cinar C, Guzel Z. Soft tissue reconstruction of sole and heel defects with free tissue transfers. Ann Plast Surg 2000;44:259-268
17. Kuran I, Turgut G, Lutfu L, Ozkan T, Bayri O, Gulgonen A. Comparison between sensitive and nonsensitive free flaps in reconstruction of the heel and plantar area. Plast Reconstr Surg 2000;105:574-580
18. Rautio J. Patterns of recovery of sensibility in free flaps transferred to the foot: a prospective study. J Reconstr Microsurg 1990;6:37-41
19. Noever G, Bruser P, Koher L. Reconstruction of heel and sole defects by free flaps. Plast Reconstr Surg Sept 1986;78:345-352
20. Stevenson TR, Mathes SJ. Management of foot injuries with free muscle flaps. Plast Reconstr Surg 1986;78:665-671
21. Graven-Nielsen T, Mense S, Arendt-Nielsen L. Painful and non-painful pressure sensations from human skeletal muscle. Exp Brain Res 2004;159:273-283
22. Chang KN, DeArmond SJ, Buncke HJ Jr. Sensory reinnervation in microsurgical reconstruction of the heel. Plast Reconstr Surg 1986;78:652-664
23. Caffee HH. Treatment of late ulceration in free muscle flaps to the foot. Plast Reconst Surg 1999;103:1247-1249
24. Lister GD. Use of an innervated skin graft to provide sensation to the reconstructed heel. Plast Reconstr Surg 1978;62:157-161
25. Chang KN, Buncke JH. Sensory reinnervation in reconstruction of the foot. Foot Ankle 1986;7:124-132
26. Goldberg JA, Trabulsy P, Lineaweaver WC, Buncke HJ. Sensory reinnervation of muscle free flaps for foot reconstruction. J Reconstr Microsurg 1994;10:7-9
27. Bayramicli M, Jackson IT, Herschman B. Innervation of skin grafts over free muscle flaps. Br J Plast Surg 2000;53:130-136
28. Dellon AL. Muscle sense or non-sense. Ann Plast Surg 1991;26:444-448
29. Hattori Y, Chuang DC, Lan CT. Sensory restoration of the skin graft on a free muscle flap: experimental rabbit study. Plast Reconstr Surg 2001;108:132-140
30. Hermanson A, Dalsgaard CJ, Arnander C, Lindblum U. Sensibility and cutaneous reinnervation in free flaps. Plast Reconstr Surg 1987;79:422-427
31. Kauhanen MS, Lorenzetti F, Leivo IV, Tukiainen E, Asko-Seljavaara SL. Long term morphometric and immunohistochemical findings in human free microvascular muscle flaps. Microsurgery 2004;24:30-38
32. Sinha AK, Wood MB, Irons GB. Free tissue transfer for reconstruction of the weight bearing portion of the foot. Clin Orthop Rel Res 1989;242:269-271
33. Sonmez A, Bayramicli M, Sonmez B, Numanoglu A. Reconstruction of the weight-bearing surface of the foot with non-neurosensory free flaps. Plast Reconstr Surg 2004;111:2230-2236
34. Santanelli F, Tenna S, Pace A, Scuderi N. Free flap reconstruction of the sole of the foot with or without sensory nerve coaptation. Plast Reconstr Surg 2002;109:2314-2322; discussion 2323-2324
35. Musharafieh R, Atiyeh B, Macari G, Haidar R. Radial forearm fasciocutaneous free-tissue transfer in ankle and foot reconstruction: review of 17 cases. J Reconstr Microsurg 2001;12:147-150
36. Rautio J, Kekoni J, Hamalainen H, Harma M, Asko-Seljavaara S. Mechanical sensibility in free and island flaps of the foot. J Reconstr Microsurg 1989;5:119-125
37. Potparic Z, Rajacic N. Long-term results of weight-bearing foot reconstruction with non-innervated and reinnervated free flaps. Br J Plast Surg 1997;50:176-181
38. Dellon AL. Discussion: free flap reconstruction of the sole of the foot with or without sensory nerve coaptation. Plast Reconstr Surg 2002;109:2323-2324
39. Chicarelli AN, Price GJ. Complete plantar foot coverage with the free neurosensory radial forearm flap. Plast Reconstr Surg 1986;89:94-98
40. Nurse MA, Nigg BM. The effect of changes in foot sensation on plantar pressure and muscle activity. Clin Biomech 2001;16:719-727
41. Sienko Thomas S, Supan T. A current comparison of biomechanical terms. J Pros Orthotics 1990;2:107-110
42. Benito-Ruiz J, Toon T, Guisantes-Pintos E, Monner J, Serra-Renom JM. Reconstruction of soft-tissue defects of the heel with local fasciocutaneous flaps. Ann Plast Surg 2004;52:380-384
43. Chen SL, Chen TM, Chou TD, Chen SG, Wang HJ. The distally based lesser saphenous venofasciocutaneous flap for ankle and heel reconstruction. Plast Reconst Surg 2002;110:1664-1672
44. Jeng SF, Wei FC, Kuo YR. Salvage of the distal foot using the distally based sural island flap. Ann Plast Surg 1999;43:499-505
45. Morrison WA, Crabb DM, O'Brien BM, Jenkins A. The instep of the foot as a fasciocutaneous island and as a free flap for heel defects. Plast Reconstr Surg 1983;72:56-65
46. Rashid M, Hussain SS, Aslam R, Illahi I. A comparison of two fasciocutaneous flaps in the reconstruction of defects of the weight bearing heel. J Coll Physicians Surg Pak 2003;13:216-218
47. Yildirim S, Akan M, Akoz T. Soft-tissue reconstruction of the foot with distally based neurocutaneous flaps in diabetic patients. Ann Plast Surg 2002;48:258-264
48. Wyble EJ, Yakuboff KP, Clark RG, Neale HW. Use of free fasciocutaneous and muscle flaps for reconstruction of the foot. Ann Plast Surg 1990;24:101-108
49. Harris PG, Letrosne E, Caoette-Laberge L, Egerszegi EP. Long-term follow-up of coverage of weight bearing surface of the foot with free muscular flap in a pediatric population. Microsurgery 1994;15:424-429
50. Hallock GG, Rice DC, Keblish PA, Arangio GA. Restoration of the foot using the radial forearm flap. Ann Plast Surg 1988;20:14-25
51. Duncan MJ, Zuker RM, Manktelow RT. Resurfacing weight bearing areas of the heel. The role of the dorsalis pedis innervated free tissue transfer. J Reconstr Microsurg 1985;1:201-208
52. Lorea P, Vercruysse N, Coessens BC. Use of gracilis muscle free flap for reconstruction of chronic osteomyelitis of foot and ankle. Acta Orthop Belg 2001;67:267-273
53. Selmanpakoglu N, Guler M, Sengezer M, Turegun M, Isik S, Demirogullari M. Reconstruction of foot defects due to mine explosion using muscle flaps. Microsurgery 1998;18:182-188
54. Stevenson TF, Mathes SJ. Management of foot injuries with free muscle flaps. Plast Reconstr Surg 1986;78:665-669