A cross-lagged analysis of the relationship between symptoms of PTSD and retrospective reports of exposure

Journal of Anxiety Disorders

Volumn 20, Issue 7, 2006, Pages 877-895

  Bolton, Elisa E ^a   Gray, Matthew J ^b   Litz, Brett T ^a  

^a BOSTON UNIVERSITY SCHOOL OF MEDICINE   (United States)

^b UNIVERSITY OF WYOMING   (United States)

Author keywords

Cross lagged analysis; Peacekeeping; PTSD; Retrospective report; Trauma

Indexed keywords

ADULT; ARTICLE; DISEASE SEVERITY; FEMALE; HUMAN; MAJOR CLINICAL STUDY; MALE; POSTTRAUMATIC STRESS DISORDER; QUESTIONNAIRE; RELIABILITY; SOMALIA; SYMPTOM; VALIDITY;

ADULT; COMBAT DISORDERS; FACTOR ANALYSIS, STATISTICAL; FEMALE; HUMANS; LONGITUDINAL STUDIES; MALE; MENTAL RECALL; MODELS, PSYCHOLOGICAL; OCCUPATIONAL EXPOSURE; PREVALENCE; REGRESSION ANALYSIS; SOMALIA; STRESS DISORDERS, POST-TRAUMATIC; TIME FACTORS; UNITED STATES; VETERANS; WAR;

EID: 33747340792     PISSN: 08876185     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/j.janxdis.2006.01.009     Document Type: Article

References (34)

1. Bentler P.M. Comparative fit indexes in structural models. Psychological Bulletin 107 (1990) 238-246
2. Bentler P.M., and Bonett D.G. Significance tests and goodness of fit in the analysis of covariance structures. Psychological Bulletin 88 (1980) 588-606
3. Bernstein I.H., and Teng G. Factoring items and factoring scales are different: spurious evidence of for multidimensionality due to item categorization. Psychological Bulletin 105 (1989) 467-477
4. Blanchard E.B., Jones-Alexander J., Buckley T.C., and Forneris C.A. The psychometric properties of the PTSD Checklist (PCL). Behaviour Research and Therapy 34 (1996) 669-673
5. Bollen K.A., and Lennox R. Conventional wisdom on measurement: a structural equation perspective. Psychological Bulletin 110 (1991) 305-314
6. Bramsen I., Dirkzwayer A.J., van Esch S.C., and van der Ploeg H.M. Consistency of self-reports of traumatic events in a population of Dutch peacekeepers: reason for optimism. Journal of Traumatic Stress 14 (2001) 733-740
7. Browne M.W., and Cudeck R. Alternative ways of assessing model fit. In: Bollen K.A., and Long J.S. (Eds). Testing structural equation models (1993), Sage, Newbury Park, CA 136-162
8. Derogatis L.R. Brief symptom inventory: administration, scoring, and procedures manual (1993), National Computer Systems, Inc, Minneapolis, MN
9. Ecob R. Applications of structural equation modeling to longitudinal educational data. In: Cuttance P., and Ecob R. (Eds). Structural modeling by example: applications in educational sociological, and behavioral research (1987), Cambridge University Press, New York 138-159
10. Farrell A.D. Structural equation modeling with longitudinal data: strategies for examining group differences and reciprocal relationships. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology 62 (1994) 477-487
11. Goodman L.A., Corcoran C., Turner K., Yuan N., and Green B.L. Assessing traumatic event exposure: general issues and preliminary findings for the stressful Life Events Screening Questionnaire. Journal of Traumatic Stress 11 (1998) 521-542
12. Gray M., and Lombardo T. Complexity of trauma narratives as an index of fragmented memory in PTSD: a critical analysis. Applied Cognitive Psychology 15 (2001) S171-S186
13. Hu L., and Bentler P.M. Fit indices in covariance structure modeling: sensitivity to underparameterized model misspecification. Psychological Methods 3 (1998) 424-453
14. Keane T.M., Caddell J.M., and Taylor K.L. Mississippi Scale for combat-related posttraumatic stress disorder: three studies in reliability and validity. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology 56 (1988) 85-90
15. Keane T.M., Fairbank J.A., Caddell J.M., Zimering R.T., Taylor K.L., and Mora C.A. Clinical evaluations of a measure to assess combat exposure. Psychological Assessment: A Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology 1 (1989) 53-55
16. King D.W., King L.A., Erickson D.J., Huang M.T., Sharkansky E.J., and Wolfe J. Posttraumatic stress disorder and retrospectively reported stressor exposure: a longitudinal prediction model. Journal of Abnormal Psychology 109 (2000) 624-633
17. Krinsley K.E., Gallagher J.G., Weathers F.W., Kutter C.J., and Kaloupek D.G. Consistency of retrospective reporting about exposure to traumatic events. Journal of Traumatic Stress 4 (2003) 399-409
18. Litz B.T., King L.A., King D.W., Orsillo S.M., and Friedman M.J. Warriors as peacekeepers: features of the Somalia experience and PTSD. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology 65 (1997) 1001-1010
19. Litz B.T., Orsillo S.M., Freidman M., Ehlich P., and Batres A. Posttraumatic stress disorder associated with peacekeeping duty in Somalia for US military personnel. American Journal of Psychiatry 154 2 (1997) 178-184
20. Loehlin J.C. Latent variable models: an introduction to factor, path, and structural analysis. 2nd ed. (1992), Erlbaum, Hillsdale, NJ
21. Loftus E.F., Coan J., and Pickrell J.E. Manufacturing false memories using bits of reality. In: Reder L. (Ed). Implicit memory and metacognition (1996), Erlbaum, Mahway, NJ
22. McNally R., Metzger L., Lasko N., Clancy S., and Pitman R. Directed forgetting of trauma cues in adult survivors of child sexual abuse with and without posttraumatic stress disorder. Journal of Abnormal Psychology 107 (1998) 596-601
23. Muthen L.K., and Muthen B.O. Mplus user's guide, version 2.0 (1998), Author, Los Angeles, CA
24. Niles B.L., Newman E., Erwin B.A., Fisher L.M., Kaloupek D.G., and Keane T.M. Stability and fluctuation of veterans' reports of combat exposure. In: Williams L.M., and Banyard V.L. (Eds). Trauma and memory (1999), Sage Publications, Inc., Thousand Oaks, CA 311-317
25. Roemer L., Litz B.T., Orsillo S.M., Ehlich P., and Friedman M. Increases in retrospective accounts of war-zone exposure over time: the role of PTSD symptom severity. Journal of Traumatic Stress 11 (1998) 597-605
26. Schwarz E.D., Kowalski J.M., and McNally R.J. Malignant memories: post-traumatic changes in memory in adults after a school shooting. Journal of Traumatic Stress 6 (1993) 545-553
27. Shobe K., and Kihlstrom J. Is traumatic memory special?. Current Directions in Psychological Science 6 (1997) 70-74
28. Southwick S., Morgan C., Nicalaou A., and Charney D. Consistency of memory for combat-related traumatic events in veterans of Operation Desert Storm. American Journal of Psychiatry 154 (1997) 173-177
29. SPSS Inc. SPSS user's guide, version 11.0 (2001), Author, Chicago, IL
30. Steiger J.H. Structural model evaluation and modification: an internal estimation approach. Multivariate Behavioral Research 25 (1990) 173-180
31. Tucker L.R., and Lewis C. A reliability coefficient for maximum likelihood factor analysis. Psychometrika 38 (1973) 1-10
32. Weathers, F. W., Litz, B. T., Herman, D. S., Huska, J. A., & Keane, T. M. (1993, November). The PTSD Checklist (PCL): reliability, validity, and diagnostic utility. Paper presented at the annual meeting of the International Society for Traumatic Stress Studies, San Antonio, TX.
33. Williams L.J., and Podsakoff P.M. Longitudinal field methods for studying reciprocal relationships in organizational behavior research: toward improved causal analysis. Research in Organizational Behavior 67 (1989) 520-528
34. Wyshak G. The relation between change in reports of traumatic events and symptoms of psychiatric distress. General Hospital Psychiatry 16 (1994) 290-297