The changing 'nature' of Tiwanaku religion and the rise of an Andean state

World Archaeology

Volumn 38, Issue 3, 2006, Pages 469-492

  Janusek, John Wayne ^a  

^a VANDERBILT UNIVERSITY   (United States)

Author keywords

Altitude; Andes; Monumentality; Religious ideology; Tiwanaku

Indexed keywords

ALTITUDE; POLITICAL INTEGRATION; RELIGION; SOLAR CYCLE;

ANDES; BOLIVIA; LA PAZ [BOLIVIA]; SOUTH AMERICA; TIWANAKU;

EID: 33747333660     PISSN: 00438243     EISSN: 14701375     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1080/00438240600813541     Document Type: Article

References (70)

1. Albarracin-Jordan, J.(1996) Tiwanaku: Arqueologá Regional y Dinámica Segmentaria. La Paz: Plural Editores.
2. Albarracin-Jordan, J.(1999) The Archaeology of Tiwanaku: The Myths, History, and Science of an Ancient Civilization 7. La Paz: PAP.
3. Bachand, H. and Joyce, R. and Hendon, J. (2003) Bodies moving in space: ancient Mesoamerican sculpture and embodiment Cambridge Archaeological Journal, 13, pp. 238-247.
4. Bandy, M.(2001) Population and history in the ancient Titicaca Basin. In. University of California at Berkeley. Unpublished PhD thesis
5. Benitez, L.(2005). Time and calendrics at Tiwanaku: An archaeoastronomical study. Paper presented at the 70th Annual Meeting of the Society for American Archaeology Salt Lake CityUT. In [pp.].
6. Bennett, W. (1934) Excavations at Tiahuanaco Anthropological Papers of the American Museum of Natural History, 34(3), pp. 359-494.
7. Browman, D.(1972). Asiruni, Pucara-Pokotia and Pajano: Pre-Tiahuanaco south Andean monolithic stone styles. Paper presented at the 34th Annual Conference of the Society for American Archaeology. In [pp.].
8. Cook, A.(1994) Wari y Tiwanaku: Entre el estilo y la imagen. Lima: Pontificia Universidad Catolica del Peru Fondo.
9. Couture, N.(2002) The construction of power: Monumental space and an elite residence at Tiwanaku, Bolivia. In. Unpublished PhD dissertation
10. Couture, N.(2003) Ritual, monumentalism, and residence at Mollo Kontu, Tiwanaku. In Tiwanaku and Its Hinterland: Archaeology and Paleoecology of an Andean Civilization. (pp. 202-225). Washington DC: Smithsonian Institution Press.
11. Couture, N. and Sapeck, K.(2003) Putuni: A history of palace architecture in Tiwanaku. In Tiwanaku and its Hinterland: Archaeology and Paleoecology of an Andean Civilization. (pp. 226-263). Washington DC: Smithsonian Institution Press.
12. (1992) Ideology and Pre-Columbian Civilizations. Santa Fe NM: School of American Research.
13. Dillehay, T.(1995) Mounds of social death: Araucanian funerary rights and political succession. In Tombs for the Living: Andean Mortuary Practices. (pp. 281-313). Washington DC: Dumbarton Oaks.
14. Drennan, R.(1976) Religion and social evolution in Formative Mesoamerica. In The Early Mesoamerican Village. (pp. 345-368). New York: Academic Press.
15. Escalante Moscoso, J.(1997) Arquitectura Prehispanica en los Andes Bolivianos. La Paz: CIMA.
16. Grove, D. and Gillespie, S.(1992) Ideology and evolution at the pre-state level: Formative Period Mesoamerica. In Ideology and Pre-Columbian Civilizations. (pp. 15-36). Santa Fe NM: School of Archaeological Research.
17. Hall, R.(1997) An Archaeology of the Soul: North American Indian Belief and Ritual. Urbana IL: University of Illinois Press.
18. Ingold, T. (1993) The temporality of the landscape World Archaeology, 25, pp. 152-174.
19. Isbell, W. and Burkholder, J.(2002) Iwawi and Tiwanaku. In Andean Archaeology I: Variations in Sociopolitical Organization. (pp. 199-242). New York: Kluwer Academic/Plenum.
20. Isbell, W. and Brewster-Wray, C. and Spickard, L.(1991) Architecture and spatial organization at Huari. In Huari Administrative Structure: Prehistoric Monumental Architecture and State Government. (pp. 19-54). Washington DC: Dumbarton Oaks.
21. Janusek, J. (2002) Out of many, one: Style and social boundaries in Tiwanaku Latin American Antiquity, 13, pp. 35-61.
22. Janusek, J.(2003) Vessels, time, and society: Toward a chronology of ceramic style in the Tiwanaku heartland. In Tiwanaku and its Hinterland: Archaeology and Paleoecology of an Andean Civilization. (pp. 30-94). Washington DC: Smithsonian Institution Press.
23. Janusek, J. (2004a) Tiwanaku and its precursors: Recent research and emerging perspectives Journal of Archaeological Research, 12, pp. 121-183.
24. Janusek, J.(2004b) Identity and Power in the Ancient Andes: Tiwanaku Cities through Time. London: Routledge.
25. Janusek, J.(2005) Khonkho Wankane: Informe de investigaciones en 2001-2002. In. Bolivia, La Paz Report submitted to the Viceministry of Culture
26. Janusek, J.(2006) Patios hundidos, encuenctros rituales, y el auge de Tiwanaku's como un centro regional religioso. In Boletin de Arqueologia PUCP.
27. Janusek, J. Ancient Tiwanaku: Civilization in the High Andes. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. in press
28. Janusek, J. and Kolata, A. (2004) Top-down or bottom-up: Rural settlement and raised field agriculture in the Lake Titicaca Basin, Bolivia Journal of Anthropological Archaeology, 23, pp. 404-430.
29. Janusek, J. and Ohnstad, A. and Roddick, A. (2003) Khonkho Wankane and the rise of Tiwanaku Antiquity, 77(296). Available at:
30. Joyce, A. and Winter, M. (1996) Ideology, power, and urban society in pre-Hispanic Oaxaca Current Anthropology, 37, pp. 33-86.
31. Kolata, A. (1986) The agricultural foundations of the Tiwanaku state: A view from the heartland American Antiquity, 51, pp. 748-762.
32. Kolata, A.(1990) The urban concept of Chan Chan. In The Northern Dynasties Kingship and Statecraft in Chimor. (pp. 107-144). Washington DC: Dumbarton Oaks Research Library and Collection.
33. Kolata, A. (1991) The technology and organization of agricultural production in the Tiwanaku state Latin American Antiquity, 2, pp. 99-125.
34. Kolata, A.(1993) Tiwanaku: Portrait of an Andean Civilization. Cambridge, MA, and Oxford: Blackwell.
35. Kolata, A. (1996a) Mimesis and monumentalism in Native Andean cities Res, 29-30, pp. 223-236.
36. (1996b) Tiwanaku and its Hinterland: Archaeology and Paleoecology of an Andean Civilization. Washington DC: Smithsonian Institution Press.
37. Kolata, A.(2003a) Tiwanaku and its Hinterland: Archaeology and Paleoecology of an Andean Civilization. Washington DC: Smithsonian Institution Press.
38. Kolata, A.(2003b) The Proyecto Wila Jawira Research Program. In Tiwanaku and Its Hinterland: Archaeology and Paleoecology of an Andean Civilization. (pp. 3-17). Washington DC: Smithsonian Institution Press.
39. Kolata, A.(2003c) Tiwanaku ceremonial architecture and urban organization. In Tiwanaku and Its Hinterland: Archaeology and Paleoecology of an Andean Civilization. (pp. 175-201). Washington DC: Smithsonian Institution Press.
40. Kolata, A. and Ponce Sanginés, C.(1992) Tiwanaku: The city at the centre. In The Ancient Americas: Art from Sacred Landscapes. (pp. 317-334). Chicago IL: The Art Institute.
41. Lemuz Aguirre, C.(2001) Patrones de asentamiento arqueologico en la Peninsula de Santiago de Huata, Boliva. In. Universidad Mayor de San Andres. Unpublished Licenciatura thesis
42. Lemuz Aguirre, C.(2005) Normalizacion de datos de asentamiento en la Cuenca Sur del Lago Titicaca. In. Report submitted to the Direccion Nacional de Arqueologia de Bolivia (DINAR)
43. Manzanilla, L.(1992) Akapana: Una Pirámide en el Centro del Mundo. Mexico City: Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Instituto de Investigaciones Antropológicas.
44. Martin, S.(1998) At the periphery: The movement, modification, and re-use of early monuments in the environs of Tikal. In The Sacred and the Profane: Architecture and Identity in the Maya Lowlands. (pp. 51-62). Munich: Anton Saurwein.
45. (1984) Ideology, Power, and Prehistory. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
46. Moore, J. (1996) The archaeology of plazas and the proxemics of ritual: three Andean traditions American Anthropologist, 98, pp. 789-802.
47. Moore, J.(2003) Life behind walls: Patterns in the urban landscape of the prehistoric north coast of Peru. In The Social Construction of Ancient Cities. (pp. 81-102). Washington DC: Smithsonian Institution Press.
48. Morell, V. (2002) Empires across the Andes National Geographic Magazine, 201, pp. 106-129.
49. Ohnstad, A.(2005) La escultura de Piedra de Khonkho Wankane. In Khonkho Wankane: Primer Informe Preliminar del Proyecto Arqueológico Jach'a Machaca. (pp. 52-68). La Paz Research Report submitted to the Viceministerio de Cultura
50. Ohnstad, A. and Janusek, J.W. (2004). Ritual and iconography at Khonkho Wankane: New perspectives on the Late Formative in the southern Lake Titicaca Basin. Paper presented at the 23rd Annual Midwest Conference on Andean and Amazonian Archaeology and Ethnohistory Urbana. In [pp.].
51. Orlove, B.(2002) Lines in the Water. Berkeley CA: University of California Press.
52. Pauketat, T. and Alt, S. (2005) Agency in a postmold? Physicality and the archaeology of culture-making Journal of Archaeological Method and Theory, 12, pp. 213-236.
53. Ponce Sanginés, C.(1978) Apuntes Sobre Dearrollo Nacional y Arqueologia. La Paz: Instituto Nacional de Arqueologia.
54. Ponce Sanginés, C.(1980) Panorama de la Arqueología Boliviana, 2nd edn. La Paz: Librería Editorial Juventud.
55. Ponce Sanginés, C.(1981 [1972]) Tiwanaku: Espacio, Tiempo, Cultura: Ensayo de síntesis arqueológica. La Paz: Los Amigos del Libro (originally published, Academia Nacional de Ciencias de Bolivia).
56. Ponce Sanginés, C.(1990) Descripción Sumaria del Templete Semisuterraneo de Tiwanak, 6th edn. La Paz: Juventud.
57. Ponce Sanginés, C.(1995) Tiwanaku: 200 Años de Investigaciones Arqueológicas. La Paz: Producciones CIMA.
58. Ponce Sanginés, C. and Echazú, A. and Salinas, W. and Barrau, F.(1971) Procedencia de las Areniscas Utilizadas en el Templo Precolombino de Pumapunku (Tiwanaku). La Paz: Academia Nacional de Ciencias de Bolivia.
59. Posnansky, A.(1945) Tihuanacu: The Cradle of American Man. New York: J. J. Augustin.
60. Protzen, J. and Nair, S.(2002) The gateways of Tiwanaku: Symbols or passages?. In Andean Archaeology II: Art, Landscape, and Society. (pp. 189-223). New York: Kluwer Academic/Plenum.
61. Rydén, S.(1947) Archaeological Researches in the Highlands of Bolivia. Göteborg: Elanders Boktryckeri Aktiebolag.
62. Seddon, M.(1994) Excavations in the raised fields of the Río Catari sub-basin, Bolivia. In. University of Chicago. Master's thesis
63. Squier, E.(1878) Peru: Incidents of Travel and Exploration in the Land of the Incas. New York: Harper Brothers.
64. Stanish, C.(2003) Ancient Titicaca: The Evolution of Social Complexity in Southern Peru and Northern Bolivia. Los Angeles CA: University of California Press.
65. Stone-Miller, R.(2002) Art of the Andes: From Chavin to Inca. London: Thames & Hudson.
66. Topic, J. (2003) From stewards to bureaucracts: Architecture and information flow at Chan Chan, Peru Latin American Antiquity, 14, pp. 243-274.
67. Turner, T. (1993) Social complexity and recursive hierarchy in indigenous South American societies Journal of the Steward Anthropological Society, 21, pp. 37-60.
68. Vranich, A.(1999) Interpreting the meaning of ritual spaces: The temple complex of Pumapunku, Tiwanaku, Bolivia. In. University of Pennsylvania. Unpublished PhD dissertation
69. Vranich, A. (2001) The Akapana Pyramid: Reconsidering Tiwanaku's monumental centre Boletin de Arqueologia PUCP, 5, pp. 295-308.
70. Young-Sanchez, M.(2004) Tapestry tunic. In Tiwanaku: Ancestors of the Inca. (pp. 46-49). Denver, CO, and Lincoln NB: Denver Art Museum and University of Nebraska Press.