The Pan-Amazonian Ucayali Peneplain, late Neogene sedimentation in Amazonia, and the birth of the modern Amazon River system

Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology

Volumn 239, Issue 1-2, 2006, Pages 166-219

  Campbell Jr , Kenneth E ^a   Frailey, Carl David ^a,b   Romero Pittman, Lidia ^c  

^a NATURAL HISTORY MUSEUM OF LOS ANGELES COUNTY   (United States)

^b JOHNSON COUNTY COMMUNITY COLLEGE   (United States)

^c INSTITUTO GEOLÓGICO MINERO Y METALÚRGICO   (Peru)

Author keywords

Amazon Basin; Amazon River; Ceara Rise; Fossil vertebrates; Lago Amazonas; Miocene; Neogene; Stratigraphy; Ucayali Peneplain; Ucayali Unconformity

Indexed keywords

ANDEAN OROGENY; COLLISION ZONE; DEPOSITION; DEPOSITIONAL ENVIRONMENT; FOSSIL; LITHOSTRATIGRAPHY; NEOGENE; PENEPLAIN; RIVER BANK; SEDIMENTARY BASIN; SEDIMENTATION; UNCONFORMITY; VERTEBRATE;

AMAZONIA; SOUTH AMERICA;

VERTEBRATA;

EID: 33747255624     PISSN: 00310182     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/j.palaeo.2006.01.020     Document Type: Article

References (158)

1. Aleman A., and Ramos V.A. Northern Andes. In: Cordani U.G., Milani E.J., Filho A.T., and Campos D.A.d. (Eds). Tectonic Evolution of South America. 31st International Geological Congress, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil (2000) 453-480
2. Almeida L.F.G.d. A drenagem festonada e seu significado fotogeológico. Sociedade Brasileira de Geologia Anais do 38E Congresso, Porto Alegre 7 (1974) 175-197
3. Alvarenga H.M.F., and Guilherme E. The anhingas (Aves: Anhingidae) from the Upper Tertiary (Miocene-Pliocene) of southwestern Amazonia. Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology 23 3 (2003) 614-621
4. Asociación LAGESA-CFGS. Geología de los cuadrángulos de Obenteni y Atalaya. Boletín-Instituto Geológico Minero y Metalúrgico. Serie A, Carta Geológica Nacional 95 (1997) 1-163
5. Barbosa Rodrigues J. Les reptiles fossiles de la Vallée de l'Amazone. Vellosia-Contribuicões do Museu Botanico do Amazonas 2 (1892) 41-56
6. Bates C.C. Rational theory of delta formation. Bulletin of the American Association of Petroleum Geologists 41 (1953) 359-382
7. Bemerguy R.L., and Costa J.B.S. Considerações sobre a evolução do sistema de drenagem da Amazônia e sua relação com o arcabouço tectônico-estrutural. Boletim do Museu Paraense Emílio Goeldi. Série Ciências da Terra 3 (1991) 75-97
8. Berggren W.A., Kent D.V., Swisher C.C., and Aubry M.P. A revised Cenozoic geochronology and chronostratigraphy. SEPM Special Publication 54 (1995) 129-212
9. Bergqvist L.P., Ribero A.M., and Bocquentin J. Primata, Roedores e Litopternas do Mio/Pliocene da Amazonia Sul-Ocidental (Formação Solimões, Bacia do Acre), Brasil. Geología Colombiana 23 (1998) 19-29
10. Burmeister H. Exámen crítico de los mamíferous y reptiles fósiles denominados for D. Augusto BRAVARD y mencionados en su obra precedente. Anales del Museo Nacional de Buenos Aires 3 14 (1885) 95-174
11. Campbell Jr. K.E. The late Pleistocene of South America: a new approach. Brazilian Association of Quaternary Studies (ABEQUA), Special Publication 1 (1989) 118-124
12. Campbell Jr. K.E. The geologic basis of biogeographic patterns in Amazonia. In: Peters G., and Hutterer R. (Eds). Vertebrates in the Tropics. Proceeding of the International Symposium on Vertebrate Biogeography and Systematics in the Tropics, Bonn, June 5-8, 1989 (1990) 33-43
13. Campbell Jr. K.E. A new species of giant anhinga (Aves: Pelecaniformes: Anhingidae) from the Upper Miocene (Huayquerian) of Amazonian Peru. Contributions in Science, Natural History Museum of Los Angeles County 460 (1996) 1-9
14. Campbell Jr. K.E., and Frailey C.D. Holocene flooding and species diversity in southwestern Amazonia. Quaternary Research 21 (1984) 369-375
15. Campbell Jr. K.E., and Frailey C.D. Paleontological investigation in southeastern Peru. Research Reports-National Geographic Society 18 (1985) 189-199
16. Campbell Jr. K.E., and Romero-P. L. Geología del cuaternario del Departamento de Madre de Dios [Perú]. Boletín de la Sociedad Geológica del Perú 79 (1989) 53-61
17. Campbell Jr. K.E., Frailey C.D., and Arellano-L. J. The geology of the Rio Beni: further evidence for Holocene flooding in Amazonia. Contributions in Science, Natural History Museum of Los Angeles County 364 (1985) 1-18
18. Campbell Jr. K.E., Grieve R.A.F., Pacheco-Z. J., and Garvin J.B. A newly discovered possible impact structure in Amazonian Bolivia. National Geographic Research 5 (1989) 495-499
19. Campbell Jr. K.E., Frailey C.D., and Romero-P. L. The Late Miocene gomphothere Amahuacatherium peruvium (Proboscidea: Gomphotheriidae) from Amazonian Peru: implications for the Great American Faunal Interchange. Boletín-Instituto Geológico Minero y Metalúrgico. Serie D: Estudios Regionales 23 (2000) 1-152
20. Campbell Jr. K.E., Heizler M., Frailey C.D., Romero-P. L., and Prothero D.R. Upper Cenozoic chronostratigraphy of the southwestern Amazon Basin. Geology 29 7 (2001) 595-598
21. Caputo M.V. Solimões megashear: intraplate tectonics in northwestern Brazil. Geology 19 (1991) 246-249
22. Castro J.C.d., Miura K., and Braga J.A.E. Stratigraphic and structural framework of the Foz do Amazonas Basin. Tenth Annual Offshore Technology Conference vol. 3 (1978) 1843-1847
23. Cione A.L., Azpelicueta M., Bond M., Carlini A.A., Casciotta J.R., Cozzuol M.A., Fuente M., Gasparini Z., Goin F.J., Noriega J., Scillato-Yané G.J., Soibelzon L., Tonni E.P., Verzi D., and Vucetich M.G. Miocene vertebrates from Paraná, eastern Argentina. In: Aceñolaza F.G., and Herbst R. (Eds). El Neógeno de Argentina. INSUGEO, Serie Correlación Geológica vol. 14 (2001), Tucumán, Argentina 191-237
24. Coleman J.M. Deltas. Processes of Deposition and Models for Exploration (1981), Burgess Publishing Company, Minneapolis 124 pp.
25. Cozzuol, M.A., in press. The Acre vertebrate fauna: age, diversity and geography. Journal of South America Earth Science.
26. Cozzuol M.A., and Silva S.A.F. The Biotic Diversity of the Neogene Solimões Formation, Problems and Data (2003), 3rd Latinamerican Congress of Sedimentology, Belém, Brazil
27. Czaplewski N.J. Opossums (Didelphidae) and bats (Noctilionidae and Molossidae) from the Late Miocene of the Amazon Basin. Journal of Mammalogy 77 1 (1996) 84-94
28. Damuth J.E., and Flood R.D. Morphology, sedimentation processes, and growth pattern of the Amazon Deep-Sea Fan. Geo-Marine Letters 3 (1984) 109-117
29. Damuth J.E., and Kumar N. Amazon Cone: morphology, sediments, age, and growth pattern. Geological Society of America Bulletin 86 (1975) 863-878
30. Davis Jr. L.C. The Amazon's rate of flow. Natural History 73 (1964) 14-19
31. Dobson D.M., Dickens G.R., and Rea D.K. Terrigenous sediment at Ceara Rise. In: Shackleton N.J., Curry W.B., Richter C., and Bralower T.J. (Eds). Proceeding of the Ocean Drilling Program, Scientific Results vol. 154 (1997), Ocean Drilling Program, College Station, TX 465-473
32. Dobson D.M., Dickens G.R., and Rea D.K. Terrigenous sediment on Ceara Rise: a Cenozoic record of South American orogeny and erosion. Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology 165 (2001) 215-229
33. Douglas J.A. The geology of the Marcapata Valley in eastern Perú. Quarterly Journal of the Geological Society of London 89 (1933) 308-354
34. Dumont J.F. Neotectonica y dinamica fluvial de la Baja Amazonia Peruana. Boletín de la Sociedad Geológica del Perú 80 (1989) 51-64
35. Dumont J.F., and Garcia F. Active subsidence controlled by basement structures in the Marañón Basin of northeastern Peru. Land Subsidence (Proceeding of the Fourth International Symposium on Land Subsidence, May 1991). IAHS Publication vol. 200 (1991) 343-350
36. Dumont J.F., Lamotte S., and Fournier M. Neotectónica del Arco de Iquitos (Jenaro Herrera, Perú). Boletín de la Sociedad Geológica del Perú 77 (1988) 7-17
37. Dumont J.F., Deza E., and Garcia F. Morphostructural provinces and neotectonics in the Amazonian lowlands of Perú. Journal of South American Earth Sciences 4 4 (1991) 373-381
38. Dury G.H. Principles of underfit streams. U.S. Geological Survey Professional Paper 452-A (1964) A1-A67
39. Ellison R.A., Klinck B.A., and Hawkins M.P. Deformation events in the Andean orogenic cycle in the Altiplano and Western Cordillera, southern Peru. Journal of South American Earth Sciences 2 3 (1989) 263-276
40. Fields R.W. Hystricomorph rodents from the late Miocene of Colombia, South America. University of California Publications in Geological Sciences 32 (1957) 273-403
41. Frailey C.D. Late Miocene and Holocene mammals, exclusive of the Notoungulata, of the Rio Acre region, western Amazonia. Contributions in Science, Natural History Museum of Los Angeles County 374 (1986) 1-46
42. Frailey C.D. Neogene paleogeography of the Amazon Basin. TER-QUA Symposium Series 3 (2002) 71-97
43. Frailey C.D., Lavina E., Rancy A., and Souza Filho J.d. A proposed Pleistocene/Holocene lake in the Amazon Basin and its significance to Amazonian geology and biogeography. Acta Amazonica 18 3-4 (1988) 119-143
44. Gaffney E.S., Campbell K.E., and Wood R.C. Pelomedusoid side-necked turtles from late Miocene sediments in southwestern Amazonia. American Museum of Natural History, Novitates 3245 (1998) 1-11
45. Galvis J., Huguett A., and Ruge P. Geología de la Amazonia Colombiana. Boletín Geológico, Bogotá 22 (1979) 1-86
46. Garver J.I., Reiners P.W., Walker L.J., Ramage J.M., and Perry S.E. Implications for timing of Andean uplift from thermal resetting of radiation-damaged zircon in the Cordillera Huayhuash, northern Peru. The Journal of Geology 113 (2005) 117-138
47. Gingras M.K., Räsänen M., and Ranzi A. The significance of bioturbated inclined heterolithic stratification in the southern part of the Miocene Solimoes Formation, Rio Acre, Amazonia Brazil. Palaios 17 (2002) 591-601
48. Gold, O., 1967. Pesquisa preliminary de carvão ou linhito na Bacia Terciária do Alto Amazonas, Alemanha. Relatório Final. 152 pp. (not seen).
49. Gregory-Wodzicki K.M. Uplift history of the Central and Northern Andes: a review. Geological Society of America Bulletin 112 (2000) 1091-1105
50. Gubbels T.L., Isacks B.L., and Farrar E. High-level surfaces, plateau uplift, and foreland development, Bolivian central Andes. Geology 21 (1993) 695-698
51. Guerrero J. Stratigraphy, sedimentary environments, and the Miocene uplift of the Colombian Andes. In: Kay R.F., Madden R.H., Cifelli R.L., and Flynn J.J. (Eds). Vertebrate Paleontology in the Neotropics. The Miocene Fauna of La Venta, Colombia (1997), Smithsonian Institution Press, Washington 15-43
52. Guizado J. Las molasas del pliocenico-cuaternarios del Oriente Peruano. Boletín de la Sociedad Geológica del Peru 45 (1975) 25-44
53. Hardenbol J., Thierry J., Farley M.B., Jacquin T., de Graciansky P.-C., and Vail P.R. Mesozoic and Cenozoic sequence chronostratigraphic chart: Chart 1. In: de Graciansky P.-C., Hardenbol J., Jacquin T., and Vail P.R. (Eds). Mesozoic and Cenozoic Sequence Stratigraphy of European Basins. SEPM Special Publication vol. 60 (1998)
54. Harris S.E., and Mix A.C. Climate and tectonic influences on continental erosion of tropical South America, 0-13 Ma. Geology 30 (2002) 447-450
55. Harris S.E., Mix A.C., and King T. Biogenic and terrigenous sedimentation at Ceara Rise, western tropical Atlantic, supports Pliocene-Pleistocene deep-water linkage between hemispheres. In: Shackleton N.J., Curry W.B., Richter C., and Bralower T.J. (Eds). Proceeding of the Ocean Drilling Program, Scientific Results vol. 154 (1997), Ocean Drilling Program, College Station, TX 331-345
56. Haug G.H., and Tiedemann R. Effect of the formation of the Isthmus of Panama on Atlantic Ocean thermohaline circulation. Nature 393 (1998) 673-676
57. Haug G.H., Tiedemann R., Zahn R., and Ravelo A.C. Role of Panama uplift on oceanic freshwater balance. Geology 29 (2001) 207-210
58. Hoorn C. Marine incursions and the influence of Andean tectonics on the Miocene depositional history of northwestern Amazonia: results of a palynostratigraphic study. Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology 105 (1993) 267-309
59. Hoorn C. Fluvial palaeoenvironments in the intracratonic Amazonian Basin (Early Miocene-early Middle Miocene, Colombia). Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology 109 (1994) 1-54
60. Hoorn C. An environmental reconstruction of the palaeo-Amazon River system (Middle-Late Miocene, NW Amazonia). Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology 112 (1994) 187-238
61. Hoorn C. Miocene deposits in the Amazonian foreland basin: technical comment. Science 273 (1996) 122-123
62. Hoorn C., Guerrero J., Sarmiento G.A., and Lorente M.A. Andean tectonics as a cause for changing drainage patterns in Miocene northern South America. Geology 23 (1995) 237-240
63. Horton B.K., and DeCelles P.G. Modern and ancient fluvial megafans in the foreland basin system of the central Andes, southern Bolivia: implications for drainage network evolution in fold-thrust belts. Basin Research 13 (2001) 43-61
64. Hovikoski J., Räsänen M., Gingras M., Roddaz M., Brusset S., Hermoza W., and Romero Pittman L. Miocene semidiurnal tidal rhythmites in Madre de Dios, Peru. Geology 33 (2005) 177-180
65. Howard A.D. Photogeologic interpretation of structure in the Amazon Basin: a test study. Geological Society of America Bulletin 76 (1965) 395-406
66. Hungerbühler D., Steinmann J., Winkler W., Seward D., Egüez A., Peterson D.E., Helg U., and Hammer C. Neogene stratigraphy and Andean geodynamics of southern Ecuador. Earth-Science Reviews 57 (2002) 75-124
67. Jacques J.M. A tectonostratigraphic synthesis of the Sub-Andean basins: implications for the geotectonic segmentation of the Andean Belt. Journal of the Geological Society (London) 160 (2003) 687-701
68. Jacques J.M. A tectonostratigraphic synthesis of the Sub-Andean basins: inferences on the position of South American intraplate accommodation zones and their control on South Atlantic opening. Journal of the Geological Society (London) 160 (2003) 703-717
69. Jaillard E., Hérail G., Monfret T., Díaz-Martínez E., Baby P., Lavenu A., and Dumont J.F. Tectonic evolution of the Andes of Ecuador, Peru, Bolivia and northernmost Chile. In: Cordani U.G., Milani E.J., Filho A.T., and Campos D.A. (Eds). Tectonic Evolution of South America. 31st International Geological Congress, Rio de Janeiro (2000) 481-559
70. Katzer F. Grundzüge der Geologie de unteren Amazonasgebietes (1903), Verlag von Max Weg, Leipzig 296 pp.
71. Kay R.F., and Frailey C.D. Large fossil platyrrhines from the Rio Acre local fauna, late Miocene, western Amazonia. Journal of Human Evolution 25 (1993) 319-327
72. Keller G., and Barron J.A. Paleoceanographic implication of Miocene deep-sea hiatuses. Geological Society of America Bulletin 94 (1983) 590-613
73. Kennen L., Lamb S.H., and Hoke L. High-altitude palaeosurfaces in the Bolivian Andes: evidence for late Cenozoic surface uplift. In: Widdowson M. (Ed). Palaeosurfaces: Recognition, Reconstruction and Palaeoenvironmental Interpretation. Geological Society Special Publication vol. 120 (1997) 307-323
74. Khobzi J., Kroonenberg S., Faivre P., and Weeda A. Aspectos Geomorfológicos de la Amazonia y Orinoquia. Revista CIAF (Bogotá) 5 1 (1980) 97-126
75. Kiegwin L. Isotopic paleoceanography of the Caribbean and East Pacific: role of Panama uplift in late Neogene time. Science 217 (1982) 350-353
76. King T.A., Ellis Jr. W.G., Murray D.W., Shackleton N.J., and Harris S.E. Miocene evolution of carbonate sedimentation at the Ceara Rise: a multivariate data/proxy approach. In: Shackleton N.J., Curry W.B., Richter C., and Bralower T.J. (Eds). Proceeding of the Ocean Drilling Program, Scientific Results vol. 154 (1997), Ocean Drilling Program, College Station, TX 349-365
77. Koch E. Unas apuntes sobre la geomorphología del Río Ucayali (Oriente Peruana). Boletín de la Sociedad Geológica del Peru 34 (1959) 32-41
78. Koch E. Geología del campo petrolifero Maquia en el oriente del Peru y su ubicación regional. Boletín de la Sociedad Geológica del Peru 34 (1959) 42-58
79. Kraglievich J.L. Spéciation phylétique dans les rongeurs fossiles du genre Eumysops Amegh. (Echimyidae, Heteropsomyinae). Mammalia 29 (1965) 258-267
80. Kummel B. Geological Reconnaissance of the Contamana Region, Peru. Geological Society of America Bulletin 69 (1948) 1217-1266
81. Latrubesse E.M., Bocquentin J., Santos J.C.R., and Romonell C.G. Paleoenvironmental model for the late Cenozoic of southwestern Amazonia: paleontology and geology. Acta Amazonica 27 2 (1997) 103-118
82. Leier A.L., DeCelles P.G., and Pelletier J.D. Mountains, monsoons, and megafans. Geology 33 (2005) 289-292
83. Leytón-D. F., and Pacheco-Z. J. Geología del cuaternario-terciario aflorante en el Río Madre de Dios (Deptos.: Pando-La Paz-Beni). Sociedad Geológica Boliviana, Memorias, Publicación Especial, Tomo I (1989) 328-352
84. Linares O.J. Bioestratigrafia de la fauna de mamiferos de las formaciones Socorro, Urumaco y Codore (mioceno medio-plioceno temparano) de la region de Urumaco, Falcon, Venezuela. Paleobiologia Neotropical 1 (2004) 1-26
85. Lundberg J.G., Marshall L.G., Guerrero J., Horton B., Malabarba M.S.L., and Wesselingh F. The stage for Neotropical fish diversification: a history of tropical South American rivers. In: Malabarba L.R., Reis R.E., Vari R.P., Lucena Z.M., and Lucena C.A.S. (Eds). Phylogeny and Classification of Neotropical Fishes (1998), Edipucrs, Porto Alegre 13-48
86. Maia, R.G., Godoy, H.K., Yamaguti, H.S., Moura, P.A.F. de, Costa, S. da, Holanda, M.A. de, Costa, J., 1977. Projeto Carvão no Alto Solimões. Relatorio Final. Companhia de Pesquisa de Recursos Minerais-Departamento Nacional da Produçáo Mineral. 142 pp.
87. Marshall L.G. A model for paleobiogeography of South America cricetine rodents. Paleobiology 5 (1979) 126-132
88. Marshall L.G., and Cifelli R.L. Analysis of changing diversity patterns in Cenozoic land mammal age faunas, South America. Palaeovertebrata 19 (1990) 169-210
89. Marshall L.G., and Lundberg J. Miocene deposits in the Amazonian foreland basin: technical comment. Science 273 (1996) 123-124
90. Marshall L.G., and Sempere T. Evolution of the Neotropical Cenozoic land mammal fauna in its geochronologic, stratigraphic and tectonic context. In: Goldblatt P. (Ed). Biological Relationships Between Africa and South America (1993), Yale University Press, New Haven 329-392
91. Mathalone J.M.P., and Montoya-R. M. Petroleum Geology of the Sub-Andean Basins of Peru. In: Tankard A.J., Suárez-S. R., and Welsink H.J. (Eds). Petroleum Basins of South America. American Association Petroleum Geologists Memoir vol. 62 (1995) 423-444
92. Mégard F. The Andean orogenic period and its major structures in central and northern Peru. Journal of the Geological Society (London) 141 (1984) 893-900
93. Mégard F. Structure and evolution of the Peruvian Andes. In: Schaer J.P., and Rodgers J. (Eds). The Anatomy of Mountain Ranges (1987), Princeton University Press, Princeton 179-210
94. Miall A.D. Principles of Sedimentary Basin Analysis (1984), Springer-Verlag, New York 490 pp.
95. Miura K. Possibilidades petrolíferas da Bacia do Acre. Anais do XXVI Congresso Brasileiro de Geologia, Belém 3 (1972) 15-20
96. Mones A., and Toledo P.M. Primer hallazgo Euphilus Ameghino, 1889 (Mammalia: Rodentia: Neoepiblemidae) en el Neogeno del Estado de Acre, Brasil. Comunicaciones Paleontológicas del Museo de Historia Natural de Montevideo 2 21 (1989) 1-15
97. Negri F.R., and Ferigolo J. Anatomia craniana de Neoepiblema ambrosettianus (Ameghino, 1889) (Rodentia, Caviomorpha, Neoepiblemidae) do Mioceno Superior-Plioceno, Estado do Acre, Brasil, e revisão das espécies do gênero. Boletim do Museu Paraense Emílio Goeldi 2 (1999) 3-80
98. Noble D.C., McKee E.H., Mourier T., and Mégard F. Cenozoic stratigraphy, magmatic activity, compressive deformation, and uplift in northern Peru. Geological Society of America Bulletin 102 (1990) 1105-1113
99. Noblet C., Lavenu A., and Marocco R. Concept of continuum as opposed to periodic tectonism in the Andes. Tectonophysics 255 (1996) 65-78
100. ONERN, 1972. Inventário, evaluación e integración de los recursos naturales de la zona de los ríos Inambari y Madre de Dios. Oficina Nacional de Evaluación de Recursos Naturales (ONERN), República del Perú, Lima, Perú. 296 pp.
101. ONERN, 1977. Inventário, evaluación e integración de los recursos naturales de la Zona Iberia-Iñapari. Oficina Nacional de Evaluación de Recursos Naturales (ONERN), República del Perú, Lima, Perú. 334 pp.
102. Oppenheim V. Geological reconnaissance in southeastern Peru. Bulletin of the American Association of Petroleum Geologists 30 (1946) 254-264
103. Pardo A.A., and Zuñiga F. Estratigrafía y evolución tectónica de la region de la selva del Perú: Parte II. Mesozoico y Cenozoico. Segundo Congreso Latinoamericano de Geología, Memorias. Boletín Geológico, Caracas, Publicación Especial 7 (1976) 588-608
104. Pardo-Casas F., and Molnar P. Relative motion of the Nazca (Farallon) and South American plates since late Cretaceous time. Tectonics 6 (1987) 233-248
105. Patchineelam S.M., and Figueiredo A.G.d. Preferential settling of smectite on the Amazon continental shelf. Geo-Marine Letters 20 (2000) 37-42
106. Paula Couto C.d. Mamíferos fósseis do Cenozóico da Amazônia. Boletin, Conselho Nacional de Pesquisas, Rio de Janeiro 3 (1956) 1-121
107. Paula Couto C.d. Fossil mammals from the Cenozoic of Acre, Brazil. 2. Rodentia Caviomorpha Dinomyidae. Iheringia. Série Geologia 5 (1978) 3-17
108. Paula Couto C.d. Fossil mammals from the Cenozoic of Acre, Brazil: IV. Notoungulata Notohippidae, and Toxodontidae Nesodontinae. Congresso Latino-Americano de Paleontologia, Porto Alegre, Anais 1 (1981) 461-477
109. Paula Couto C.d. Fossil mammals from the Cenozoic of Acre, Brazil: V. Notoungulata Nesodontinae (II) Toxodontinae and Haplodontheriinae, and Litopterna, Pyrotheria and Astrapotheria (II). Iheringia. Série Geologia 7 (1982) 5-43
110. Paula Couto C.d. Fossil mammals from the Cenozoic of Acre, Brazil: VI. Edentata Cingulata. Iheringia. Série Geologia 8 (1983) 33-49
111. Paula Couto C.d. Fossil mammals from the Cenozoic of Acre, Brazil. VII. Miscellanea. Iheringia. Série Geologia 8 (1983) 101-120
112. Paxton C.G.M., Crampteon W.G.R., and Burgess P. Miocene deposits in the Amazonian foreland basin: technical comment. Science 273 (1996) 123
113. Pilger Jr. R.H. Cenozoic plate kinematics, subduction and magmatism: South American Andes. Journal of the Geological Society (London) 141 (1984) 793-802
114. Räsänen M.E., Salo J.S., and Kalliola R.J. Fluvial perturbance in the western Amazon Basin: regulation by long-term sub-Andean tectonics. Science 238 (1987) 1398-1401
115. Räsänen M.E., Salo J.S., Jungner H., and Romero-Pittman L. Evolution of the Western Amazon lowland relief: impact of Andean foreland dynamics. Terra Nova 2 (1990) 320-332
116. Räsänen M.E., Neller R., Salo J., and Jungner H. Recent and ancient fluvial deposition systems in the Amazonian foreland basin, Perú. Geological Magazine 129 3 (1992) 293-306
117. Räsänen M.E., Linna A.M., Santos J.C.R., and Negri F.R. Late Miocene tidal deposits in the Amazonian Foreland Basin. Science 269 (1995) 386-390
118. Räsänen M.E., Linna A.M., Irion G., Rebata L.-H., Vargas R.-H., and Wesselingh F. Geología y geoformas de la zona de Iquitos. In: Kalliola R., and Flores S.-P. (Eds). Geoecología y desarrollo Amazónico: estudio integrado en la zona de Iquitos, Perú. Annales Universitatis Turkuensis Ser A II vol. 114 (1998) 59-137
119. Reig O. A new fossil genus of South American cricetid rodents allied to Wiedomys, with an assessment of the Sigmodontinae. Journal of Zoology, London 192 (1980) 257-281
120. Reig O. Diversity patterns and differentiation of high Andean rodents. In: Vuilleumier F., and Monasterios M. (Eds). High Altitude Tropical Biogeography (1986), Oxford University Press, Oxford 404-439
121. Roddaz M., Baby P., Brusset S., Hermoza W., and Darrozes J.M. Forebulge dynamics and environmental control in Western Amazonia: the case study of the Arch of Iquitos (Peru). Tectonophysics 399 (2005) 87-108
122. Romero-Pittman L. Paleontologia de Vertebrados. In: Palacios-M. O., Molina-G. O., Galloso-C. A., and Reyna-L. C. (Eds). Geología de los cuadrangulos de Puerto Luz, Colorado, Laberinto, Puerto Maldonado, Quincemil, Masuco, Astillero y Tambopata. Instituto Geológico Minero y Metalúrgico, Carta Geológica Nacional, Boletín, Serie A vol. 81 (1996) 171-178
123. Rossetti D., Toledo P.M., and Góes A.M. New geological framework for Western Amazonia (Brazil) and implications for biogeography and evolution. Quaternary Research 63 (2005) 78-89
124. Rüegg W. Rasgos geológicos y geomorfológicos de la depresión del Ucayali y Amazonas Superior. Revista de la Asociación Geológica de Argentina 7 (1952) 106-124
125. Rüegg W. Geología y petróleo en la faja subandina Peruana. Simposia Sobre Yacimientos de Petróleo y Gas, XX Congreso Geológico International IV, Mexico (1956) 89-139
126. Rüegg W., and Rosenzweig A. Contribución a la geología de las formaciones modernas de Iquitos y de la Amazonia Superior. Boletín de la Sociedad Geológica del Peru, Volumen Jubilar Parte II 3 (1949) 1-24
127. Santos J.O.S. Considerações sobre a bacia cenozõica Solimões. Anais do XXVIII Congresso, Sociedade Brasileira de Geologia, Pôrto Alegre vol. 3 (1974) 3-11
128. Santos J.O.S., and Silva L.L. O exogeossinclíneo andino e a Formação Solimões. Anais do XXIX Congresso, Sociedade Brasileira de Geologia vol. 1 (1976) 135-147
129. Schneider R.R., Müller P.J., Schlünz B., Segl M., Showers W.J., and Wefer G. Upper Quaternary western Atlantic paleoceanography and terrigenous sedimentation on the Amazon Fan: a view from stable isotopes of planktonic foraminifers and bulk organic matter. In: Flood R.D., Piper D.J.W., Klaus A., and Peterson L.C. (Eds). Proceeding of the Ocean Drilling Program, Scientific Results vol. 155 (1997), Ocean Drilling Program, College Station, TX 319-333
130. In: Schobbenhaus C., Almeida Campos D.d., Derze G.R., and Asmus H.E. (Eds). Geologia do Brasil (1984), Departamento Nacional da Produção Mineral, Brasilia 501 pp.
131. Sébrier M., and Soler P. Tectonics and magmatism in the Peruvian Andes from late Oligocene time to the Present. Special Paper-Geological Society of America 265 (1991) 259-278
132. Sébrier M., Lavenu A., Fornari M., and Soulas J.-P. Tectonics and uplift in Central Andes (Peru, Bolivia and Northern Chile) from Eocene to present. Géodynamique 3 1/2 (1988) 85-106
133. Servant M., Sempere T., Argollo J., Bernat M., Feraud G., and Lo Bello P. Morphogenese et soulevement des Andes de Bolivie au Cenozoique. Comptes Rendus de l'Academie des Sciences de Paris 309 (1989) 417-422
134. Shackleton N.J., and Hall M.A. The late Miocene stable isotope record, Site 926. In: Shackleton N.J., Curry W.B., Richter C., and Bralower T.J. (Eds). Proceedings of the Ocean Drilling Program, Scientific Results vol. 154 (1997), Ocean Drilling Program, College Station, TX 465-473
135. In: Shackleton N.J., Curry W.B., Richter C., and Bralower T.J. (Eds). Proceeding of the Ocean Drilling Project, Scientific Results vol. 154 (1997), Ocean Drilling Program, College Station, TX 552 pp.
136. Shipboard Scientific Party. Leg 154 synthesis. In: Curry W.B., Shackleton N.J., and Richter C. (Eds). Proceeding of the Ocean Drilling Program, Initial Reports vol. 154 (1995), Ocean Drilling Project, College Station, TX 421-442
137. Silva L.L. A estratigrafia da Formação Solimões: uma análise crítica. Anais do XXXV Congresso Brasileiro de Geologia Belém. Pará vol. 2 (1988) 725-737
138. Simpson G.G. The supposed Pliocene Pebas beds of the Upper Juruá River, Brazil. Journal of Paleontology 35 (1961) 620-624
139. Simpson G.G. Splendid Isolation: The Curious History of South American Mammals (1980), Yale University Press, New Haven 266 pp.
140. Simpson G.G., and Paula Couto C.d. Fossil mammals from the Cenozoic of Acre, Brazil: III. Pleistocene Edentata Pilosa, Proboscidea, Sirenia, Perissodactyla and Artiodactyla. Iheringia. Série Geologia 6 (1981) 11-73
141. Sioli H. The Amazon and its main affluents: hydrography, morphology of the river courses, and river types. In: Sioli H. (Ed). The Amazon. Limnology and Landscape Ecology of a Might Tropical River and its Basin (1984), W. Junk Publishers, Dordrecht 127-165
142. Spikings R.A., Seward D., Winkler W., and Ruiz G.M. Low-temperature thermochronology of the northern Cordillera Real, Ecuador: tectonic insights from zircon and apatite fission track analysis. Tectonics 19 (2000) 649-668
143. Spikings R.A., Winkler W., Seward D., and Handler R. Along-strike variations in the thermal and tectonic response of the continental Ecuadorian Andes to the collision with heterogeneous oceanic crust. Earth and Planetary Science Letters 186 (2001) 57-73
144. Steinmann M., Hungerbühler D., Seward D., and Winkler W. Neogene tectonic evolution and exhumation of the southern Ecuadorian Andes; a combined stratigraphy and fission-track approach. Tectonophysics 307 (1999) 255-276
145. Sternberg H.O. Vales Tectônicos na Planície Amazônica?. Revista Brasileira de Geografia 4 (1950) 511-534
146. Stewart J.W. Neogene peralkaline igneous activity in eastern Peru. Geological Society of America Bulletin 82 (1971) 2307-2312
147. Thorson T.B. The status of the bull shark, Carcharhinus leucas, in the Amazon River. Copeia 1972 3 (1972) 601-605
148. Tiedemann R., and Franz S.O. Deep-water circulation, chemistry, and terrigenous sediment supply in the equatorial Atlantic during the Pliocene, 3.3-2.6 and 5.4.5 Ma. In: Shackleton N.J., Curry W.B., Richter C., and Bralower T.J. (Eds). Proceeding of the Ocean Drilling Program, Scientific Results vol. 154 (1997), Ocean Drilling Program, College Station, TX 299-318
149. Tosdal R.M., Clark A.H., and Farrar E. Cenozoic polyphase landscape and tectonic evolution of the Cordillera Occidental, southernmost Peru. Geological Society of America Bulletin 95 (1984) 1318-1332
150. Tschopp H.J. Oil explorations in the Oriente of Ecuador 1938-1950. Bulletin of the American Association of Petroleum Geologists 37 10 (1953) 2303-2347
151. Tye R.S., and Coleman J.M. Depositional processes and stratigraphy of fluvially dominated lacustrine deltas: Mississippi Delta Plain. Journal of Sedimentary Petrology 59 (1989) 973-996
152. Tye R.S., and Coleman J.M. Evolution of Atchafalaya lacustrine deltas, south-central Louisiana. Sedimentary Geology 65 (1989) 95-112
153. Vonhof H.B., Wesselingh F.P., and Ganssen G.M. Reconstruction of the Miocene western Amazonian aquatic system using molluscan isotopic signatures. Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology 141 (1998) 85-93
154. Vonhof H.B., Wesselingh F.P., Kaandorp R., Davies G., van Hinte J., Guerrero J., Räsänen M., Romero-Pittman L., and Ranzi A. Paleogeography of Miocene western Amazonia: isotopic composition of molluscan shells constrains the influence of marine incursions. Geological Society of America Bulletin 115 (2003) 983-993
155. Vrba E.S. Mammal evolution in the African Neogene and a new look at the Great American Interchange. In: Goldblatt P. (Ed). Biological Relationships between Africa and South America (1993), Yale University Press, New Haven 393-432
156. Walton A. Rodents. In: Kay R.F., Madden R.H., Cifelli R.L., and Flynn J.J. (Eds). Vertebrate Paleontology in the Neotropics, The Miocene Fauna of La Venta, Colombia (1997), Smithsonian Institution Press, Washington 392-409
157. Webb S.D., and Rancy A. Late Cenozoic evolution of the Neotropical mammal fauna. In: Jackson J.B.C., Budd A.F., and Coates A.G. (Eds). Evolution and Environment in Tropical America (1996), University of Chicago Press, Chicago 335-358
158. Wesselingh F.P., Räsänen M.E., Iron G., Vonhof H.B., Kaandorp R., Renema W., Romero Pittman L., and Gingras M. Lake Pebas: a palaeoecological reconstruction of a Miocene, long-lived lake complex in western Amazonia. Cainozoic Research 1 2001 (2002) 35-81