The violent destruction of community during the 'century of genocide'

European History Quarterly

Volumn 35, Issue 3, 2005, Pages 395-403

  Carmichael, Cathie ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY OF EAST ANGLIA   (United Kingdom)

Author keywords

Colonialism; Contemporary politics; Genocide; Marxism; Theory

Indexed keywords

EID: 33747199731     PISSN: 02656914     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1177/0265691405054216     Document Type: Article

References (35)

1. Eric Weitz, Century of Genocide: Utopias of Race and Nation (Princeton, NJ 2003)
2. Jürgen Zimmerer, 'Colonialism and the Holocaust: Towards an Archeology of Genocide', in A. Dirk Moses, Genocide and Settler Society: Frontier Violence and Stolen Indigenous Children in Australian History (New York 2004), 64
3. Vakahn Dadrian, The History of the Armenian Genocide: Ethnic Conflict from the Balkans to Anatolia to the Caucasus (6th edn, New York 2003), especially pp. 394-419
4. Dominik Schaller, 'Die Rezeption des Völkermordes an der Armeniern in Deutschland 1915-1945', in Hans-Lukas Kieser and Dominik J. Schaller, eds, Der Völkermord an den Armeniern und die Shoah (Zürich 2002), 517-55
5. Donald Bloxham, The Great Game of Genocide: Imperialism, Nationalism, and the Destruction of the Ottoman Armenians (Oxford 2005)
6. Annegret Ehmann, 'From Colonial Racism to Nazi Population Policy: The Role of the So-called Mischlinge', in Michael Berenbaum and Abraham Peck, eds, The Holocaust in History: The Known, the Unknown, the Disputed, and the Re-examined (Bloomington, IN 1998), 115-33
7. Jan Bart Gewald, 'Kolonisierung, Völkermord und Wiederkehr: Die Herero von Namibia 1890-1923', in Jürgen Zimmerer and Joachim Zeller, eds, Völkermord in Deutsch-Südwestafrik: Der Kolonialkrieg (1904-1908) in Namibia und seine Folgen (Berlin 2003), 105-20
8. A. Dirk Moses, 'Conceptual Blockages and Definitional Dilemmas in the Racial Century: Genocides of Indigenous Peoples and the Holocaust', Patterns of Prejudice, Vol. 36, No. 4 (2002), 7-36
9. Ho Chi Minh, 'Report on the National and Colonial Questions at the Fifth Congress of the Communist International', in Selected Writings 1920-1969 (Hanoi 1977), 35-6
10. Evgenii Preobrazhensky and Nikolai Bukharin, with an introduction by Edward Hallett Carr, The ABC of Communism (Harmondsworth 1969), 189
11. Antonio Gramsci, Cronache Torinesi 1913-1917, edited and selected by Sergio Caprioglio (Torino 1980), 184-6
12. Samuel Langhorne Clemens, King Leopold's Soliloquy: A Defence of His Congo Rule, by Mark Twain, with a preface and appendices by E.D. Morel and 16 illustrations (London 1907)
13. Steven L. Jacobs, 'Raphael Lemkin and the Armenian Genocide', in Richard G. Hovannisian, ed., Looking Backward, Moving Forward: Confronting the Armenian Genocide (New Brunswick, NJ 2003), 127
14. Moses, op. cit., 8
15. A. Dirk Moses, 'Problems of Comparison', paper delivered on 14 January 2005 at the Conference 'Genocide: Forms, Causes and Consequences. The Namibian War (1904-08) in Historical Perspective', Haus der Kulturen der Welt, Berlin, 13-15 January 2005
16. Dan Stone, 'The Historiography of Genocide: Beyond "Uniqueness" and Ethnic Competition', Rethinking History, Vol. 8, No. 1 (Spring 2004), 134-5
17. Geoff Eley, 'Reviewing the Socialist Tradition', in Christina Lemke and Gary Marks, eds, The Crisis of Socialism in Europe (Durham NC 1992), 21-60
18. Norman M. Naimark, Fires of Hatred. Ethnic Cleansing in Twentieth Century Europe (Cambridge, MA 2001), 85-107
19. William D. Rubinstein asserts this point about Kampuchea for 1975-79 in his study Genocide (London 2004), 220-4
20. Mark Levene, 'The Changing Face of Mass Murder: Massacre, Genocide and Post-genocide', International Social Science Journal, Vol. 54, No. 174 (2002), 446, 451 fn. 6
21. Arjun Appadurai, 'Dead Certainty: Ethnic Violence in the Era of Globalization', Development and Change, Vol. 29 (1998), 920
22. Oskar Verkaaik, 'Fun and Violence: Ethnocide and the Effervescence of Collective Aggression', Social Anthropology, Vol. 11, No. 1 (2003), 21
23. E. Valentine Daniel, Charred Lullabies: Chapters of an Anthropography of Violence (Princeton, NJ 1996)
24. Daniele Conversi, 'Nationalism, Boundaries and Violence', Millennium: Journal of International Studies, Vol. 28, No. 3 (1999), 583
25. Ervin Staub, The Roots of Evil: The Origins of Genocide and other Group Violence (Cambridge 1989)
26. Christopher Browning in his Ordinary Men: Reserve Police Battalion 101 and the Final Solution in Poland (Harmondsworth 2001), 171-7, used the conclusions of Stanley Milgram from the 1960s on questions of deference and obedience to authority
27. Stevan M. Weine, When History Is a Nightmare: Lives and Memories of Ethnic Cleansing in Bosnia-Herzegovina (New Brunswick, NJ 1999)
28. Slavoj Žižek, The Sublime Object of Ideology (London 1989), 127
29. Slavoj Žižek, 'Eastern Europe's Republics of Gilead', New Left Review, Vol. 30, No. 183 (1990), 50-62
30. Michael Mann, The Dark Side of Democracy: Explaining Ethnic Cleansing (Cambridge 2005), ix
31. As Dirk Moses (op. cit., 10) aptly put it, 'Identity politics and academic enquiry are often conflated in polemical expressions of group trauma, and rancour sets the tone.'
32. In the German region of Brandenburg, teaching about the Armenian genocide has been removed from the curriculum after pressure from Turkish diplomats. See Regina Mönch, 'Brandenburg: Völkermord an Armeniern vom Lehrplan genommen', Frankfurter Allgemeine Zeitung, 25 January 2005, 33
33. Donald Bloxham, 'Dresden as a War Crime', in Paul Addison and Jeremy Crang, eds, Firestorm: The Bombing of Dresden, February 1945 (forthcoming 2005)
34. While based in Kigali in January 1994, United Nations General Roméo Dallaire was given a memorandum outlining the plans of the Rwandan government to register Tutsis in the capital. Dallaire believed his informant was predicting extermination and faxed the New York headquarters for permission to extend the UN mandate, which he was denied. The political will to prevent the events of spring 1994, in which more than 800,000, died simply was not there. See Samantha Power, 'A Problem from Hell' America and the Age of Genocide (New York 2002), 343-5
35. Yehuda Bauer, 'Comparisons with Other Genocides', in idem., Rethinking the Holocaust (New Haven, CT 2002), 67