The two-step Forbush decrease: An empirical model

Journal of Geophysical Research: Space Physics

Volumn 109, Issue A2, 2004, Pages

  Ifedili, S O ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY OF BENIN   (Nigeria)

Author keywords

Coronal mass ejections; Cosmic ray modulation; Interplanetary magnetic field variability; Interplanetary shocks; Magnetic clouds; Two step Forbush decreases

Indexed keywords

EID: 33747195108     PISSN: None     EISSN: 21699402     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1029/2002JA009814     Document Type: Article

References (30)

1. Barnden, L. R. (1973), The large-scale magnetic field configuration associated with Forbush decreases, Conf. Pap. Int. Cosmic Ray Conf. 13th, 2, 1277-1282.
2. Bavassano, B., M. Storini, N. Iucci, and M. Parisi (1989), Some properties of so-called magnetic cloud structures in the solar wind, Adv. Space Res., 9, 63-68.
3. Burlaga, L., E. Sittler, F. Mariani, and R. Schwenn (1981), Magnetic loop behind an interplanetary shock: Voyager, Helios, and IMP 8 observations, J. Geophys. Res., 86, 6673-6684.
4. Cane, H. V., and I. G. Richardson (1995), Cosmic ray decreases and solar wind disturbances during late October 1989, J. Geophys. Res., 100, 1755-1762.
5. Cane, H. V., I. G. Richardson, T. T. von Rosenvinge, and G. Wibberenz (1994), Cosmic ray decreases and shock structure: A multispacecraft study, J. Geophys. Res., 49, 21,429-21,441.
6. Dodson, H. W., and E. R. Hedeman (1971), Experimental, comprehensive flare index and its derivation for "major" flares, 1955-1969, Rep. UAG-14, World Data Cent. for Sol.-Terr. Phys., Boulder, Colo.
7. Feynman, J., and A. J. Hundhausen (1994), Coronal mass ejections and major solar flares: The great active center of March 1989, J. Geophys. Res., 99, 8451-8464.
8. Flueckiger, E. O. (1991), Solar and terrestrial modulation, Conf. Pap. Int. Cosmic Ray Conf. 22nd, 5, 273-291.
9. Gold, T. (1960), Energetic particle fluxes in the solar system near the earth, Astrophys. J. Suppl. Ser., 4, 406 pp.
10. Ifedili, S. O. (1996), Spacecraft measurement of Forbush decreases in the cosmic radiation, Sol. Phys., 168, 195-203.
11. Ifedili, S. O. (1997), Forbush decreases in the cosmic radiation: Measurement of the extent of the modulating region, Planet. Space Sci., 45, 511-514.
12. Ifedili, S. O. (1998), Cosmic-ray decreases and interplanetary disturbances during the solar magnetic polarity reversal in solar cycle 20, Sol. Phys., 180, 487-493.
13. Ifedili, S. O. (1999), Cosmic ray decreases and interplanetary disturbances during early November 1969, Planet. Space Sci., 47, 267-272.
14. Ifedili, S. O. (2001), Forbush decrease of June 8, 1969: Causes of the unusually long recovery, Earth Planets Space, 53, 993-999.
15. Iucci, N., S. Pinter, M. Parisi, M. Storini, and G. Villoresi (1986), The longitudinal asymmetry of the interplanetary perturbation producing Forbush decreases, Nuovo Cimento Soc. Ital. Fis. C, 9, 39-50.
16. Iucci, N., M. Parisi, C. Signorini, M. Storini, and G. Villoresi (1989), Shortterm cosmic ray increases and magnetic cloud-like structures during Forbush decreases, Astron. Astrophys. Suppl. Ser., 81, 367-391.
17. Jordan, S., A. Garcia, and V. Bumba (1997), Interpreting the large limb eruption of July 9, 1982, Sol. Phys., 173, 359-376.
18. Kadokura, A., and A. Nishida (1986), Two-dimensional numerical modeling of the cosmic ray storm, J. Geophys. Res., 91, 13-29.
19. King, J. H. (1977), Interplanetary Medium Data Book, Rep. NSSDC/WDC-A-R&S 77-04a, NASA Goddard Space Flight Cent., Greenbelt, Md.
20. King, J. H. (1983), Interplanetary Medium Data Book, Rep. NSSDC/WDC-A-R&S 83-01, NASA Goddard Space Flight Cent., Greenbejt, Md.
21. King, J. H., and N. E. Papitashvili (1994), Interplanetary Medium Data Book, Rep. NSSDC/WDC-A-R&S 94-08, NASA Goddard Space Flight Cent., Greenbelt, Md.
22. Lockwood, J. A. (1971), Forbush decreases in the cosmic radiation, Space Sci. Rev., 12, 688-715.
23. Lockwood, J. A., W. R. Webber, and H. Debrunner (1991), The rigidity dependence of Forbush decreases observed at the Earth, J. Geophys. Res., 96, 5447-5455.
24. Nishida, A. (1983), Numerical modeling of the energy spectrum of the cosmic ray Forbush decrease, J. Geophys. Res., 88, 785-791.
25. Parker, E. N. (1963), Interplanetary Dynamical Processes, Wiley-Interscience, Hoboken, N. J.
26. Rieger, E. (1998), CME or NOT: Nuclear emissions from major solar flares of March 1989 active region 5395, Sol. Phys., 180, 473-478.
27. Storini, M. (1990), Galactic cosmic-ray modulation and solar-terrestrial relationships, Nuovo Cimento Soc. Ital. Fis. C, 13, 103-124.
28. (Errata corrige, Nuovo Cimento Soc. Ital Fis. C, 14, 211, 1991.)
29. Storini, M. (2000), Transient phenomena in the heliosphere and terrestrial effects, AIP Conf. Proc., 516, 120-139.
30. Zhang, G., and L. F. Burlaga (1988), Magnetic clouds, geomagnetic disturbances, and cosmic ray decreases, J. Geophys. Res., 93, 2511-2518.