Temporal variability in winter travel patterns of yellowstone bison: The effects of road grooming

Ecological Applications

Volumn 16, Issue 4, 2006, Pages 1539-1554

  Bruggeman, Jason E ^a   Garrott, Robert A ^a   Bjornlie, Daniel D ^a   White, P J ^b   Watson, Fred G R ^c   Borkowski, John ^a  

^a MONTANA STATE UNIVERSITY   (United States)

^b NATIONAL PARK SERVICE   (United States)

^c CALIFORNIA STATE UNIVERSITY   (United States)

Author keywords

Akaike information criterion (AIC); Bison; Bison bison; Movements; Range expansion; Recreation; Road grooming, snowmobile; Travel; Winter; Yellowstone National Park, USA

Indexed keywords

ACTIVITY PATTERN; ENVIRONMENTAL FACTOR; FORAGING BEHAVIOR; GROOMING; MAMMAL; POPULATION DENSITY; ROADSIDE ENVIRONMENT; SNOW WATER EQUIVALENT; SPATIAL VARIATION; TEMPORAL VARIATION; WINTER;

MONTANA; NORTH AMERICA; UNITED STATES; WYOMING; YELLOWSTONE NATIONAL PARK;

BISON; BISON BISON; HYLOBATES SP.;

EID: 33747114319     PISSN: 10510761     EISSN: 10510761     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1890/1051-0761(2006)016[1539:TVIWTP]2.0.CO;2     Document Type: Article

References (73)

1. Altmann, J. 1974. Observational study of behavior: sampling methods. Behaviour 49:227-267.
2. Anderson, S. H. 1995. Recreational disturbance and wildlife populations. Pages 157-168 in R. L. Knight, and K. J. Gutzwiller, editors. Wildlife and recreationists: coexistence through management and research. Island Press, Washington, D.C., USA.
3. Aune, K. E. 1981. Impacts of winter recreationists on wildlife in a portion of Yellowstone National Park. Thesis. Montana State University, Bozeman, Montana USA.
4. Ball, J. P., C. Nordengren, and K. Wallin. 2001. Partial migration by large ungulates: characteristics of seasonal moose Alces alces ranges in northern Sweden. Wildlife Biology 7:39-47.
5. Baskin, Y. 1998. Home on the range. Bioscience 48:245-251.
6. Bjornlie, D. D. 2000. Ecological effects of winter road grooming on bison in Yellowstone National Park. Thesis. Montana State University, Bozeman, Montana, USA.
7. Bjornlie, D. D., and R. A. Garrott. 2001. Effects of winter road grooming on bison in Yellowstone National Park. Journal of Wildlife Management 65:560-572.
8. Borkowski, J., P. J. White, R. A. Garrott, T. Davis, A. Hardy, and D. J. Reinhart. 2006. Wildlife responses to motorized winter recreation in Yellowstone National Park. Ecological Applications, in press.
9. Boyle, S. A., and F. B. Samson. 1985. Effects of non-consumptive recreation on wildlife: a review. Wildlife Society Bulletin 13:110-116.
10. Burnham, K. P., and D. R. Anderson. 2002. Model selection and multi-model inference. Springer-Verlag, New York, New York, USA.
11. Campbell, B. H., and M. Hinkes. 1983. Winter diets and habitat use of Alaska bison after wildfire. Wildlife Society Bulletin 11:16-21.
12. Cassirer, E. F., D. J. Freddy, and E. D. Ables. 1992. Elk responses to disturbance by cross-country skiers in Yellowstone National Park. Wildlife Society Bulletin 20:375-381.
13. Cheville, N. F., D. R. McCulough, L. R. Paulson, N. Grossblatt, K. Iverson, and S. Parker. 1998. Brucellosis in the greater Yellowstone area. National Academy Press, Washington, D.C., USA.
14. Cole, D. N., and P. B. Landres. 1996. Threats to wilderness ecosystems: impacts and research needs. Ecological Applications 6:168-184.
15. Cordell, K. H., and G. R. Super. 2000. Trends in Americans' outdoor recreation. Pages 133-144 in W. C. Gartner, and D. W. Lime, editors. Trends in outdoor recreation, leisure, and tourism. CABI, New York, New York, USA.
16. Dailey, T. V., and N. T. Hobbs. 1989. Travel in alpine terrain: energy expenditures for locomotion by mountain goats and bighorn sheep. Canadian Journal of Zoology 67:2368-2375.
17. Despain, D. 1990. Yellowstone vegetation: consequences of environment and history in a natural setting. Roberts Rinehart, Boulder, Colorado, USA.
18. Doerr, J. G., E. J. DeGayner, and G. Ith. 2005. Winter habitat selection by Sitka black-tailed deer. Journal of Wildlife Management 69:322-331.
19. Dorrance, M. J., P. J. Savage, and D. E. Huff. 1975. Effects of snowmobiles on white-tailed deer. Journal of Wildlife Management 39:563-569.
20. Einum, S., and K. H. Nislow. 2005. Local-scale density-dependent survival of mobile organisms in continuous habitats: an experimental test using Atlantic salmon. Oecologia 143:203-210.
21. Etter, D. R., K. M. Hollis, T. R. Van Deelen, D. R. Ludwig, J. E. Chelsvig, C. L. Anchor, and R. E. Warner. 2002. Survival and movements of white-tailed deer in suburban Chicago, Illinois. Journal of Wildlife Management 66:500-510.
22. Farnes, P., C. Heydon, and K. Hansen. 1999. Snowpack distribution across Yellowstone National Park, Wyoming. Final report cooperative agreement number CA 1268-1-9014, Montana State University, Bozeman, Montana, USA.
23. Ferguson, M. A. D., and L. B. Keith. 1982. Influence of nordic skiing on distribution of moose and elk in Elk Island National Park, Alberta. Canadian Field-Naturalist 96:69-78.
24. Ferguson, M. A. D., R. G. Williamson, and F. Messier. 1998. Inuit knowledge of long-term changes in a population of Arctic tundra caribou. Arctic 51:201-219.
25. Ferrari, M. J. 1999. An assessment of the risk of inter-specific transmission of Brucella abortus from bison to elk on the Madison-Firehole winter range. Thesis. Montana State University, Bozeman, Montana, USA.
26. Flather, C. H., and H. K. Cordell. 1995. Outdoor recreation: historical and anticipated trends. Pages 3-16 in R. L. Knight, and K. J. Gutzwiller, editors. Wildlife and recreationists: coexistence through management and research. Island Press, Washington, D.C., USA.
27. Fortin, D., and M. Andruskiw. 2003. Behavioral response of free-ranging bison to human disturbance. Wildlife Society Bulletin 31:804-813.
28. Franklin, A. B., D. R. Anderson, R. J. Gutierrez, and K. P. Burnham. 2000. Climate, habitat, quality, and fitness in northern spotted owl populations in northwestern California. Ecological Monographs 70:539-590.
29. Freddy, D. J., W. M. Bronaugh, and M. C. Fowler. 1986. Responses of mule deer to disturbance by persons afoot and snowmobiles. Wildlife Society Bulletin 14:63-68.
30. Fretwell, S. D., and H. L. Lucas. 1969. On territorial behaviour and other factors influencing habitat distribution in birds. I. Theoretical development. Acta Biotheoretica 19:16-36.
31. Gabrielsen, G. W., and E. N. Smith. 1995. Physiological responses of wildlife to disturbance. Pages 95-107 in R. L. Knight, and K. J. Gutzwiller, editors. Wildlife and recreationists: coexistence through management and research. Island Press, Washington, D.C., USA.
32. Garber, S. D., and J. Burger. 1995. A 20-yr study documenting the relationship between turtle decline and human recreation. Ecological Applications 5:1151-1162.
33. Garrott, R. A., L. L. Eberhardt, P. J. White, and J. J. Rotella. 2003. Climate-induced variation in vital rates of an unharvested large-herbivore population. Canadian Journal of Zoology 81:33-45.
34. Gates, C. C., and N. C. Larter. 1990. Growth and dispersal of an erupting large herbivore population in northern Canada: the Mackenzie wood bison (Bison bison athabascae). Arctic 43:231-238.
35. Gates, C. C., B. Stelfox, T. Muhly, T. Chowns, and R. J. Hudson. 2005. The ecology of bison movements and distribution in and beyond Yellowstone National Park. University of Calgary Press, Alberta, Canada.
36. Hardy, A. R. 2001. Bison and elk responses to winter recreation in Yellowstone National Park. Thesis. Montana State University, Bozeman, Montana, USA.
37. Heard, D. C., and G. W. Calef. 1986. Population dynamics of the Kaminuriak caribou herd, 1968-1985. Rangifer Special Issue 1:159-166.
38. Hess, S. C. 2002. Aerial survey methodology for bison population estimation in Yellowstone National Park. Dissertation. Montana State University, Bozeman, Montana, USA.
39. Klein, D. R. 1991. Caribou in the changing north. Applied Animal Behaviour Science 29:279-291.
40. Knight, R. L., and D. N. Cole. 1995. Wildlife responses to recreationists. Pages 51-69 in R. L. Knight, and K. J. Gutzwiller, editors. Wildlife and recreationists: coexistence through management and research. Island Press, Washington, D.C., USA.
41. Kuck, L., G. L. Hompland, and E. H. Merrill. 1985. Elk calf response to simulated mine disturbance in Southeast Idaho. Journal of Wildlife Management 49:751-757.
42. Larter, N. C., and C. C. Gates. 1991. Diet and habitat selection of wood bison in relation to seasonal changes in forage quantity and quality. Canadian Journal of Zoology 69:2677-2685.
43. Lott, D. F., and M. McCoy. 1995. Asian rhinos Rhinoceros unicornis on the run? Impact of tourist visits on one population. Biological Conservation 73:23-26.
44. Mahoney, S. P., and J. A. Schaefer. 2002. Long-term changes in demography and migration of Newfoundland caribou. Journal of Mammalogy 83:957-963.
45. Meagher, M. 1973. The bison of Yellowstone National Park. Scientific Monograph Series Number 1. National Park Service, Washington, D.C., USA.
46. Meagher, M. 1986. Bison bison. Mammalian Species 266:1-8.
47. Meagher, M. 1993. Winter recreation-induced changes in bison numbers and distribution in Yellowstone National Park. Yellowstone National Park, Wyoming, USA.
48. Messer, M. A. 2003. Identifying large herbivore distribution mechanisms through application of fine-scale snow modeling. Thesis. Montana State University, Bozeman, Montana, USA.
49. Messier, F., J. Huot, D. LeHenaff, and S. Lettich. 1988. Demography of the George River caribou herd: evidence of population regulation by forage exploitation and range expansion. Arctic 41:279-287.
50. Morrison, J. R., W. J. deVergie, A. W. Alldredge, A. E. Byrne, and W. W. Andree. 1995. The effects of ski area expansion on elk. Wildlife Society Bulletin 23:481-489.
51. NPS [National Park Service], U.S. Department of the Interior. 2000a. Bison management plan for the State of Montana and Yellowstone National Park. Final environmental impact statement. National Park Service, Denver, Colorado, USA.
52. NPS [National Park Service], U.S. Department of the Interior. 2000b. Winter use plans for the Yellowstone and Grand Teton National Parks and John D. Rockefeller, Jr., Memorial Parkway. Final environmental impact statement. National Park Service, Denver, Colorado, USA.
53. NPS [National Park Service], U.S. Department of the Interior. 2004a. Environmental assessment. Temporary winter use plans for Grand Teton/Yellowstone National Parks and John D. Rockefeller, Jr., Memorial Parkway, Wyoming/Montana/Idaho. National Park Service Intermountain Regional Office, Lakewood, Colorado, USA.
54. NPS [National Park Service], U.S. Department of the Interior. 2004b. Special regulations, areas of the National Park system, final rule. Federal Register 69:65348-65366.
55. NRCS [Natural Resources Conservation Service] National Water and Climate Center. 2004. 〈http://www.wcc.nrcs.usda.gov/snotel/snotel.pl?sitenum= 609&state=mt〉, 〈http://www.wcc.nrcs.usda.gov/snotel/snotel.pl? sitenum=924&state=mt〉.
56. Nellemann, C., I. Vistnes, P. Jordhøy, O. Strand, and A. Newton. 2003. Progressive impact of piecemeal infrastructure development on wild reindeer. Biological Conservation 113:307-317.
57. O'Shea, T. J. 1995. Waterborne recreation and the Florida manatee. Pages 297-311 in R. L. Knight, and K. J. Gutzwiller, editors. Wildlife and recreationists: coexistence through management and research. Island Press, Washington, D.C., USA.
58. Parker, K. L., C. T. Robbins, and T. A. Hanley. 1984. Energy expenditures for locomotion by mule deer and elk. Journal of Wildlife Management 48:474-488.
59. Pettorelli, N., J. M. Gaillard, P. Duncan, D. Maillard, G. Van Laere, and D. Delorme. 2003. Age and density modify the effects of habitat quality on survival and movements of roe deer. Ecology 84:3307-3316.
60. Pruitt, W. O. 1959. Snow as a factor in the winter ecology of barren ground caribou. Arctic 12:158-179.
61. R Development Core Team. 2004. R: a language and environment for statistical computing. R Foundation for Statistical Computing, Vienna, Austria. 〈http://www.R-project.org〈.
62. Ramp, D., and G. Coulson. 2002. Density dependence in foraging habitat preference of eastern grey kangaroos. Oikos 98:393-402.
63. Reynolds, P. E. 1998. Dynamics and range expansion of a reestablished muskox population. Journal of Wildlife Management 62:734-744.
64. Stalmaster, M. V., and J. L. Kaiser. 1998. Effects of recreational activity on wintering bald eagles. Wildlife Monographs Number 137.
65. Steidl, R. J., and R. G. Anthony. 1996. Responses of Bald Eagles to human activity during the summer in interior Alaska. Ecological Applications 6:482-491.
66. Sweeney, J. M., and J. R. Sweeney. 1984. Snow depths influencing winter movements of elk. Journal of Mammalogy 65:524-526.
67. Taylor, A. R., and R. L. Knight. 2003. Wildlife responses to recreation and associated visitor perceptions. Ecological Applications 13:951-963.
68. United States District Court for the District of Columbia. 2003. Civil Action Number 02-2367 (EGS). Federal Register, Washington, D.C., USA.
69. Vaske, J. J., D. J. Decker, and M. J. Manfredo. 1995. Human dimensions of wildlife management: an integrated framework for coexistence. Pages 33-49 in R. L. Knight, and K. J. Gutzwiller, editors. Wildlife and recreationists: coexistence through management and research. Island Press, Washington, D.C., USA.
70. Wallace, L. L., M. G. Turner, W. H. Romme, R. V. O'Neill, and Y. Wu. 1995. Scale of heterogeneity of forage production and winter foraging by elk and bison. Landscape Ecology 10:75-83.
71. Watson, F. G. R., W. B. Newman, T. N. Anderson, A. Rodman, D. Ouren, J. Coughlan, and R. A. Garrott. 2002. A remote sensing map of Yellowstone's geothermals. Report number WI-2002-07. Watershed Institute, California State University Monterey Bay, Seaside, California, USA.
72. Whittington, J., C. C. St. Clair, and G. Mercer. 2005. Spatial responses of wolves to roads and trails in mountain valleys. Ecological Applications 15:543-553.
73. Wilmshurst, J. F., J. M. Fryxell, B. P. Farm, A. R. E. Sinclair, and C. P. Henschel. 1999. Spatial distribution of Serengeti wildebeest in relation to resources. Canadian Journal of Zoology 77:1223-1232.