Emerging roles for ectodomain shedding in the regulation of inflammatory responses

Journal of Leukocyte Biology

Volumn 79, Issue 6, 2006, Pages 1105-1116

  Garton, Kyle J ^a   Gough, Peter J ^a   Raines, Elaine W ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY OF WASHINGTON   (United States)

Author keywords

ADAM; Adhesion; Cytokine; Endothelium; Protease

Indexed keywords

CELL ADHESION MOLECULE; CYTOKINE; FRACTALKINE; PROTEINASE INHIBITOR; ADAM PROTEIN; ASPARTIC PROTEINASE; BACE1 PROTEIN, HUMAN; CHEMOKINE; HERMES ANTIGEN; MEMBRANE PROTEIN; PEPTIDE HYDROLASE; PROTEINASE; SECRETASE; SELECTIN; TUMOR NECROSIS FACTOR ALPHA; TUMOR NECROSIS FACTOR ALPHA CONVERTING ENZYME; TUMOR NECROSIS FACTOR RECEPTOR 1; TUMOR NECROSIS FACTOR-ALPHA CONVERTASE;

CELL SURFACE; ENDOTHELIUM CELL; GENE MUTATION; HUMAN; INFLAMMATION; INFLAMMATORY CELL; LEUKOCYTE; PRIORITY JOURNAL; PROTEIN DEGRADATION; REVIEW; SIGNAL TRANSDUCTION; ANIMAL; BASEMENT MEMBRANE; CELL ADHESION; CELL MOTION; CHEMISTRY; GENETICS; NEUTROPHIL CHEMOTAXIS; PATHOPHYSIOLOGY; PHYSIOLOGY; PROTEIN PROCESSING; PROTEIN TERTIARY STRUCTURE; SYNDROME; VASCULAR ENDOTHELIUM;

ADAM PROTEINS; AMYLOID PRECURSOR PROTEIN SECRETASES; ANIMALS; ANTIGENS, CD44; ASPARTIC ENDOPEPTIDASES; BASEMENT MEMBRANE; CELL ADHESION; CELL ADHESION MOLECULES; CELL MOVEMENT; CHEMOKINES; CHEMOTAXIS, LEUKOCYTE; ENDOPEPTIDASES; ENDOTHELIAL CELLS; ENDOTHELIUM, VASCULAR; HUMANS; INFLAMMATION; LEUKOCYTES; MEMBRANE PROTEINS; PEPTIDE HYDROLASES; PROTEIN PROCESSING, POST-TRANSLATIONAL; PROTEIN STRUCTURE, TERTIARY; RECEPTORS, TUMOR NECROSIS FACTOR, TYPE I; SELECTINS; SYNDROME; TUMOR NECROSIS FACTOR-ALPHA;

EID: 33746928340     PISSN: 07415400     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1189/jlb.0106038     Document Type: Review

References (141)

1. Peschon, J. J., Slack, J. L., Reddy, P., Stocking, K. L., Sunnarborg, S. W., Lee, D. C., Russell, W. E., Castner, B. J., Johnson, R. S., Fitzner, J. N., Boyce, R. W., Nelson, N., Kozlosky, C. J., Wolfson, M. F., Rauch, C. T., Cerretti, D. P., Paxton, R. J., March, C. J., Black, R. A. (1998) An essential role for ectodomain shedding in mammalian development. Science 282, 1281-1284.
2. Murase, T., Kume, N., Kataoka, H., Minami, M., Sawamura, T., Masaki, T., Kita, T. (2000) Identification of soluble forms of lectin-like oxidized LDL receptor-1. Arterioscler. Thromb. Vasc. Biol. 20, 715-720.
3. Honjo, M., Nakamura, K., Yamashiro, K., Kiryu, J., Tanihara, H., McEvoy, L. M., Honda, Y., Butcher, E. C., Masaki, T., Sawamura, T. (2003) Lectin-like oxidized LDL receptor-1 is a cell-adhesion molecule involved in endotoxin-induced inflammation. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 100, 1274-1279.
4. Eppihimer, M. J., Schaub, R. (2001) Soluble P-selectin antagonist mediates rolling velocity and adhesion of leukocytes in acutely inflamed venules. Microcirculation 8, 15-24.
5. Hansen, H. P., Dietrich, S., Kisseleva, T., Mokros, T., Mentlein, R., Lange, H., Murphy, G., Lemke, H. (2000) CD30 shedding from Karpas 299 lymphoma cells is mediated by TNF-α-converting enzyme. J. Immunol. 165, 6703-6709.
6. Contin, C., Pitard, V., Itai, T., Nagata, S., Moreau, J. F., Dechanet-Merville, J. (2003) Membrane-anchored CD40 is processed by the tumor necrosis factor-α-converting enzyme. Implications for CD40 signaling. J. Biol. Chem. 278, 32801-32809.
7. Bohlson, S. S., Silva, R., Fonseca, M. I., Tenner, A. J. (2005) CD93 is rapidly shed from the surface of human myeloid cells and the soluble form is detected in human plasma. J. Immunol. 175, 1239-1247.
8. Li, N., Workman, C., Martin, S., Vignali, D. (2004) Biochemical analysis of the regulatory T cell protein lymphocyte activation gene-3 (LAG-3; CD223). J. Immunol. 173, 6806-6812.
9. Mitsiades, N., Yu, W. H., Poulaki, V., Tsokos, M., Stamenkovic, I. (2001) Matrix metalloproteinase-7-mediated cleavage of Fas ligand protects tumor cells from chemotherapeutic drug cytotoxicity. Cancer Res. 61, 577-581.
10. Tanaka, M., Suda, T., Takahashi, T., Nagata, S. (1995) Expression of the functional soluble form of human fas ligand in activated lymphocytes. EMBO J. 14, 1129-1135.
11. Gough, P. J., Garton, K. J., Wille, P. T., Rychlewski, M., Dempsey, P. J., Raines, E. W. (2004) A disintegrin and metalloproteinase 10-mediated cleavage and shedding regulates the cell surface expression of CXC chemokine ligand 16. J. Immunol. 172, 3678-3685.
12. Garton, K. J., Gough, P. J., Blobel, C. P., Murphy, G., Greaves, D. R., Dempsey, P. J., Raines, E. W. (2001) Tumor necrosis factor-α-converting enzyme (ADAM17) mediates the cleavage and shedding of fractalkine (CX3CL1). J. Biol. Chem. 276, 37993-38001.
13. Tsou, C. L., Haskell, C., Charo, I. (2001) Tumor necrosis factor-α-converting enzyme mediates the inducible cleavage of fractalkine. J. Biol. Chem. 276, 44622-44626.
14. Hundhausen, C., Misztela, D., Berkhout, T., Broadway, N., Saftig, P., Reiss, K., Hartmann, D., Fahrenholz, F., Postina, R., Matthews, V., Kallen, K., Rose-John, S., Ludwig, A. (2003) The disintegrin-like metalloproteinase ADAM10 is involved in constitutive cleavage of CX3CL1 (fractalkine) and regulates CX3CL1-mediated cell-cell adhesion. Blood 102, 1186-1195.
15. Prevost, J. M., Pelley, J., Zhu, W., D'Egidio, G., Beaudry, P., Pihl, C., Neely, G., Claret, E., Wijdenes, J., Brown, C. (2002) Granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF) and inflammatory stimuli up-regulate secretion of the soluble GM-CSF receptor in human monocytes: evidence for ectodomain shedding of the cell surface GMCSF receptor α subunit. J. Immunol. 169, 5679-5688.
16. Reddy, P., Slack, J. L., Davis, R., Cerretti, D. P., Kozlosky, C. J., Blanton, R. A., Shows, D., Peschon, J. J., Black, R. A. (2000) Functional analysis of the domain structure of tumor necrosis factor-α converting enzyme. J. Biol. Chem. 275, 14608-14614.
17. Bank, U., Reinhold, D., Schneemilch, C., Kunz, D., Synowitz, H. J., Ansorge, S. (1999) Selective proteolytic cleavage of IL-2 receptor and IL-6 receptor ligand binding chains by neutrophil-derived serine proteases at foci of inflammation. J. Interferon Cytokine Res. 19, 1277-1287.
18. Sheu, B. C., Hsu, S., Ho, H., Lien, H., Huang, S., Lin, R. (2001) A novel role of metalloproteinase in cancer-mediated immunosuppression. Cancer Res. 61, 237-242.
19. Althoff, K., Reddy, P., Voltz, N., Rose-John, S., Mullberg, J. (2000) Shedding of interleukin-6 receptor and tumor necrosis factor α. Contribution of the stalk sequence to the cleavage pattern of transmembrane proteins. Eur. J. Biochem. 267, 2624-2631.
20. Budagian, V., Bulanova, E., Orinska, Z., Ludwig, A., Rose-John, S., Saftig, P., Borden, E., Bulfone-Paus, S. (2004) Natural soluble interleukin-15Rα is generated by cleavage that involves the tumor necrosis factor-α-converting enzyme (TACE/ADAM17). J. Biol. Chem. 279, 40368-40375.
21. Black, R. A., Rauch, C. T., Kozlosky, C. J., Peschon, J. J., Slack, J. L., Wolfson, M. F., Castner, B. J., Stocking, K. L., Reddy, P., Srinivasan, S., Nelson, N., Boiani, N., Schooley, K. A., Gerhart, M., Davis, R., Fitzner, J. N., Johnson, R. S., Paxton, R. J., March, C. J., Cerretti, D. P. (1997) A metalloproteinase disintegrin that releases tumour-necrosis factor-α from cells. Nature 385, 729-733.
22. Moss, M. L., Jin, S. L., Milla, M. E., Bickett, D. M., Burkhart, W., Carter, H. L., Chen, W. J., Clay, W. C., Didsbury, J. R., Hassler, D., Hoffman, C. R., Kost, T. A., Lambert, M. H., Leesnitzer, M. A., McCauley, P., McGeehan, G., Mitchell, J., Moyer, M., Pahel, G., Rocque, W., Overton, L. K., Schoenen, F., Seaton, T., Su, J. L., Becherer, J. D., et al. (1997) Cloning of a disintegrin metalloproteinase that processes precursor tumor-necrosis factor-α. Nature 385, 733-736.
23. Haro, H., Crawford, H. C., Fingleton, B., Shinomiya, K., Spengler, D. M., Matrisian, L. M. (2000) Matrix metalloproteinase-7-dependent release of tumor necrosis factor-α in a model of herniated disc resorption. J. Clin. Invest. 105, 143-150.
24. Coeshott, C., Ohnemus, C., Pilyavskaya, A., Ross, S., Wieczorek, M., Kroona, H., Leimer, A. H., Cheronis, J. (1999) Converting enzyme-independent release of tumor necrosis factor α and IL-1β from a stimulated human monocytic cell line in the presence of activated neutrophils or purified proteinase 3. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 96, 6261-6266.
25. Porteu, F., Nathan, C. (1990) Shedding of tumor necrosis factor receptors by activated human neutrophils. J. Exp. Med. 172, 599-607.
26. Gasparini, C., Menegazzi, R., Patriarca, P., Dri, P. (2003) Evidence that elastase is the TNF-R75 shedding enzyme in resting human polymorphonuclear leukocytes. FEBS Lett. 553, 360-364.
27. Nagano, O., Murakami, D., Hartmann, D., de Strooper, B., Saftig, P., Iwatsubo, T., Nakajima, M., Shinohara, M., Saya, H. (2004) Cell-matrix interaction via CD44 is independently regulated by different metalloproteinases activated in response to extracellular Ca2+ influs and PKC activation. J. Cell Biol. 165, 893-902.
28. Kajita, M., Itoh, Y., Chiba, T., Mori, H., Okada, A., Kinoh, H., Seiki, M. (2001) Membrane-type 1 matrix metalloproteinase cleaves CD44 and promotes cell migration. J. Cell Biol. 153, 893-904.
29. Abel, S., Hundhausen, C., Mentlein, R., Schulte, A., Berkhout, T., Broadway, N., Hartmann, D., Sedlacek, R., Dietrich, S., Muetze, B., Schuster, B., Kallen, K., Saftig, P., Rose-John, S., Ludwig, A. (2004) The transmembrane CXC-chemokine ligand 16 is induced by IFN-γ and TNF-α and shed by the activity of the disintegrin-like metalloproteinase ADAM10. J. Immunol. 172, 6362-6372.
30. Shimaoka, T., Nakayama, T., Fukumoto, N., Kume, N., Takahashi, S., Yamaguchi, J., Minami, M., Hayashida, K., Kita, T., Ohsumi, J., Yoshie, O., Yonehara, S. (2004) Cell surface-anchored SR-PSOX/CXC chemokine ligand 16 mediates firm adhesion of CXC chemokine receptor 6-expressing cells. J. Leukoc. Biol. 75, 267-274.
31. Champagne, B., Tremblay, P., Cantin, A., St Pierre, Y. (1998) Proteolytic cleavage of ICAM-1 by human neutrophil elastase. J. Immunol. 161, 6398-6405.
32. Tsakadze, N. L., Sithu, S., Sen, U., English, W., Murphy, G., D'Souza, S. (2006) Tumor necrosis factor-{α}-converting enzyme (TACE/ADAM-17) mediates the ectodomain cleavage of intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1). J. Biol. Chem. 281, 3157-3164.
33. Garton, K. J., Gough, P. J., Philalay, J., Wille, P. T., Blobel, C. P., Whitehead, R. H., Dempsey, P. J., Raines, E. W. (2003) Stimulated shedding of vascular cell adhesion molecule 1 (VCAM-1) is mediated by tumor necrosis factor-α-converting enzyme (ADAM 17). J. Biol. Chem. 278, 37459-37464.
34. Singh, R. J., Mason, J., Lidington, E., Edwards, D., Nuttall, R., Khokha, R., Knauper, V., Murphy, G., Gavrilovic, J. (2005) Cytokine stimulated vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 (VCAM-1) ectodomain release is regulated by TIMP-3. Cardiovasc. Res. 67, 39-49.
35. Levesque, J. P., Takamatsu, Y., Nilsson, S. K., Haylock, D. N., Simmons, P. J. (2001) Vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 (CD106) is cleaved by neutrophil proteases in the bone marrow following hematopoietic progenitor cell mobilization by granulocyte colony-stimulating factor. Blood 98, 1289-1297.
36. Ilan, N., Mohsenin, A., Cheung, L., Madri, J. A. (2001) PECAM-1 shedding during apoptosis generates a membrane-anchored truncated molecule with unique signaling characteristics. FASEB J. 15, 362-372.
37. Hermant, B., Bibert, S., Concord, E., Dublet, B., Weidenhaupt, M., Vernet, T., Gulino-Debrac, D. (2003) Identification of proteases involved in the proteolysis of vascular endothelium cadherin during neutrophil transmigration. J. Biol. Chem. 278, 14002-14012.
38. Herren, B., Levkau, B., Raines, E. W., Ross, R. (1998) Cleavage of β-catenin and plakoglobin and shedding of VE-cadherin during endothelial apoptosis: evidence for a role for caspases and metalloproteinases. Mol. Biol. Cell 9, 1589-1601.
39. Butcher, E. C. (1991) Leukocyte-endothelial cell recognition: three (or more) steps to specificity and diversity. Cell 67, 1033-1036.
40. Springer, T. A. (1994) Traffic signals for lymphocyte recirculation and leukocyte emigration: the multistep paradigm. Cell 76, 301-314.
41. Carlos, T. M., Harlan, J. M. (1994) Leukocyte-endothelial adhesion molecules. Blood 84, 2068-2101.
42. Cybulsky, M., Charo, I. (2005) Leukocytes, adhesion molecules, and chemokines in atherothrombosis. In Atherothrombosis and Coronary Artery Disease (E. Nabel, ed.), Philadelphia, PA, Lippincott Williams & Wilkins, 511-537.
43. Muller, W. A. (2003) Leukocyte-endothelial-cell interactions in leukocyte transmigration and the inflammatory response. Trends Immunol. 24, 327-334.
44. Schenkel, A. R., Mamdouh, Z., Muller, W. A. (2004) Locomotion of monocytes on endothelium is a critical step during extravasation. Nat. Immunol. 5, 393-400.
45. van Buul, J. D., Hordijk, P. L. (2004) Signaling in leukocyte transendothelial migration. Arterioscler. Thromb. Vasc. Biol. 24, 824-833.
46. Rao, R. M., Shaw, S. K., Kim, M., Luscinskas, F. W. (2005) Emerging topics in the regulation of leukocyte transendothelial migration. Microcirculation 12, 83-89.
47. Pober, J. S., Cotran, R. S. (1990) Cytokines and endothelial cell biology. Physiol. Rev. 70, 427-451.
48. Collins, T., Read, M. A., Neish, A. S., Whitley, M. Z., Thanos, D., Maniatis, T. (1995) Transcriptional regulation of endothelial cell adhesion molecules: NF-κ B and cytokine-inducible enhancers. FASEB J. 9, 899-909.
49. McEver, R. P., Beckstead, J. H., Moore, K. L., Marshall-Carlson, L., Bainton, D. F. (1989) GMP-140, a platelet α-granule membrane protein, is also synthesized by vascular endothelial cells and is localized in Weibel-Palade bodies. J. Clin. Invest. 84, 92-99.
50. Larsen, E., Celi, A., Gilbert, G. E., Furie, B. C., Erban, J. K., Bonfanti, R., Wagner, D. D., Furie, B. (1989) PADGEM protein: a receptor that mediates the interaction of activated platelets with neutrophils and monocytes. Cell 59, 305-312.
51. Geng, J. G., Bevilacqua, M. P., Moore, K. L., McIntyre, T. M., Prescott, S. M., Kim, J. M., Bliss, G. A., Zimmerman, G. A., McEver, R. P. (1990) Rapid neutrophil adhesion to activated endothelium mediated by GMP-140. Nature 343, 757-760.
52. Dunon, D., Piali, L., Imhof, B. A. (1996) To stick or not to stick: the new leukocyte homing paradigm. Curr. Opin. Cell Biol. 8, 714-723.
53. Campbell, J. J., Hedrick, J., Zlotnik, A., Siani, M. A., Thompson, D. A., Butcher, E. C. (1998) Chemokines and the arrest of lymphocytes rolling under flow conditions. Science 279, 381-384.
54. Ebnet, K., Vestweber, D. (1999) Molecular mechanisms that control leukocyte extravasation: the selectins and the chemokines. Histochem. Cell Biol. 112, 1-23.
55. Mackay, C. R. (2001) Chemokines: immunology's high impact factors. Nat. Immunol. 2, 95-101.
56. Alon, R., Feigelson, S. (2002) From rolling to arrest on blood vessels: leukocyte tap dancing on endothelial integrin ligands and chemokines at sub-second contacts. Semin. Immunol. 14, 93-104.
57. Weber, C., Schober, A., Zernecke, A. (2004) Chemokines: key regulators of mononuclear cell recruitment in atherosclerotic vascular disease. Arterioscler. Thromb. Vasc. Biol. 24, 1997-2008.
58. Carman, C. V., Springer, T. A. (2003) Integrin avidity regulation: are changes in affinity and conformation underemphasized? Curr. Opin. Cell Biol. 15, 547-556.
59. Dustin, M. L., Bivona, T. G., Philips, M. R. (2004) Membranes as messengers in T cell adhesion signaling. Nat. Immunol. 5, 363-372.
60. Wittchen, E. S., van Buul, J. D., Burridge, K., Worthylake, R. A. (2005) Trading spaces: Rap, Rac, and Rho as architects of transendothelial migration. Curr. Opin. Hematol. 12, 14-21.
61. Hooper, N. M., Karran, E. H., Turner, A. J. (1997) Membrane protein secretases. Biochem. J. 321, 265-279.
62. Huovila, A. P., Turner, A. J., Pelto-Huikko, M., Karkkainen, I., Ortiz, R. M. (2005) Shedding light on ADAM metalloproteinases. Trends Biochem. Sci. 30, 413-422.
63. Blobel, C. P. (2005) ADAMs: key components in EGFR signaling and development. Nat. Rev. Mol. Cell Biol. 6, 32-43.
64. Seals, D. F., Courtneidge, S. A. (2003) The ADAMs family of metalloproteases: multidomain proteins with multiple functions. Genes Dev. 17, 7-30.
65. Sternlicht, M. D., Werb, Z. (2001) How matrix metalloproteinases regulate cell behavior. Annu. Rev. Cell Dev. Biol. 17, 463-516.
66. Bank, U., Ansorge, S. (2001) More than destructive: neutrophil-derived serine proteases in cytokine bioactivity control. J. Leukoc. Biol. 69, 197-206.
67. Janes, P. W., Saha, N., Barton, W. A., Kolev, M. V., Wimmer-Kleikamp, S. H., Nievergall, E., Blobel, C. P., Himanen, J. P., Lackmann, M., Nikolov, D. B. (2005) Adam meets Eph: an ADAM substrate recognition module acts as a molecular switch for ephrin cleavage in trans. Cell 123, 291-304.
68. McDermott, M. F., Aksentijevich, I., Galon, J., McDermott, E. M., Ogunkolade, B. W., Centola, M., Mansfield, E., Gadina, M., Karenko, L., Pettersson, T., McCarthy, J., Frucht, D. M., Aringer, M., Torosyan, Y., Teppo, A. M., Wilson, M., Karaarslan, H. M., Wan, Y., Todd, I., Wood, G., Schlimgen, R., Kumarajeewa, T. R., Cooper, S. M., Vella, J. P., Amos, C. I., Mulley, J., Quane, K. A., Molloy, M. G., Ranki, A., Powell, R. J., Hitman, G. A., O'Shea, J. J., Kastner, D. L. (1999) Germline mutations in the extracellular domains of the 55 kDa TNF receptor, TNFR1, define a family of dominantly inherited autoinflammatory syndromes. Cell 97, 133-144.
69. Hull, K. M., Drewe, E., Aksentijevich, I., Singh, H., Wong, K., McDermott, E., Dean, J., Powell, R., Kastner, D. (2002) The TNF receptor-associated periodic syndrome (TRAPS): emerging concepts of an autoinflammatory disorder. Medicine (Baltimore) 81, 349-368.
70. Stojanov, S., McDermott, M. (2005) The tumor necrosis factor receptor-associated periodic syndrome: current concepts. Expert Rev. Mol. Med. 7, 1-18.
71. Kishimoto, T. K., Jutila, M. A., Berg, E. L., Butcher, E. C. (1989) Neutrophil Mac-1 and MEL-14 adhesion proteins inversely regulated by chemotactic factors. Science 245, 1238-1241.
72. Arbones, M. L., Ord, D. C., Ley, K., Ratech, H., Maynard-Curry, C., Otten, G., Capon, D. J., Tedder, T. F. (1994) Lymphocyte homing and leukocyte rolling and migration are impaired in L-selectin-deficient mice. Immunity 1, 247-260.
73. Ley, K., Bullard, D. C., Arbones, M. L., Bosse, R., Vestweber, D., Tedder, T. F., Beaudet, A. L. (1995) Sequential contribution of L- and P-selectin to leukocyte rolling in vivo. J. Exp. Med. 181, 669-675.
74. Tedder, T. F., Steeber, D. A., Pizcueta, P. (1995) L-selectin-deficient mice have impaired leukocyte recruitment into inflammatory sites. J. Exp. Med. 181, 2259-2264.
75. Jung, U., Ramos, C. L., Bullard, D. C., Ley, K. (1998) Gene-targeted mice reveal importance of L-selectin-dependent rolling for neutrophil adhesion. Am. J. Physiol. 274, H1785-H1791.
76. Tang, M. L., Steeber, D. A., Zhang, X. Q., Tedder, T. F. (1998) Intrinsic differences in L-selectin expression levels affect T and B lymphocyte subset-specific recirculation pathways. J. Immunol. 160, 5113-5121.
77. Ley, K., Gaehtgens, P., Fennie, C., Singer, M., Lasky, L., Rosen, S. (1991) Lectin-like cell adhesion molecule 1 mediates leukocyte rolling in mesenteric venules in vivo. Blood 77, 2553-2555.
78. Simon, S. I., Burns, A. R., Taylor, A. D., Gopalan, P. K., Lynam, E. B., Sklar, L. A., Smith, C. W. (1995) L-selectin (CD62L) cross-linking signals neutrophil adhesive functions via the Mac-1 (CD11b/CD18) β 2-integrin. J. Immunol. 155, 1502-1514.
79. Steeber, D. A., Engel, P., Miller, A. S., Sheetz, M. P., Tedder, T. F. (1997) Ligation of L-selectin through conserved regions within the lectin domain activates signal transduction pathways and integrin function in human, mouse, and rat leukocytes. J. Immunol. 159, 952-963.
80. Palecanda, A., Walcheck, B., Bishop, D. K., Jutila, M. A. (1992) Rapid activation-independent shedding of leukocyte L-selectin induced by cross-linking of the surface antigen. Eur. J. Immunol. 22, 1279-1286.
81. Peschon, J. J., Torrance, D. S., Stocking, K. L., Glaccum, M. B., Otten, C., Willis, C. R., Charrier, K., Morrissey, P. J., Ware, C. B., Mohler, K. M. (1998) TNF receptor-deficient mice reveal divergent roles for p55 and p75 in several models of inflammation. J. Immunol. 160, 943-952.
82. Hafezi-Moghadam, A., Ley, K. (1999) Relevance of L-selectin shedding for leukocyte rolling in vivo. J. Exp. Med. 189, 939-948.
83. Hafezi-Moghadam, A., Thomas, K. L., Prorock, A. J., Huo, Y., Ley, K. (2001) L-selectin shedding regulates leukocyte recruitment. J. Exp. Med. 193, 863-872.
84. Wilson, M., Blum, R., Dandona, P., Mousa, S. (2001) Effects in humans of intravenously administered endotoxin on soluble cell-adhesion molecule and inflammatory markers: a model of human diseases. Clin. Exp. Pharmacol. Physiol. 28, 376-380.
85. Faveeuw, C., Preece, G., Ager, A. (2001) Transendothelial migration of lymphocytes across high endothelial venules into lymph nodes is affected by metalloproteinases. Blood 98, 688-695.
86. Venturi, G. M., Tu, L., Kadono, T., Khan, A., Fujimoto, Y., Oshel, P., Bock, C., Miller, A., Albrecht, R., Kubes, P., Steeber, D., Tedder, T. (2003) Leukocyte migration is regulated by L-selectin endoproteolytic release. Immunity 19, 713-724.
87. Galkina, E., Tanousis, K., Preece, G., Tolaini, M., Kioussis, D., Florey, O., Haskard, D., Tedder, T., Ager, A. (2003) L-selectin shedding does not regulate constitutive T cell trafficking but controls the migration pathways of antigen-activated T lymphocytes. J. Exp. Med. 198, 1323-1335.
88. Gomez-Gaviro, M. V., Dominguez-Jimenez, C., Carretero, J. M., Sabando, P., Gonzalez-Alvaro, I., Sanchez-Madrid, F., Diaz-Gonzalez, F. (2000) Down-regulation of L-selectin expression in neutrophils by nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs: role of intracellular ATP concentration. Blood 96, 3592-3600.
89. Nakashima, Y., Raines, E. W., Plump, A. S., Breslow, J. L., Ross, R. (1998) Upregulation of VCAM-1 and ICAM-1 at atherosclerosis-prone sites on the endothelium in the ApoE-deficient mouse. Arterioscler. Thromb. Vasc. Biol. 18, 842-851.
90. Iiyama, K., Hajra, L., Iiyama, M., Li, H., DiChiara, M., Medoff, B., Cybulsky, M. (1999) Patterns of vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 and intercellular adhesion molecule-1 expression in rabbit and mouse atherosclerotic lesions and at sites predisposed to lesion formation. Circ. Res. 85, 199-207.
91. Gearing, A. J., Newman, W. (1993) Circulating adhesion molecules in disease. Immunol. Today 14, 506-512.
92. Levesque, J. P., Liu, F., Simmons, P., Betsuyaku, T., Senior, R., Pham, C., Link, D. (2004) Characterization of hematopoietic progenitor mobilization in protease-deficient mice. Blood 104, 65-72.
93. Flynn, J. L., Goldstein, M. M., Chan, J., Triebold, K. J., Pfeffer, K., Lowenstein, C. J., Schrelber, R., Mak, T. W., Bloom, B. R. (1995) Tumor necrosis factor-α is required in the protective immune response against Mycobacterium tuberculosis in mice. Immunity 2, 561-572.
94. Grivennikov, S., Tumanov, A., Liepinsh, D., Kruglov, A., Marakusha, B., Shakhov, A., Murakami, T., Drutskaya, L., Forster, I., Clausen, B. E., Tessarollo, L., Ryffel, B., Kuprash, D., Nedospasov, S. (2005) Distinct and nonredundant in vivo functions of TNF produced by T cells and macrophages/neutrophils: protective and deleterious effects. Immunity 22, 93-104.
95. Ruuls, S. R., Hoek, R. M., Ngo, V. N., McNeil, T., Lucian, L. A., Janatpour, M. J., Korner, H., Scheerens, H., Hessel, E. M., Cyster, J. G., McEvoy, L. M., Sedgwick, J. D. (2001) Membrane-bound TNF supports secondary lymphoid organ structure but is subservient to secreted TNF in driving autoimmune inflammation. Immunity 15, 533-543.
96. Macchia, D., Almerigogna, F., Parronchi, P., Ravina, A., Maggi, E., Romagnani, S. (1993) Membrane tumour necrosis factor-α is involved in the polyclonal B-cell activation induced by HIV-infected human T cells. Nature 363, 464-466.
97. Harashima, S., Horiuchi, T., Hatta, N., Morita, C., Higuchi, M., Sawabe, T., Tsukamoto, H., Tahira, T., Hayashi, K., Fujita, S., Niho, Y. (2001) Outside-to-inside signal through the membrane TNF-α induces E- selectin (CD62E) expression on activated human CD4+ T cells. J. Immunol. 166, 130-136.
98. Burger, D., Lou, J., Dayer, J. M., Grau, G. E. (1997) Both soluble and membrane-associated TNF activate brain microvascular endothelium: relevance to multiple sclerosis. Mol. Psychiatry 2, 113-116.
99. Bazzoni, F., Beutler, B. (1996) The tumor necrosis factor ligand and receptor families. N. Engl. J. Med. 334, 1717-1725.
100. Erickson, S. L., de Sauvage, F. J., Kikly, K., Carver-Moore, K., Pitts-Meek, S., Gillett, N., Sheehan, K. C., Schreiber, R. D., Goeddel, D. V., Moore, M. W. (1994) Decreased sensitivity to tumor-necrosis factor but normal T-cell development in TNF receptor-2-deficient mice. Nature 372, 560-563.
101. Grell, M., Douni, E., Wajant, H., Lohden, M., Clauss, M., Maxeiner, B., Georgopoulos, S., Lesslauer, W., Kollias, G., Pfizenmaier, K., Scheurich, P. (1995) The transmembrane form of tumor necrosis factor is the prime activating ligand of the 80 kDa tumor necrosis factor receptor. Cell 83, 793-802.
102. Pfeffer, K., Matsuyama, T., Kundig, T. M., Wakeham, A., Kishihara, K., Shahinian, A., Wiegmann, K., Ohashi, P. S., Kronke, M., Mak, T. W. (1993) Mice deficient for the 55 kD tumor necrosis factor receptor are resistant to endotoxic shock, yet succumb to L. monocytogenes infection. Cell 73, 457-467.
103. Rothe, J., Lesslauer, W., Lotscher, H., Lang, Y., Koebel, P., Kontgen, F., Althage, A., Zinkernagel, R., Steinmetz, M., Bluethmann, H. (1993) Mice lacking the tumor necrosis factor receptor 1 are resistant to TNF-mediated toxicity but highly susceptible to infection by Listeria monocytogenes. Nature 364, 798-802.
104. Carpenter, A., Evans, T. J., Buurman, W. A., Bemelmans, M. H., Moyes, D., Cohen, J. (1995) Differences in the shedding of soluble TNF receptors between endotoxin-sensitive and endotoxin-resistant mice in response to lipopolysaccharide or live bacterial challenge. J. Immunol. 155, 2005-2012.
105. Crowe, P. D., Walter, B. N., Mohler, K. M., Otten-Evans, C., Black, R. A., Ware, C. F. (1995) A metalloprotease inhibitor blocks shedding of the 80-kD TNF receptor and TNF processing in T lymphocytes. J. Exp. Med. 181, 1205-1210.
106. Van Zee, K. J., Kohno, T., Fischer, E., Rock, C. S., Moldawer, L. L., Lowry, S. F. (1992) Tumor necrosis factor soluble receptors circulate during experimental and clinical inflammation and can protect against excessive tumor necrosis factor α in vitro and in vivo. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 89, 4845-4849.
107. Aderka, D., Sorkine, P., Abu-Abid, S., Lev, D., Setton, A., Cope, A. P., Wallach, D., Klausner, J. (1998) Shedding kinetics of soluble tumor necrosis factor (TNF) receptors after systemic TNF leaking during isolated limb perfusion. Relevance to the pathophysiology of septic shock. J. Clin. Invest. 101, 650-659.
108. Dri, P., Gasparini, C., Menegazzi, R., Cramer, R., Alberi, L., Presani, G., Garbisa, S., Patriarca, P. (2000) TNF-induced shedding of TNF receptors in human polymorphonuclear leukocytes: role of the 55-kDa TNF receptor and involvement of a membrane-bound and non-matrix metalloproteinase. J. Immunol. 165, 2165-2172.
109. Wang, J., Al-Lamki, R. S., Shang, H., Kirkiles-Smith, N., Gaeta, M. L., Thiru, S., Pober, J. S., Bradley, J. R. (2003) Histamine antagonizes tumor necrosis factor (TNF) signaling by stimulating TNF receptor shedding from the cell surface and Golgi storage pool. J. Biol. Chem. 278, 21751-21760.
110. Umehara, H., Bloom, E., Okazaki, T., Nagano, Y., Yoshie, O., Imai, T. (2004) Fractalkine in vascular biology: from basic research to clinical disease. Arterioscler. Thromb. Vasc. Biol. 24, 34-40.
111. Fong, A. M., Robinson, L. A., Steeber, D. A., Tedder, T. F., Yoshie, O., Imai, T., Patel, D. D. (1998) Fractalkine and CX3CR1 mediate a novel mechanism of leukocyte capture, firm adhesion, and activation under physiologic flow. J. Exp. Med. 188, 1413-1419.
112. Bazan, J. F., Bacon, K. B., Hardiman, G., Wang, W., Soo, K., Rossi, D., Greaves, D. R., Zlotnik, A., Schall, T. J. (1997) A new class of membrane-bound chemokine with a CX3C motif. Nature 385, 640-644.
113. Imai, T., Hieshima, K., Haskell, C., Baba, M., Nagira, M., Nishimura, M., Kakizaki, M., Takagi, S., Nomiyama, H., Schall, T. J., Yoshie, O. (1997) Identification and molecular characterization of fractalkine receptor CX3CR1, which mediates both leukocyte migration and adhesion. Cell 91, 521-530.
114. Combadiere, C., Salzwedel, K., Smith, E. D., Tiffany, H. L., Berger, E. A., Murphy, P. M. (1998) Identification of CX3CR1. A chemotactic receptor for the human CX3C chemokine fractalkine and a fusion coreceptor for HIV-1. J. Biol. Chem. 273, 23799-23804.
115. Haskell, C. A., Cleary, M. D., Charo, I. F. (1999) Molecular uncoupling of fractalkine-mediated cell adhesion and signal transduction. Rapid flow arrest of CX3CR1-expressing cells is independent of G-protein activation. J. Biol. Chem. 274, 10053-10058.
116. Kerfoot, S. M., Lord, S. E., Bell, R. B., Gill, V., Robbins, S. M., Kubes, P. (2003) Human fractalkine mediates leukocyte adhesion but not capture under physiological shear conditions: a mechanism for selective monocyte recruitment. Eur. J. Immunol. 33, 729-739.
117. Yoneda, O., Imai, T., Goda, S., Inoue, H., Yamauchi, A., Okazaki, T., Imai, H., Yoshie, O., Bloom, E. T., Domae, N., Umehara, H. (2003) Membrane-bound form of fractalkine induces IFN-γ production by NK cells. Eur. J. Immunol. 33, 53-58.
118. Dichmann, S., Herouy, Y., Purlis, D., Rheinen, H., Gebicke-Harter, P., Norgauer, J. (2001) Fractalkine induces chemotaxis and actin polymerization in human dendritic cells. Inflamm. Res. 50, 529-533.
119. Liu, G. Y., Kulasingam, V., Alexander, R., Touret, N., Fong, A., Patel, D., Robinson, L. (2005) Recycling of the membrane-anchored chemokine, CX3CL1. J. Biol. Chem. 280, 19858-19866.
120. DeGrendele, H. C., Estess, P., Picker, L. J., Siegelman, M. H. (1996) CD44 and its ligand hyaluronate mediate rolling under physiologic flow: a novel lymphocyte-endothelial cell primary adhesion pathway. J. Exp. Med. 183, 1119-1130.
121. DeGrendele, H. C., Estess, P., Siegelman, M. H. (1997) Requirement for CD44 in activated T cell extravasation into an inflammatory site. Science 278, 672-675.
122. Sugahara, K. N., Murai, T., Hishinakamura, H., Kawashima, H., Saya, H., Miyasaka, M. (2003) Hyaluronan oligosaccharides induce CD44 cleavage and promote cell migration in CD44-expressing tumor cells. J. Biol. Chem. 278, 32259-32265.
123. Katoh, S., McCarthy, J., Kincade, P. (1994) Characterization of soluble CD44 in the circulation of mice. Levels are affected by immune activity and tumor growth. J. Immunol. 153, 3440-3449.
124. Katoh, S., Taniguchi, H., Matsubara, Y., Matsumoto, N., Fukushima, K., Kadota, J., Matsukura, S., Kohno, S. (1999) Overexpression of CD44 on alveolar eosinophils with high concentrations of soluble CD44 in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid in patients with eosinophilic pneumonia. Allergy 54, 1286-1292.
125. Shi, M., Dennis, K., Peschon, J., Chandrasekaran, R., Mikecz, K. (2001) Antibody-induced shedding of CD44 from adherent cells is linked to the assembly of the cytoskeleton. J. Immunol. 167, 123-131.
126. Cichy, J., Pure, E. (2003) The liberation of CD44. J. Cell Biol. 161, 839-843.
127. Okamoto, I., Kawano, Y., Tsuiki, H., Sasaki, J., Nakao, M., Matsumoto, M., Suga, M., Ando, M., Nakajima, M., Saya, H. (1999) CD44 cleavage induced by a membrane-associated metalloprotease plays a critical role in tumor cell migration. Oncogene 18, 1435-1446.
128. Okamoto, I., Kawano, Y., Murakami, D., Sasayama, T., Araki, N., Miki, T., Wong, A. J., Saya, H. (2001) Proteolytic release of CD44 intracellular domain and its role in the CD44 signaling pathway. J. Cell Biol. 155, 755-762.
129. Strooper, B. D., Annaert, W. (2001) Presenilins and the intramembrane proteolysis of proteins: facts and fiction. Nat. Cell Biol. 3, E221-E225.
130. Marambaud, P., Shioi, J., Servan, G., Georgakopoulos, A., Sarner, S., Nagy, V., Baki, L., Wen, P., Efthimiopoulos, S., Shao, Z., Wisniewski, T., Robakis, N. K. (2002) A presenilin-1/γ-secretase cleavage releases the E-cadherin intracellular domain and regulates disassembly of adherens junctions. EMBO J. 21, 1948-1956.
131. Marambaud, P., Wen, P. H., Dutt, A., Shioi, J., Takashima, A., Siman, R., Robakis, N. K. (2003) A CBP binding transcriptional repressor produced by the PS1/epsiolong-cleavage of N-cadherin is inhibited by PS1 FAD mutations. Cell 114, 635-645.
132. Nakamura, H., Suenaga, N., Taniwaki, K., Matsuki, H., Yonezawa, K., Fujii, M., Okada, Y., Seiki, M. (2004) Constitutive and induced CD44 shedding by ADAM-like proteases and membrane-type 1 matrix metalloproteinase. Cancer Res. 64, 876-882.
133. Murai, T., Miyazaki, Y., Nishinakamura, H., Sugahara, K., Miyauchi, T., Sako, Y., Tanagida, T., Miyasaka, M. (2004) Engagement of CD44 promotes Rac activation and CD44 cleavage during tumor cell migration. J. Biol. Chem. 279, 4541-4550.
134. Mori, H., Tomari, T., Koshikawa, N., Kajita, M., Itoh, Y., Sato, H., Tojo, H., Yana, I., Seiki, M. (2002) CD44 directs membrane-type 1 matrix metalloproteinase to lamellipodia by associating with its hemopexin-like domain. EMBO J. 21, 3949-3959.
135. Werb, Z., Yan, Y. (1998) A cellular striptease act. Science 282, 1279-1280.
136. Nagano, O., Saya, H. (2004) Mechanism and biological significance of CD44 cleavage. Cancer Sci. 95, 930-935.
137. Dejana, E. (2004) Endothelial cell-cell junctions: happy together. Nat. Rev. Mol. Cell Biol. 5, 261-270.
138. Schenkel, A. R., Mamdouh, Z., Chen, X., Liebman, R. M., Muller, W. A. (2002) CD99 plays a major role in the migration of monocytes through endothelial junctions. Nat. Immunol. 3, 143-150.
139. Mamdouh, Z., Chen, X., Pierini, L. M., Maxfield, F. R., Muller, W. A. (2003) Targeted recycling of PECAM from endothelial surface-connected compartments during diapedesis. Nature 421, 748-753.
140. Allport, J. R., Muller, W. A., Luscinskas, F. W. (2000) Monocytes induce reversible focal changes in vascular endothelial cadherin complex during transendothelial migration under flow. J. Cell Biol. 148, 203-216.
141. Hartmann, D., de Strooper, B., Serneels, L., Craessaerts, K., Herreman, A., Annaert, W., Umans, L., Lubke, T., Lena Illert, A., von Figura, K., Saftig, P. (2002) The disintegrin/metalloprotease ADAM 10 is essential for Notch signaling but not for α-secretase activity in fibroblasts. Hum. Mol. Genet. 11, 2615-2624.