Bleaching of kaolins and clays by chlorination of iron and titanium

Applied Clay Science

Volumn 33, Issue 3-4, 2006, Pages 219-229

  Gonzalez J A ^a   del C Ruiz, M ^a  

^a UNIVERSIDAD NACIONAL DE SAN LUIS   (Argentina)

Author keywords

Bleaching; Chlorination; Clay recovery; Iron and titanium removal; Kaolin

Indexed keywords

BLEACHING; CALCINATION; CHEMICALS REMOVAL (WATER TREATMENT); CHLORINATION; EXTRACTION; PHASE TRANSITIONS; REACTION KINETICS; SPECTROPHOTOMETRY; THERMODYNAMICS; VAPORIZATION; X RAY DIFFRACTION ANALYSIS;

CLAY RECOVERY; SPECTROPHOFOTOMETRIC METHOD; X-RAY FLUORESCENCE;

CLAY MINERALS;

BLEACHING; CHLORINATION; CLAY; IRON; KAOLIN; TITANIUM;

EID: 33746915720     PISSN: 01691317     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/j.clay.2006.05.001     Document Type: Article

References (42)

1. Ambikadevi V.R., and Lalithambika M. Effect of organic acids on ferric iron removal from iron-stained kaolinite. Appl. Clay Sci. 16 (2000) 133-145
2. Atkinson, M.L. Fleming, M.E., 2001. Methods for bleaching kaolin clay and other minerals and bleached products obtained by the method, EP Pat.1146089.
3. Avgustinik, A.I., 1983. Cerámica. Ed. Reverté, S.A., Barcelona.
4. Cameselle C., Ricart M.T., Núñez M.J., and Lema J.M. Iron removal from kaolin. Comparison between "in situ" and "two-stage" bioleaching processes. Hydrometallurgy 68 (2003) 97-105
5. Carpmael, A., 1928. Improvements in or relating to the manufacture of ceramic products with pure white shades. GB Pat. 297939.
6. Chandrasekhar S., and Ramaswamy S. Influence of mineral impurities on the properties of kaolin and its thermally treated products. Appl. Clay Sci. 21 (2002) 133-142
7. De Mesquita L.M.S., Rodrigues T., and Gomes S.S. Bleaching of Brazilian kaolins using organic acids and fermented medium. Miner. Eng. 9 9 (1996) 965-971
8. Dunn, Jr., W.E., 1975. Process for beneficiating a titaniferous ore and production of chlorine and iron oxide. US Pat. 3865920.
9. Dunn, Jr., W.E., 1982. Two stage chlorination process for aluminum value containing source. US Pat. 4355007.
10. Fabry, C., Kleindl. F.K., 2001. Processes for producing a bleaching clay product. US Pat. 6288003
11. Farbenindustrie Aktiengesellschaft, I.G., 1932. Process for manufacture of shaped ceramic products of pure white shades. GB Pat. 366890.
12. Gennari F.C., and Pasquevich D.M. Kinetics of chlorination of hematite. Thermochim. Acta 284 (1996) 325-339
13. González. J.A., 1999. Estudio Cinético-Químico de la Cloración de óxidos mixtos, sintéticos y naturales de Niobio y Tantalio. Ph. D. Thesis, National University of San Luis. Ejército de los Andes 950, 5700 San Luis, Argentina.
14. 5 or mixed with carbon. J. Mater. Sci. 33 (1998) 4173-4180
15. Gonzalez J., Gennari F., Bohé A., Ruiz M.d.C., Rivarola J., and Pasquevich D.M. Chlorination of niobium and tantalum ore. Thermochim. Acta 311 (1998) 61-69
16. González J.A., Gennari F.C., del C. Ruiz M., Bohé A.E., and Pasquevich D.M. Kinetics of the carbochlorination of columbite. Miner. Process. Extr. Metall. Rev. 107 (1998) C87-C164
17. González J., Rivarola J., and Ruiz M.d.C. Synthesis and chlorination of mangano-columbite by means of a solid-fluid reaction. Light metals (1998), The Minerals, Metals and Materials Society 1361-1364
18. González J., del. C. Ruiz M., Pasquevich D., and Bohé A. Formation of niobium-tantalum pentoxide orthorhombic solid solution under chlorine-bearing atmospheres. J. Mater. Sci. 36 13 (2001) 3299-3311
19. 3 mixture. Fall Meeting of The Minerals, Metals and Materials Society, Indianapolis, USA.
20. 5 Carbochlorination with diferent types of carbon. Can. Metall. Q. 41 1 (2002) 29-40
21. HSC Chemistry for Windows Software V. 5.1, 2003. Outokumpu Research, Pori, Finland.
22. Jackson. C.M., Macon,Ga., Sanford C.L., 1966. Apparatus for whitening clay. US Pat. 3236606.
23. JCPDS, International Center of Diffraction Data. Powder Difraction File, 1995a card number 29-1488.
24. JCPDS, International Center of Diffraction Data. Powder Difraction File, 1995b card number 33-1161.
25. JCPDS, International Center of Diffraction Data. Powder Difraction File, 1995c card number 21-1272.
26. JCPDS, International Center of Diffraction Data. Powder Difraction File, 1995d card number 42-1468.
27. JCPDS, International Center of Diffraction Data. Powder Difraction File, 1995e card number 12-303.
28. Jena P.K., and Brocchi E.A. Metal extraction through chlorine metallurgy. Miner. Process. Extr. Metall. Rev. 16 (1997) 211-247
29. Jinki J., and Park K.Y. Thermogravimetric analysis of carbo-chlorination of clay. J. Chem. Eng. Jpn. 25 2 (1992) 160-164
30. Larroyd F., Petter C.O., and Sampaio C.H. Purification of north Brazilian kaolin by selective floculation. Miner. Eng. 15 (2002) 1191-1192
31. Lee E.Y., Cho K.-S., and Ryu H.W. Microbial refinement of kaolin by iron-reducing bacteria. Appl. Clay Sci. 22 (2002) 47-53
32. Lopazo E.M., and Pasquevich D.M. Enhancing effect of Cl2 on transition aluminas formation. J. Mater. Sci. 32 (1997) 3299-3304
33. Maurya C.B., and Dixit S.G. Effect of pH on the high-gradient magnetic separation of kaolin clays. Int. J. Miner. Process. 28 3-4 (1990) 199-207
34. Murray H. Industrial clays case study. Min. Miner. Sust. Dev. 64 (2002) 1-9
35. Norton, F.H., 1983. Cerámica Fina, Ed. Omega, Barcelona.
36. Raghavan P., Chandrasekhar S., and Damodaran A.D. Value addition of paper coating grade kaolins by the removal of ultrafine coloring impurities. Int. J. Miner. Process. 50 (1997) 307-316
37. Roder Zs., Bertóti I., and Székely T. Reaction of metakaolinite with phosgene and carbon tetrachloride. React. Solids 3 1-2 (1987) 113-125
38. Sebenik, R.F., Lippman. A., 1978. Process for the production of alumina chloride and related products, US Pat. 4083923.
39. Veglio' F., and Toro L. Process development of kaolin pressure bleaching using carbohydrates in acid media. Int. J. Miner. Process. 41 3-4 (1994) 239-255
40. Vracar R.Z., Vukcevic S.M., Parezanovic I.S., and Kamberovic Z.J. The study of iron chlorination from bauxite for their enrichment. Scand. J. Metal. 29 (2000) 1-7
41. Wikswo, J.P., Nelson, E.W., 1967. Preparation of iron oxide and chlorine by two-zone oxidation of iron chloride. US Pat. 3325252.
42. Wyndham, R., Terry, J.C., 1979. Preferential chlorination of alumina in kaolinitic ores. US Pat. 4139602.