Thai transgenders in focus: Demographics, transitions and identities

International Journal of Transgenderism

Volumn 9, Issue 1, 2006, Pages 15-27

  Winter, Sam ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY OF HONG KONG   (Hong Kong)

Author keywords

Demographics; Identity; Thailand; Transition

Indexed keywords

HORMONE;

ADOLESCENCE; ADOLESCENT; ADULT; ARTICLE; CONTROLLED STUDY; DATA ANALYSIS; DEMOGRAPHY; FEMALE; HORMONAL THERAPY; HUMAN; MAJOR CLINICAL STUDY; MALE; QUESTIONNAIRE; SEXUAL BEHAVIOR; THAILAND; TRANSSEXUALISM;

EID: 33746907741     PISSN: 15532739     EISSN: 14344599     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1300/J485v09n01_03     Document Type: Article

References (49)

1. Bangkok Post (2004). 'Too few students graduate, says Board.' 16th April, Bangkok.
2. Beyrer, C. (1998). Other genders: kathoeys, waria, hinjras, toms and dees. In War in the blood: Sex, politics and AIDS in Southeast Asia. Bangkok: White Lotus Publishing.
3. Blanchard, R. (2001). Fraternal birth order and the maternal immune hypothesis of male homosexuality. Hormones and Behavior, 40, 105-114.
4. Blanchard, R., Clemmensen, L., and Steiner, B. (1987). Heterosexual and homosexual gender dysphoria. Archives of Sexual Behavior, 16, 2, 139-152.
5. Chavalittamrong, B., Tarnpradub, S., and Vanprapar, N. (1989). Height and weight of Thai children: High socio-economic group of the some selected urban population. Journal of the Medical Association of Thailand, 72, 4, 185-192.
6. Cohen-Kettenis, P. and Pfäfflin, F. (2003). Transgenderism and Intersexuality in Childhood and Adolescence: making choices. Thousand Oaks: Sage.
7. College of Population Studies (no date). Thailand demographic data. Bangkok: Chulalongkorn University. Retrieved 23/5/03 from World Wide Web. URL http://www.chula.ac.th/college/cps/thaidata/thailand_data.html
8. Doorn, C., Poortinga, J., and Verschoor, A. (1994). Cross-gender identity in transvestites and male transsexuals. Archives of Sexual Behavior, 23, 2, 185-201.
9. Ehrlich, R. (1996). Thailand's secret sex. Elle Magazine UK, June: 42-48.
10. Government of Thailand (1996). Statistical Handbook of Thailand. Bangkok: National Statistical Office.
11. Government of Thailand (1997). Statistical Handbook of Thailand. Bangkok: National Statistical Office.
12. Government of Thailand (2003). National Statistical Office Retrieved 23/5/03 from the World Wide Web. URL http://www.nso.go.th/eng/stat/subject/ subject.htm#cata1
13. Jackson, P. (1995) Kathoeys: The third sex. In Jackson, P., Dear Uncle Go: Male homosexuality in Thailand. Bangkok, Thailand: Bua Luang Books.
14. Jackson, P. (1996) Non-normative sex/gender categories in the Theravada Buddhist Scriptures. Australian Humanities Review, April. Retrieved 23/5/03 from the World Wide Web. URL http://www.lib.latrobe.edu.au/AHR/archive/Issue-April- 1996/Jacksonref.html
15. Jackson, P. (1997). Kathoey, gay, man. The historical emergence of gay male identity in Thailand. In Manderson, L. and Jolly,M. (Eds.) Sites of desire, economies of pleasure: Sexualities in Asian and the Pacific. Chicago, USA: University of Chicago Press, pp 167-168.
16. Jackson, P. (1998) Male homosexuality and transgenderism in the Thai buddhist tradition. In Leyland, W. (Ed.) Queer dharma: Voices of gay buddhists. San Francisco, USA: Gay Sunshine Press.
17. Jackson, P. (1999a). Tolerant but unaccepting: The myth of a Thai 'gay' paradise. In Jackson, P. and Cook, N. (Eds.) Gender and sexualities in modern Thailand. Chiangmai: Silkworm Books.
18. Jackson, P. (1999b). Spurning Alphonso Lingis' Thai 'lust': The perils of a philosopher at large. Intersections, 2. Retrieved 23/5/03 from the World WideWeb. URL http://wwwsshe.murdoch.edu.au/intersections/issue2/jackson.html
19. Jackson, P. (2003). Performative genders, perverse desires: A bio-history of Thailand's same-sex and transgender cultures. Intersections: Gender, History and Culture in the Asian Context.
20. Kockott, G. and Fahrner, E. (1987). Transsexuals who have not undergone surgery: a follow-up study. Archives of Sexual Behavior, 16, 6, 511-522.
21. Matzner, A. (no date, a). The Politics of re-presentation: An analysis of Western academic treatments of Thai transgenderism. Transgender in Thailand website. Retrieved 23/5/03 from the World Wide Web. URL http://home.att.net/ ~leela2/politics.htm
22. Matzner, A. (no date, b). In the beginning: Northern Thai creation mythology. Transgender in Thailand website. Retrieved 23/5/03 from the World Wide Web. URL http://home.att.net/~leela2/contents.htm
23. Matzner, A. (no date, c). Roses of the North: The Katoey of Chiang Mai University. Transgender in Thailand website. Retrieved 23/5/03 from the World Wide Web. URL http://home.att.net/~leela2/roses.htm
24. Matzner, A. (no date, d). Transgenderism and northern Thai spirit mediumship. Transgender in Thailand website. Retrieved 23/5/03 from the World Wide Web. URL http://home.att.net/~leela2/mediumship.htm
25. Matzner, A. (no date, d). Fourteen Questions. Transgender in Thailand website. Retrieved 23/5/03 from the World Wide Web. URL http://home.att.net/ ~leela2/questions.
26. Matzner, A. (no date, e). The pu mia: A story about a kathoey in old Chiang Mai. Transgender in Thailand website. Retrieved 23/5/03 from the World Wide Web. URL http://home.att.net/~leela2/pu-mia.htm
27. Matzner, A. (no date, f). More about pu mia. Transgender in Thailand website. Retrieved 23/5/03 from the World Wide Web. URL http://home.att.net/ ~leela2/pumia2.htm
28. Matzner, A. (no date, g). In legal limbo: Thailand, transgendered men and the law. Transgender in Thailand website. Retrieved 23/5/03 from the World Wide Web. URL http://home.att.net/~leela2/inlegallimbo.htm
29. Matzner, A. (2001). The complexities of 'acceptance': Thai students' attitudes towards kathoey. Crossroads: An interdisciplinary journal of South East Asian studies, 15, 2, 71-93.
30. Matzner, A. (2002a). 'O au no keia': Voices from Hawai'i's mahu and transgender communities. USEA: Xlibris.
31. Matzner, A. (2002b). On the question of origins: Kathoey and Thai culture. TransgenderASIA website. Retrieved 23/5/03 from the World Wide Web. URL http://web.hku.hk/~sjwinter/TransgenderASIA/paper_on_the_question_of_origins. htm
32. Nanda, S. (2000). Transgendered males in Thailand and the Philippines. Ch. 5 of Gender diversity: Cross-cultural variations. Illinois, USA: Waveland Press.
33. Sinnott, M. (2000). The semiotics of transgendered sexual identity in the Thai print media: Imagery and discourse of the sexual other. Culture Health and Sexuality, 2, 4, 425-440.
34. Sinnott, M. (2002). Gay versus Kathoey: homosexual identities in Thailand. International Institute for Asian Studies. Newsletter 29. Retrieved 23/5/03 from the World Wide Web. URL http://www.iias.nl/iiasn/29/ IIASNL29_7_Sinnott.pdf
35. Sinnott, M. (in press). Tomboys and ladies: Transgender identity and same-sex relationships in Thailand. Hawai'i: University of Hawai'i Press.
36. Storer, G. (1999). Performing sexual identity: Naming and resisting 'gayness' in modern Thailand. Intersections 2.
37. ten Brummelhuis, H. (1999) Transformations of transgender: The case of the Thai kathoey. In Jackson, P. and Sullivan, G. (Eds.). Lady boys, tom boys, rent boys: Male and female homosexualities in contemporary Thailand. New York, USA: The Haworth Press, Inc.
38. Totman, R. (2003) The third sex: Kathoey: Thailand's ladyboys. London: Souvenir Press.
39. UNESCO Institute for Statistics (2003). Education Statistics Website. Retrieved 23/5/03 from the World Wide Web. URL http://portal.unesco.org/uis/ev. php?URL_ID=5187&URL_DO=DO_TOPIC&URL_SECTION=201
40. U.S. Government (2002). The CIA World Factbook 2002.
41. Winter, S. (2002a). Transgender and society: An Asian perspective. Newsletter of the Comparative and Historical Section of the American Sociology Association. 14, 3, 16-18.
42. Winter, S. (2002b). Why are so many kathoey in Thailand? TransgenderASIA website. Retrieved 23/5/03 from the World Wide Web. URL http://web.hku.hk/ ~sjwinter/TransgenderASIA/paper_why_are_there_ so_many_kathoey.htm
43. Winter, S. (2002c). Counting kathoey. Transgender-ASIA website. Retrieved 23/5/03 from the World Wide Web. URL http://web.hku.hk/~sjwinter/ TransgenderASIA/paper_counting_kathoey.htm
44. Winter, S. (2002d). Thailand country report. TransgenderASIA website. Retrieved 23/5/03 from the World Wide Web. URL http://web.hku.hk/~sjwinter/ TransgenderASIA/country_report_thailand.htm
45. Winter, S. (2003) Language and identity in transgender: Gender wars and the case of the Thai kathoey. TransgenderASIA website. Retrieved 23/5/03 from the World Wide Web. URL http://web.hku.hk/~sjwinter/TransgenderASIA/ paper_language_and_identity.htm
46. Winter, S., and Udomsak, N. (2002a). Male, female and transgender: Stereotypes and self in Thailand. International Journal of Transgenderism, 6, 1.
47. Winter, S., and Udomsak, N. (2002b). Gender stereotype and self among transgenders: Underlying elements. International Journal of Transgenderism, 6, 2.
48. Winter, S. (accepted for publication in the International Journal of Transgenderism) Heterogeneity in Transgender: A cluster analysis of a Thai sample.
49. Wong Ying Wuen (2003). Transgressing the gender boundary. TransgenderASIA website. Retrieved 23/5/03 from the World Wide Web. URL http://web.hku.hk/ ∼sjwinter/TransgenderASIA/paper_transgressing_the_gender_boundary.htm