The WTO compatibility of the economic partnership agreements between the EU and the ACP countries

Intereconomics

Volumn 41, Issue 2, 2006, Pages 115-120

  Borrmann, Axel ^a   Großmann, Harald ^a   Koopmann, Georg ^a  

^a Hamburgisches Welt Wirtschafts Archiv   (Germany)

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EID: 33746904246     PISSN: 00205346     EISSN: 1613964X     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1007/s10272-006-0179-2     Document Type: Article

References (30)

1. In this context, it is held that the European Union must truly treat EPAs as instruments of development, subordinating its commercial interests to Africa's development needs and effectively coordinating trade and development assistance, in order to realise their potential development benefits. Cf. Lawrence E. Hinkle, Richard S. Newfarmer: Risks and Rewards of Regional Trading Arrangements in Africa: Economic Partnership Agreements between the European Union and Sub-Saharan Africa, Washington DC 2006 (mimeo).
2. For a brief review of this literature see Robert C. Feenstra: Advanced International Trade: Theory and Evidence, Princeton 2004, pp. 348-358.
3. References can be found in A. Borrmann et al., op. cit., pp. 20-22.
4. Cf. also the review article by Matthew McQueen: The Impact Studies on the Effects of REPAs between the ACP and the EU, ECDPM Discussion Paper 3, Maastricht 1999.
5. Michael Michaely et al. (eds.): Liberalizing Foreign Trade, New York 1991, Basil Blackwell.
6. Ana Revenga: Employment and Wage Effects of Trade Liberalization: The Case of Mexican Manufacturing, in: Journal of Labor Economics, Vol. 15, No. 3, 1997, pp. 20-43
7. Janet Currie, Ann Harrison: Sharing the Costs: The Impact of Trade Reform on Capital and Labor in Marocco, in: Journal of Labor Economics, Vol. 15, No. 3, 1997, pp. 44-71
8. Alejandra Cox Edwards, Sebastian Edwards: Trade Liberalization and Unemployment: Policy Issues and Evidence from Chile, in: J. Borkakoti, C. Milner (eds.): International Trade and Labour Markets, London 1997, pp. 8-43.
9. David Dollar: Outward-Oriented Developing Economies Really Do Grow More Rapidly: Evidence from 95 LDCs, 1976-1985, in: Economic Development and Cultural Change, Vol. 40, No. 3, pp. 523-544.
10. Jeffrey D. Sachs, Andrew Warner: Economic Reform and the Process of Global Integration, in: Brooking Papers on Economic Activity, Vol. 1, pp. 1-95.
11. Jeffrey A. Frankel, David Romer: Does Trade Cause Growth?, in: American Economic Review, Vol. 89, No. 3, pp. 379-399.
12. Francisco Rodriguez, Dani Rodrik: Trade Policy and Economic Growth: A Sceptic's Guide to the Cross-National Literature, in: Ben Bernanke, Kenneth S. Rogoff (eds.): NBER Macroeconomics Annual 2000.
13. Confer, for instance, Dani Rodrik, Arvind Subramanian, Francesco Trebbi: Institutions Rule: The Primacy of Institutions over Geography and Integration in Economic Development, in: Journal of Economic Growth, Vol. 9, No. 2, 2004, pp. 131-165
14. as well as David Dollar, Aart Kraay: Institutions, Trade, and Growth, in: Journal of Monetary Economics, Vol. 50, 2003, pp. 133-162.
15. Cf. Hans-Rimbert Hemmer, Andreas Lorenz: Grundlagen der Wachstumsempirie, Munich 2004, p. 220.
16. For the different positions, cf. F. A. Haight: Customs Unions and Free Trade Areas under GATT: A Reappraisal, in: Journal of World Trade Law, Vol. 6, No. 4, 1972
17. and Bonapas Onguglo, Taisuke Ito: In Defence of the ACP Submission on Special and Differential Treatment in GATT Article XXIV, ECDPM Discussion Paper No. 67, October 2005, European Center for Development Policy Management, Maastricht.
18. The CRTA was set up in 1996 as a permanent body to replace the ad hoc Working Parties.
19. Cf. WTO: Regionalism and the World Trading System, Geneva 1995, p. 16.
20. For a detailed analysis of product coverage and transitory periods of recent RTAs cf. Robert Scollay, Roman Grynbern: "Substantially all Trade": Which definitions are fulfilled in practice? An empirical investigation, 2005, at: http://www.thecommonwealth.org.
21. Cf. WTO document WT/GC/W/155 of 28.04.04.
22. Cf. WTO document WT/GC/W/14 of 09.07.02.
23. Cf. WTO document TN/RL/W/179 of 12.5.2005.
24. Cf. WTO document TN/RL/W/180 of 13.5.2005.
25. Cf. WTO document TN/RL/W/185 of 22.7.2005.
26. Cf. Georg Koopmann: Die WTO und der Regionalismus, in: Wirtschaftsdienst, Vol. 85, No. 2, 2005, pp. 80-81.
27. For the present state of the EPA-negotiations cf. ACP: ACP-EU Negotiations of Economic Partnership Agreements, Areas of Convergence and Divergence, ACP/61/113/03 Rev.1, Brussels 28 September 2003
28. ACP/EC: ACP-EC EPA Negotiations, Joint Report on the all-ACP-EC phase of EPA negotiations, ACP/00/118/03 Rev.1, ACP-EC/NG/NP/43, Brussels, 2 October 2003
29. Peter Mandelson: The ACP-EU relationship in the global economy, speech held at the ACP-EU Ministerial Meeting in Brussels on 1 December 2004, http://europa.eu.int/rapid/pressReleasesAction.do?reference=SPEECH/04/ 505&format=HTML&aged=0&language=EN&guiLanguage=fr.; Commission of the European Commuinities: The Trade and development Aspects of EPA Negotiations, Commission Staff Working Document, SEC(2005)1459, Brussels 9.11.2005.
30. Axel Borrmann, Matthias Busse, Silke Neuhaus: EU/ACP Economic Partnership Agreements: Impact, Options and Prerequisites, in: INTERECONOMICS, Vol. 40, No. 3, pp. 169-176.