Human and social behavior in computational modeling and analysis of egress

Automation in Construction

Volumn 15, Issue 4, 2006, Pages 448-461

  Pan, Xiaoshan ^a   Han, Charles S ^a   Dauber, Ken ^b   Law, Kincho H ^a  

^a Stanford University   (United States)

^b STANFORD UNIVERSITY   (United States)

Author keywords

Computational modeling; Decision making; Egress; Emergency; Human and social behavior; Multi agent system

Indexed keywords

COMPUTER SIMULATION; DECISION MAKING; MATHEMATICAL MODELS; SOCIAL ASPECTS;

COMPUTATIONAL MODELING; COMPUTATIONAL TOOLS; EGRESS; EMERGENCY; HUMAN AND SOCIAL BEHAVIOR;

COMPUTATIONAL METHODS;

EID: 33746828618     PISSN: 09265805     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/j.autcon.2005.06.006     Document Type: Article

References (69)

1. Lystad M. Mental Health Response to Mass Emergencies: Theory and Practice (1988), Brunner/Mazel, New York
2. Greenwood T. Guide to Fire Precautions in Existing Places of Entertainment and Like Premise (1998), HMSO, London
3. Guide to Safety at Sports Grounds (1990), HMSO, London
4. ICBO. "Means of Egress", 2000 International Building Code (Chapter 10) (2000) 211-247
5. City of Cincinnati, Crowd Management: Report of the Task Force on Crowd Control and Safety, Technical Report, 1980, Available at http://www.crowdsafe.com/taskrpt/whocrowdmanagementstaffandcontentspages .pdf.
6. AEA Technology, A Technical Summary of the AEA EGRESS Code, Technical Report, AEAT/NOIL/27812001/002(R), Issue 1, 2002, available at http://www.aeat-safety-and-risk.com/Downloads/Egress%20Technical%20Summa ry.pdf.
7. Berlin G. Modeling emergency evacuation from group homes. Fire Technology 18 1 (1982) 38-48
8. Fahy R. EXIT89: an evacuation model for high-rise buildings. Proc. Third International Symposium in Fire Safety Science (1991), Elsevier Applied Science, New York 815-823
9. Fire Safety Engineering Group, BuildingEXODUS: the Evacuation Model for the Building Environment, Sept. 2003, available at http://fseg.gre.ac.uk/exodus/air.html#build.
10. Hadjisophocleous G. Experimental data for CFD models. Proc. International Workshop on Measurement Needs for Fire Safety, NIST (2000) 51-55
11. Halcrow Group Limited, Pedroute, Sept. 2003, available at http://www.halcrow.com/pdf/urban_reg/pedrt_broch.pdf.
12. Helbing D., Farkas I., and Vicsek T. Simulating dynamical features of escape panic. Nature 407 1 (2000) 487-490
13. Kostreva M. Mathematical modeling of human egress from fires in residential buildings, NIST. Fire Technology 30 3 (1994) 338-340
14. Legion International Ltd., Legion, Nov. 2004, available at http://www.legion.biz/.
15. Musse S., Babski C., Capin T., and Thalmann D. Crowd modeling in collaborative virtual environments. Proc. VRST'98, Taiwan (1998) 115-123
16. Second International Conference in Pedestrian and Evacuation Dynamics, Fire Safety Engineering Group, Sept. 2003, available at http://fseg.gre.ac.uk/ped2003/.
17. Stahl F. Simulating Human Behavior in High-Rise Building Fires: Modeling Occupant Movement Through a Fire Floor from Initial Alert to Safety Egress, NBS-GCR-77-92 (1975), Center for Fire Research, National Bureau of Standards, Washington, DC
18. Stahl F. B Fires II: a behavior-based computer simulation of emergency egress during fires. Fire Technology 18 1 (1982) 49-65
19. G. Still, Crowd Dynamics, PhD thesis, University of Warwick, UK, 2000.
20. Watts J. Computer models for evacuation analysis. Fire Safety Journal (1987) 237-245
21. Chertkoff J., and Kushigian R. Don't Panic: The Psychology of Emergency Egress and Ingress (1999), Praeger, London
22. Quarantelli E. The nature and conditions of panic. The American Journal of Sociology 60 3 (1954) 267-275
23. Society of Fire Protection Engineers, Engineering Guide to Human Behavior in Fire, Technical Report, 2002, available at http://www.sfpe.org/sfpe/pdfsanddocs/DraftHumanBehaviorGuide.pdf.
24. Durkheim E. Elementary Forms of the Religious Life (1995), Free Press, New York
25. Simon H. Models of Bounded Rationality (1982), MIT Press, Cambridge, MA
26. Tucker C., Schweingruber D., and McPhail C. Simulating arcs and rings in gatherings. International Journal of Human Computer Studies 50 6 (1999) 581-588
27. Aveni A. The not-so-lonely crowd: friendship groups in collective behavior. Sociometry 48 1 (1975) 96-99
28. McPhail C. The Myth of the Madding Crowd (1991), Aldine de Gruyter, New York
29. McPhail C., and Wohlstein R. Collective locomotion as collective behavior. American Sociological Review 51 1 (1986) 447-463
30. La Piere R. Collective Behavior (1938), McGraw-Hill, New York
31. Le Bon G. The Crowd (1960), Viking, New York
32. McDougall W. The Group Mind (1920), Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, UK
33. Smelser N. Theory of Collective Behavior (1963), Free Press, New York
34. Brown R. Social Psychology (1965), Free Press, New York
35. Mintz A. No-adaptive group behavior. Journal of Abnormal and Social Psychology 46 1 (1951) 150-159
36. Kelley H., Condry J., Dahlke A., and Hill A. Collective behavior in a simulated panic situation. Journal of Experimental Social Psychology 1 1 (1965) 20-54
37. C. Johnson, Lessons from the Evacuation of the World Trade Centre, September 11th 2001 for the Development of Computer-Based Simulations, White Paper, Nov. 2004, available athttp://www.dcs.gla.ac.uk/~johnson/papers/9_11.PDF.
38. Bryan J. Human behavior and fire. In: Cote A. (Ed). Fire Protection Handbook. Eighteenth edition (1997), National Fire Protection Association 8.1-8.30
39. Chubb M. Human Factors Lessons for Public Fire Educators: Lessons from Major Fires (1993), National Fire Protection Association, Education Section, Phoenix
40. Fahy R., and Proulx G. Collective common sense: a study of human behavior during the world trade center evacuation. NFPA Journal 87 2 (1995) 61
41. Proulx G., and Richardson J. The human factor: building designers often forget how important the reactions of human occupants are when they specify fire and life safety systems. Canadian Consulting Engineer 43 3 (2002) 35-36
42. In: Galea E. (Ed). Pedestrian and Evacuation Dynamics (2003), CMC Press, London, UK
43. Crowd Dynamics Ltd., Crowd Dynamics, Nov. 2004, available at http://www.crowddynamics.com/Egress/legion.html.
44. D. Helbing, I. Farkas, T. Vicsek, Panic: A Quantities Analysis, Sept. 2003, available at http://angel.elte.hu/~panic/.
45. Low D. Following the crowd. Nature 407 1 (2000) 465-466
46. Epstein J., and Axtell R. Growing Artificial Societies: Social Science From the Bottom Up (1996), MIT Press, Cambridge, MA
47. Hofstadter D., and Dennett D. The Mind's I: Fantasies and Reflections on Self and Soul (1981), Bantam Books, New York
48. Johnson S. Emergence: The Connected Lives of Ants, Brains, Cities, and Software (2001), Simon & Schuster, New York
49. Waldrop M. Complexity: The Emerging Science at the Edge of Order and Chaos (1992), Simon & Schuster, New York
50. Wills R. Human Instincts, Everyday Life, and the Brain, (Volume One) (1998), Book Emporium, Canada
51. Proulx G. Understanding Human Behaviour in Stressful Situations, Workshop to Identify Innovative Research Needs to Foster Improved Fire Safety in the United States (2002), National Academy of Sciences, Delegate Binder Section 7, Washington, D.C. 1-5
52. Billings R., Milburn T., and Schaalman M. A model of crisis perception: a theoretical and empirical analysis. Administrative Science Quarterly 25 2 (1980) 300-316
53. W. Sime, Stress Management: A Review of Principles, 1997, available at http://www.unl.edu/stress/mgmt/.
54. Welford A. Stress and performance. In: Welford A. (Ed). Man Under Stress. Proc. the 9th Annual Conference of the Ergonomics Society of Australia and New Zealand (1972) 1-41
55. March J. A Primer on Decision Making: How Decisions Happen (1994), Free Press, New York
56. Ashcraft N., and Scheflen A. People Space: The Making and Breaking of Human Boundaries (1976), Anchor Press, New York
57. Cialdini R. Influence: The Psychology of Persuasion (1993), William Morrow, New York
58. Braun A., Musse S., de Oliveira L., and Bodmann B. Modeling individual behaviors in crowd simulation. Proc. Computer Animation and Social Agents, New Jersey (2003) 143-148
59. Latane B., and Darley J. Group inhibition of bystander intervention in emergencies. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology 10 3 (1968) 215-221
60. Batson D. Altruism and prosocial behavior. In: Gilbert D., Fiske S., and Lindzey G. (Eds). The Handbook of Social Psychology. Fourth edition (1998), McGraw-Hill Companies, Boston 282-316
61. Penn A. Vision, configuration and simulation of static interaction for design. Proc. 2nd International Conference: Pedestrian and Evacuation Dynamics (2003) 1-16
62. Epstein J., and Axtell R. Growing Artificial Societies: Social Science from the Bottom Up (1996), MIT Press, Cambridge, MA
63. Sole R., and Goodwin B. Emergent behaviour in insect societies: global oscillations and computation, interdisciplinary approaches to nonlinear complex systems. Springer Series in Synergetics 62 1 (1993) 77-88
64. Thompson P., Lindstrom H., Ohlsson P., and Thompson S. Simulex: analysis and changes for IMO compliance. Proc. 2nd International Conference: Pedestrian and Evacuation Dynamics (2003) 173-184
65. Madden B., and Farid H. Active vision and virtual reality. In: Landy M., Maloney L., and Pavel M. (Eds). Exploratory Vision: The Active Eye, Chapter 12 (1995), Springer, New York, NY 281-318
66. Arkin R. Behavior-based robot navigation in extended domains. Journal of Adaptive Behavior 1 2 (1992) 201-225
67. Hodgins J., Wooten W., Brogan D., and O'Brien J. Animating human athletics. Proc. SIGGRAPH 95, ACM SIGGRAPH (1995) 71-78
68. X. Tu, Artificial Animals for Computer Animation: Biomechanics, Locomotion, Perception, and Behavior, PhD thesis, Department of Computer Science, University of Toronto, 1996.
69. Reynolds C. Steering behaviors for autonomous characters. Proc. Game Developers, San Jose CA (1999) 763-782