Confederate Lane: Class, race, and ethnicity in the Mississippi Delta

American Ethnologist

Volumn 33, Issue 2, 2006, Pages 288-309

  Adams, Jane ^a   Gorton, D ^b  

^a SOUTHERN ILLINOIS UNIVERSITY   (United States)

^b NONE

Author keywords

Black; Class; Ethnicity; Mississippi Delta; Planters; Poor whites; Race; Religion

Indexed keywords

EID: 33746800104     PISSN: 00940496     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1525/ae.2006.33.2.288     Document Type: Article

References (91)

1. Adams, Jane 1996 The Transformation of Rural Life: Southern Illinois 1890-1990. Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press.
2. Adams, Jane, and D. Gorton 2004 Southern Trauma: Revisiting Caste and Class in the Mississippi Delta. American Anthropologist 106(2):334-345.
3. Allen, Theodore W. 1994 The Invention of the White Race, vol. 1: Racial Oppression and Social Control. London: Verso.
4. Baker, Lewis 1983 The Percys of Mississippi. Baton Rouge: Louisiana State University Press.
5. Baldwin, Sidney 1968 Poverty and Politics: The Rise and Decline of the Farm Security Administration. Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press.
6. Barry, John M. 1997 Rising Tide: The Great Mississippi Flood of 1927 and How It Changed America. New York: Simon and Schuster.
7. Berardinelli, Michel 1909 Report on Italian Peonage Matters in Mississippi. RG60 Department of Justice Central Files, Class sub file con. 50-300, Box 10803. SNY 100937-4. Washington, DC: Department of Justice.
8. Brandfon, Robert L. 1967 Cotton Kingdom of the New South: A History of the Yazoo Mississippi Delta from Reconstruction to the Twentieth Century. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.
9. Brandon, Hembree 2001 Ginner Groups Elect Leaders for 2001-2. Delta Farm Press, March 16. Electronic document, http://deltafarmpress.com/mag/ farming_ginner_groups_elect/, accessed June 10, 2005.
10. Campbell, Will 1992 Providence. Atlanta, GA: Longstreet Press.
11. Canonici, Paul 2003 The Delta Italian. Madison, MS: No publisher.
12. Carter, Hodding 1953 Where Main Street Meets the River. New York: Rinehart.
13. Chappell, David L. 1994 Inside Agitators: White Southerners in the Civil Rights Movement. Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press.
14. Chappell, David L. 2004 A Stone of Hope: Prophetic Religion and the Death of Jim Crow. Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press.
15. Cobb, James C. 1982 The Selling of the South: The Southern Crusade for Industrial Development 1936-1980. Baton Rouge: Louisiana State University Press.
16. Cobb, James C. 1992 The Most Southern Place on Earth: The Mississippi Delta and the Roots of Regional Identity. New York: Oxford University Press.
17. Cohen, Edward 2002 The Peddler's Grandson: Growing Up Jewish in Mississippi. New York: Dell.
18. Cohn, David L. 1948 Where I Was Born and Raised. Boston: Houghton, Mifflin.
19. Conrad, David Eugene 1965 The Forgotten Farmers: The Story of Sharecroppers in the New Deal. Urbana: University of Illinois Press.
20. Daniel, Pete 1980 Breaking the Land: The Transformation of Cotton, Tobacco, and Rice Cultures since 1880. Urbana: University of Illinois Press.
21. Daniel, Pete 1990 [1972] The Shadow of Slavery: Peonage in the South 1901-1969. Urbana: University of Illinois Press.
22. Dollard, John 1957[1937] Caste and Class in a Southern Town. Garden City, NY: Doubleday.
23. Doob, Leonard W. 1937 Poor White, A Frustrated Class. In Caste and Class in a Southern Town. John Dollard. Appendix 1. New Haven, CT: Yale University Press for the Institute of Human Relations.
24. Du Bois, W. E. B. 1962[1935] Black Reconstruction in America. New York: Russell and Russell.
25. Ferri, William 1975 Interview with John Dollard. Dollard collection, Box 1, Folder 4. Yale University Library, New Haven, CT.
26. Fite, Gilbert C. 1984 Cotton Fields No More: Southern Agriculture, 1865-1980. Lexington: University of Kentucky Press.
27. Foner, Eric 1988 Reconstruction: America's Unfinished Revolution, 1893-1877. New York: Harper and Row.
28. Gibson-Graham, J. K., Stephen Resnick, and Richard D. Wolff 2001 Re/Presenting Class: Essays in Postmodern Marxism. Durham, NC: Duke University Press.
29. Glanton, Dahleen 2004 Chicago Gangs Find New Turf in Rural South. Chicago Tribune Online Edition, June 1. Electronic document, http://www.cnr.vt.edu/lsg/intro/ChicagoGangs.pdf, accessed July 3, 2005.
30. Greatschools.net N.d. Enrollment data for Greenville, MS, schools. Electronic document, http://www.greatschools.net/modperl/browse_school/ms/999, accessed December 21, 2003.
31. Greenville Times N.d.[c. 1910] Washington County, the Pride of the Delta. Souvenir edition. Greenville, MS: Greenville Times.
32. Grubbs, Donald H. 1971 Cry from the Cotton: The Southern Tenant Farmers Union and the New Deal. Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press.
33. Gutman, Herbert G. 1977 Work, Culture, and Sociaty in Industrializing America. New York: Vintage Books.
34. Hahn, Steven 1985 The Roots of Southern Populism: Yeoman Farmers and the Transformation of the Georgia Upcountry, 1850-1890. New York: Oxford University Press.
35. Hall, Jacquelyn Dowd, ed. 1987 Like a Family: The Making of a Southern Cotton Mill World. Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press.
36. Halperin, Rhoda 1990 The Livelihood of Kin: Making Ends Meet the Kentucky Way. Austin: University of Texas Press.
37. Hamilton, Mary 1992 Trials of the Earth: The Autobiography of Mary Hamilton. Helen Dick Davis, ed. Jackson: University Press of Mississippi.
38. Hartigan, John, Jr. 1999 Racial Situations: Class Predicaments of Whiteness in Detroit. Princeton: Princeton University Press.
39. Heinzmann, David 2004 Gangs Run Gun Pipeline from Delta to Chicago: Lenient Laws Make Buying Weapons Easier in South. Chicago Tribune, February 5. Electronic document, http://www.chicagotribune.com/news/ specials/chi-0402050318feb05,1,4640223.story?coll=chi-newsspecials-hed, accessed July 3, 2005.
40. Hubbard, Harlan 1953 Shantyboat. New York: Dodd, Mead.
41. Issaquena County Chancery Clerk 1941-45 Plat Book 1. Issaquena County Courthouse, Mayersville, Mississippi.
42. Jaynes, Gerald David 1986 Branches without Roots: Genesis of the Black Working Class in the American South, 1862-1882. New York: Oxford University Press.
43. Johnson, Charles S., Edwin R. Embree, and Will W. Alexander 1935 The Collapse of Cotton Tenancy: Summary of Field Studies and Statistical Surveys, 1933-1935. Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press.
44. Johnston, Michael 2002 In the Deep Heart's Core. New York: Grove Press.
45. Keady, William C. 1988 All Rise: Memoirs of a Mississippi Federal Judge. Boston: Recollections Bound.
46. Kesler, Howard 1997[1936] Revolt among the Sharecroppers. Knoxville: University of Tennessee Press.
47. Kirby, Jack T. 1987 Rural World Lost: The American South, 1920-1960. Baton Rouge: Louisiana State University Press.
48. Kirwan, Albert D. 1964[1951] Revolt of the Rednecks: Mississippi Politics: 1876-1925. Gloucester, MA: Peter Smith.
49. Latter Day Saints N.d. 1880 United State Census and National Index. CD-ROM Library. Salt Lake City: Family History Resource File.
50. Loewen, James W. 1988[1971] The Mississippi Chinese: Between Black and White. 2nd edition. Prospect Heights, IL: Waveland Press.
51. Marsh, Charles 1997 God's Long Summer: Stories of Faith and Civil Rights. Princeton: Princeton University Press.
52. McMillen, Neil R. 1990 Dark Journey: Black Mississippians in the Age of Jim Crow. Urbana: University of Illinois Press.
53. Mertz, Paul E. 1978 New Deal Policy and Southern Rural Poverty. Baton Rouge: Louisiana State University Press.
54. Mississippian 1918 A Story Descriptive of and Illustrating Greenville and Leland, Mississippi. Compiled with the assistance of the Chamber of Commerce. Vol. 1, No. 3 October. Greenville, MS: Mississippian.
55. Mitchell, Dennis J. 2001 Mississippi Liberal: A Biography of Frank E. Smith. Jackson: University Press of Mississippi for the Mississippi Historical Society.
56. Mitchell, H. L. 1979 Mean Things Happening in the Land: The Life and Time of H. L. Mitchell, Co-Founder of the Southern Tenant Farmers Union. Montclair, NJ: Rowman and Littlefield.
57. Moss, Kirby 2003 The Color of Class: Poor Whites and the Paradox of Privilege. Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Press.
58. Nelson, Lawrence J. 1999 King Cotton's Advocate: Oscar G. Johnston and the New Deal. Knoxville: University of Tennessee Press.
59. Oshinsky, David 2004 Forced Labor in the 19th Century South: The Story of Parchman Farm. Paper presented at "From Chattel Bondage to State Servitude: Slavery in the 20th Century," 6th International Conference of the Gilder Lehrman Center for the Study of Slavery, Resistance, and Abolition, Yale University, October 22-23. Electronic document, http://www.yale.edu/glc/events/cbss/Oshinsky.pdf, accessed March 20, 2005.
60. Percy, William Alexander 1941 Lanterns on the Levee: Recollections of a Planter's Son. New York: Alfred A. Knopf.
61. Powdermaker, Hortense 1993[1939] After Freedom: A Cultural Study in the Deep South. Madison: University of Wisconsin Press.
62. Quackenbos, Mary G. 1907 Report on the Condition of Italian Colonies in the States of Mississippi and Arkansas, Confidential Investigation. With additional correspondence. U.S. State Department Archives, Washington, D.C.
63. Quart, Robert S. 1982 Lotus among the Magnolias: The Mississippi Chinese. Jackson: University Press of Mississippi.
64. Raper, Arthur F. 1943 Tenants of the Almighty. New York: Macmillan.
65. Raper, Arthur F., and Ira DeA. Reid 1941 Sharecroppers All. Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press.
66. Roediger, David R. 1991 The Wages of Whiteness: Race and the Making of the American Working Class. New York: Verso.
67. Saikku, Mikko 2005 This Delta, This Land: An Environmental History of the Yazoo-Mississippi Floodplain. Athens: University of Georgia Press.
68. Scott, James C. 1985 Weapons of the Weak: Everyday Forms of Peasant Resistance. New Haven, CT: Yale University Press.
69. Scott, James C. 1990 Domination and the Arts of Resistance: Hidden Transcripts. New Haven, CT: Yale University Press.
70. Shepherd, Ted 1999 The Chinese of Greenville, Mississippi. Greenville, MS: Burford Brothers.
71. Sillers, Florence Warfield, comp. 1976[1948] History of Bolivar County, Mississippi. Spartanburg, SC: Reprint Company.
72. Smith, Frank Ellis 1967 Congressmen from Mississippi. New York: Capricorn.
73. Smith, J. Douglas 2002 Managing White Supremacy: Race, Politics, and Citizenship in Jim Crow Virginia. Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press.
74. Solomon, Harold W. 1972 The Early History of the Hebrew Union Congregation of Greenville, Mississippi. Greenville, MS: Harold W. Solomon.
75. Stack, Carol 1997[1974] All Our Kin. New York: Basic Books.
76. Stepenoff, Bonnie 2003 Thad Snow: A Life of Social Reform in the Missouri Bootheel. Columbia: University of Missouri Press.
77. Stockley, Grif 2001 Blood in their Eyes: The Elaine Race Massacres of 1919. Fayetteville: University of Arkansas Press.
78. Thornell, John 2003 Struggle for Identity in the Most Southern Place on Earth: The Chinese in the Mississippi Delta. Chinese America: History and Perspectives. Electronic document, htp://www.questia.com/ PM.qst?a=o&d=5001901288, accessed January 2, 2005.
79. Turitz, Leo E., and Evelyn Turitz 1995[1983] Jews in Early Mississippi. Jackson: University Press of Mississippi.
80. U.S. Census Bureau 2003 U.S. Census Bureau. State and County Quick-Facts. Mississippi QuickFacts. Electronic document, http://quickfacts.census.gov/qfd/states/28000.html, accessed January 8, 2005.
81. U.S. Census Bureau 2005 Federal, State, and Local Governments, Consolidated Federal Funds Report. Governments Division, Federal Programs Branch. Electronic document, http://harvester.census.gov/cffr/ asp/Geography.asp, accessed January 8, 2005.
82. University of Virginia Geospatial and Statistical Data Center 2004 United States Historical Census Data Browser. Electronic document, http://fisher.lib.virginia.edu/census/, accessed June 30, 2005.
83. Washington County Chancery Clerk 1939-43 Plat Book 3A. Washington County Courthouse, Greenville, Mississippi.
84. Whayne, Jeannie, ed. 1993 Shadows over Sunnyside: An Arkansas Plantation in Transition, 1830-1945. Fayetteville: University of Arkansas Press.
85. Whayne, Jeannie, ed. 1996 A New Plantation South: Land, Labor, and Federal Favor in Twentieth-Century Arkansas. Charlottesville: University Press of Virginia.
86. Whayne, Jeannie, ed. 2002 The Changing Face of Sharecropping and Tenancy. In Revolution in the Land: Southern Agriculture in the Twentieth Century, 18th Annual Forum on Turning Points in History. Connie L. Lester, ed. Pp. 41-62. Mississippi State: Mississippi State University Department of History.
87. Willis, John C. 2000 Forgotten Time: The Yazoo Mississippi Delta after the Civil War. Charlottesville: University Press of Virginia.
88. Wolf, Eric 1982 Europe and the People without History. Berkeley: University of California Press.
89. Woodward, C. Van 1971 Origins of the New South, 1877-1913. Baton Rouge: Louisiana State University Press.
90. Woofter, Thomas Jackson, Jr. 1936 Landlord and Tenant on the Cotton Plantation. Works Progress Administration Research Monographs, 5. Washington, DC: Works Progress Administration.
91. Wyatt-Brown, Bertram 1994 The House of Percy. New York: Oxford University Press.