Two-flap palatoplasty: 20-Year experience and evolution of surgical technique

Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery

Volumn 118, Issue 1, 2006, Pages 193-204

  Salyer, Kenneth E ^a   Sng, Karen W E ^b   Sperry, Elizabeth E ^b  

^a International Craniofacial Institute   (United States)

^b NONE

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

ARTICLE; CLEFT PALATE; FEMALE; HUMAN; INCIDENCE; INFANT; MAJOR CLINICAL STUDY; MALE; NOSE AIRFLOW; PALATOPHARYNGEAL INCOMPETENCE; PALATOPLASTY; PHARYNX RECONSTRUCTION; PRESCHOOL CHILD; PRIORITY JOURNAL; RETROSPECTIVE STUDY; SPEECH ANALYSIS; SPEECH DISORDER; SURGICAL PATIENT; SURGICAL TECHNIQUE; TREATMENT OUTCOME; DISSECTION; HARD PALATE; METHODOLOGY; ORAL SURGERY; PALATE; POSTOPERATIVE COMPLICATION; SOFT PALATE; SPEECH; SUTURING METHOD;

CHILD, PRESCHOOL; CLEFT PALATE; DISSECTION; FEMALE; HUMANS; INFANT; MALE; ORAL SURGICAL PROCEDURES; PALATE; PALATE, HARD; PALATE, SOFT; POSTOPERATIVE COMPLICATIONS; RETROSPECTIVE STUDIES; SPEECH; SUTURE TECHNIQUES; TREATMENT OUTCOME; VELOPHARYNGEAL INSUFFICIENCY;

EID: 33746786064     PISSN: 00321052     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1097/01.prs.0000220875.87222.ac     Document Type: Article

References (60)

1. Bardach, J. Rozszczepywarg; gornej podniebienia. Warsaw, Panstwowy zaklad wydawn. Le Karkich, 1967.
2. Bardach, J. Unilateral cleft palate repair. In G. A. Gates (Ed.), Current Therapy in Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, 1984-1985. Philadelphia: Decker, 1984. Pp. 350-355.
3. Salyer, K. E. Cleft palate and velopharyngeal function. In Selected Readings in Plastic Surgery, Vol. 2. Dallas, Texas: Selected Readings in Plastic Surgery, Inc., 1983.
4. Salyer, K. E. Cleft palate and velopharyngeal function. In Selected Readings in Plastic Surgery, Vol. 3. Dallas, Texas: Selected Readings in Plastic Surgery, Inc., 1985.
5. Bardach, J. Salyer and Bardach's Atlas of Craniofacial and Cleft Surgery, Vol. II: Cleft Lip and Palate Surgery. Philadelphia: Lippincott-Raven, 1999.
6. Bardach, J., and Salyer, K. E. Surgical Techniques in Cleft Lip and Palate, 2nd Ed. St Louis: Mosby-Year Book, 1991. Pp. 224-273.
7. Fisher, M. B., and Logemann, J. A. The Fisher-Logemann Test of Articulatory Competence. New York: Houghton Mifflin, 1971.
8. Templin, M., and Darley, F. The Templin-Darley Tests of Articulation. Iowa City, Iowa: The University of Iowa Bureau of Educational Research and Services Extension, 1969.
9. Goldman, R., and Fristoe, M. The Goldman-Fristoe Test of Articulation. Circle Pines, Minn.: American Guidance Services, 1986, 2000.
10. Bzoch, K. R. Measurement and assessment of categorical aspects of cleft palate speech. In K. R. Bzoch (Ed.), Communicative Disorders Related to Cleft Lip and Palate. 2nd Ed. Boston: Little, Brown, 1979.
11. Wilson, F. Wilson Voice Profile. Bellingham, Wash.: Voice Tapes, Inc., 1990.
12. Johns, D. F., and Salyer, K. E. A method of correcting difficult problems of velopharyngeal insufficiency. Presented at the Annual Meeting of the American Cleft Palate Association, in San Francisco, Calif., 1976.
13. Bardach, J., and Kelly, K. M. Does interference with mucoperiosteum and palatal bone affect craniofacial growth? An experimental study in beagles. Plast. Reconstr. Surg. 86: 1093, 1990.
14. Millard D. R., Jr. Cleft Craft, Vol. 3. Boston: Little, Brown, 1980. Pp. 231-247.
15. Lisson, J. A., Schilke, R., and Trankmann, J. Transverse changes after surgical closure of complete cleft lip, alveolus and palate. Clin. Oral Invest. 3: 18, 1999.
16. Shetye, P. R. Facial growth of adults with unoperated cleft. Clin. Plast. Surg. 31: 361, 2004.
17. Bardach, J. The influence of cleft lip repair on facial growth. Cleft Palate J. 27: 76, 1990.
18. Bardach, J., Kelly, K. M., and Salyer, K. E. A comparative study of facial growth following lip and palate repair performed in sequence and simultaneously: An experimental study in beagles. Plast. Reconstr. Surg. 93: 1008, 1993.
19. Capelozza, F. L., Normando, A. D., and da Silva Filho, O. G. Isolated influences of lip and palate surgery on facial growth: Comparison in operated and unoperated male adults with UCLP. Cleft Palate Craniofac. J. 33: 51, 1996.
20. Dorf, D. S., and Curtin, J. W. Early cleft palate repair and speech outcome. Plast. Reconstr. Surg. 70: 74, 1982.
21. Witzel, M. A., Salyer, K. E., and Ross, R. B. Delayed hard palate closure: The philosophy revisited. Cleft Palate Craniofac. J. 21: 263, 1984.
22. Bardach, J., Morris, H. L., Olin, W. H., et al. The Iowa-Hamburg project. In J. Bardach and H. L. Morris (Eds.), Multidisciplinary Management of Cleft Lip and Palate. Philadelphia: Saunders, 1990. Pp. 98-112.
23. Cutting, C. B., Rosenbaum, J., and Rovati, L. The technique of muscle repair in the cleft soft palate. Oper. Tech. Plast. Reconstr. Surg. 2: 215, 1995.
24. Haapanen, M. Effect of method of cleft palate repair on the quality of speech at the age of 6 years. Scand. J. Plast. Reconstr. Hand Surg. 29: 245, 1995.
25. Seyfer, A. E., and Simon, C. D. Long-term results following the repair of palatal clefts: A comparison of three different techniques. Plast. Reconstr. Surg. 83: 785, 1989.
26. Haapanen, M. L., and Rantala, S. L. Correlation between the age at repair and speech outcome in patients with isolated cleft palate. Scand. J. Plast. Reconstr. Hand Surg. 26: 71, 1992.
27. Ysunza, A., Pamplona, M. C., Mendoza, M., Garcia-Velasco, M., Aguilar, M. P., and Guerrero, M. E. Speech outcome and maxillary growth in patients with unilateral complete cleft lip/palate operated on at 6 versus 12 months of age. Plast. Reconstr. Surg. 102: 675, 1998.
28. Bardach, J., Morris, H. L., and Olin, W. H. Late results of primary veloplasty: The Marburg project. Plast. Reconstr. Surg. 73: 207, 1984.
29. Witzel, M. A., and Posnick, J. C. Patterns and location of velopharyngeal valving problems: Atypical findings on video nasopharyngoscopy. Cleft Palate J. 26: 63, 1989.
30. Chen, P. K. T., Wu, J. T., Chen, Y. R., and Noordhoff, M. S. Correction of secondary velopharyngeal insufficiency in cleft palate patients with the Furlow palatoplasty. Plast. Reconstr. Surg. 94: 933, 1994.
31. Kriens, O. B. Fundamental anatomic findings for an intravelar veloplasty. Cleft Palate J. 7: 27, 1970.
32. Braithwaite, F. Cleft palate repair. In T. Gibson (Ed.), Modern Trends in Plastic Surgery. London: Butterworths, 1964.
33. Kriens, O. B. An anatomical approach to veloplasty. Plast. Reconstr. Surg. 43: 29, 1969.
34. Dreyer, T. M., and Trier, W. C. A comparison of palatoplasty techniques. Cleft Palate Craniofac. J. 21: 251, 1984.
35. Trier, W. C., and Dreyer, T. M. Primary von Langenbeck palatoplasty with levator reconstruction: rationale and technique. Cleft Palate Craniofac. J. 21: 254, 1984.
36. Sommerlad, B. C. A technique for cleft palate repair. Plast. Reconstr. Surg. 112: 1542, 2003.
37. Marsh, J. L., Grames, L. M., and Holtman, B. Intravelar veloplasty: A prospective study. Cleft Palate Craniofac. J. 26: 46, 1989.
38. Salyer, K. E., and Sperry, E. Long-term speech outcomes in two-flap palatoplasty with and without transection of the tensor veli palatini. Presented at the 81st Annual Meeting of the American Association of Plastic Surgeons, Seattle, Wash., April 25-28, 2002.
39. Bae, Y. C., Kim, J. H., Lee, J., Hwang, S. M., and Kim, S. S. Comparative study of the extent of palatal lengthening by different methods. Ann. Plast. Surg. 48: 359, 2002.
40. Millard, D. R., Jr. Cleft Craft, Vol. 3. Boston: Little, Brown, 1980. Pp. 473-495.
41. Kobus, K. Extended vomer flap in the early repair of a cleft palate. Scand. J. Plast. Reconstr. Surg. 21: 95, 1987.
42. Hogan, M. Personal communication, 1973
43. Pigott, R. W. Objectives for cleft palate repair. Ann. Plast. Surg. 19: 247, 1987.
44. Huang, M. H., Lee, S. T., and Rajendran, K. Structure of the musculus uvulae: Functional and surgical implications of an anatomic study. Cleft Palate Craniofac. J. 34: 466, 1997.
45. Gillies, H. D., and Fry, W. K. A new principle in the surgical treatment of "congenital cleft palate" and its mechanical counterpart. Br. Med. J. 1: 335, 1921.
46. Witzel, M. A. Personal communication, 1983.
47. Schweckendiek, H. Zur zweiphasigen Gaumenspalten-Operation bei primarem Velumverschub. Fortschr. Kiefer Gesichtschir. 98: 236, 1944.
48. Rohrich, R. J., Rowsell, A. R., Johns, D. F., et al. Timing of hard palatal closure: A critical long-term analysis. Plast. Reconstr. Surg. 98: 236, 1996.
49. Schweckendiek, W. Primary veloplasty: Long-term results without maxillary deformity. A twenty-five year report. Cleft Palate J. 15: 268, 1978.
50. Rohrich, R. J., Love, E. J., Byrd, S., and Johns, D. F. Optimal timing of cleft palate closure. Plast. Reconstr. Surg. 106: 413, 2000.
51. Pigott, R. W., Albery, E. H., Hathorn, I. S., et al. A comparison of three methods of repairing the hard palate. Cleft Palate Craniofac. J. 39: 383, 2002.
52. Friede, H., Enocson, L., Moller, M., and Owman-Moll, P. Maxillary dental arch and occlusion in repaired clefts of the secondary palate: Influence of surgical closure with minimal denudation of bone. Scand. J. Plast. Reconstr. Hand Surg. 34: 213, 2000.
53. Bardach, J., Mooney, M., and Bardach, E. The influence of two-flap palatoplasty on facial growth in beagles. Plast. Reconstr. Surg. 69: 927, 1982.
54. Krause, C. J., Tharp, R. F., and Morris, H. L. A comparative study of results of the von Langenbeck and the V-Y pushback palatoplasties. Cleft Palate J. 13: 11, 1976.
55. Kirschner, R. E., Wang, P., Jawad, A., et al. Cleft-palate repair by modified Furlow double-opposing z-plasty: The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia experience. Plast. Reconstr. Surg. 106: 1998, 1999.
56. Marrinan, E. M., LaBrie, R. A., and Mulliken, J. B. Velopharyngeal function in nonsyndromic cleft palate: Relevance of surgical technique, age at repair, and cleft type. Cleft Palate Craniofac. J. 35: 95, 1998.
57. Kirschner, R. E., Randall, P., Wang, P., et al. Cleft palate repair at 3 to 7 months of age. Plast. Reconstr. Surg. 105: 2127, 2000.
58. Sperry, E. E., Salyer, K. E., and Sng, K. W. E. A 33-year retrospective study evaluating surgical and speech outcomes in non-syndromal clefts. Presented at the 61st Annual Meeting of the American Cleft Palate-Craniofacial Association, Chicago, Ill., March 15-20, 2004.
59. Salyer, K. E. Correlation between age of patient, type of cleft and speech results following two-flap palatoplasty. Presented at the 72nd Annual Meeting of the American Association of Plastic Surgeons, in Philadelphia, Pa., May 9-12, 1993.
60. Witt, P., Wahlen, J. C., Marsh, J. L., Grames, L. M., and Pilgram, T. K. The effect of surgeon experience on velopharyngeal functional outcome following palatoplasty: Is there a learning curve? Plast. Reconstr. Surg. 102: 1375, 1998.