메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn 43, Issue 4, 2006, Pages 505-525

Requirements and system design for a robot performing selective cleaning in young forest stands

Author keywords

Autonomous outdoor vehicle; Forestry; Off road robot; Pre commercial thinning

Indexed keywords

COMPUTER VISION; FORESTRY; LASER APPLICATIONS; RADAR; SCANNING;

EID: 33746617232     PISSN: 00224898     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/j.jterra.2005.07.001     Document Type: Article
Times cited : (18)

References (79)
  • 1
    • 33746615730 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Andersson PO, Svensson S. Skogsvård i Norden -nuläge och framtidsbedömning (Silviculture in the Nordic countries - present situation and future outlook). Redogörelse nr. 8, Forskningsstiftelsen Skogsarbeten, Stockholm, Sweden; 1976. p. 23 [in Swedish with English summary]. ISSN: 0346-6671.
  • 2
    • 33746656834 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Anon. Skogsvårdslagen: med tillämpningsanvisningar [Swedish Forestry Act: applicational instructions]. Stockholm (Sweden): National Board of Forestry; 1975. 54 pp. [in Swedish].
  • 3
    • 33746582089 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Anon. Collins English dictionary. 3rd updated standard edition. Glasgow (UK): HarperCollins Publishers; 1995. ISBN: 0 00 470678-1.
  • 4
    • 33746585440 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Anon. Statistical yearbook of forestry. Jönköping, (Sweden): Sveriges officiella statistik, National Board of Forestry; 1995. p. 245 [in Swedish with English summary]. ISBN: 91-88462-25-0.
  • 5
    • 33746626586 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Anon. Röjning [Cleaning]. Falun (Sweden): StoraEnso Skog; 1999. p. 9, 12 [in Swedish].
  • 6
    • 33746629538 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Anon. Skogsencyklopedin [The forest encyclopaedia]. Stockholm (Sweden): Sveriges Skogsvårdsförbund; 2000. p. 357, 389-90 [in Swedish]. ISBN: 91-7646-041-X.
  • 7
    • 33746606142 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Anon. Annual report. Pointe-Claire (Que., Canada): Forest Engineering Research Institute of Canada; 2001. p. 8. Available from: .
  • 8
    • 33746638127 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Anon. Australian centre for field robotics - 2001 annual report. Sydney (Australia): University of Sydney; 2001.
  • 9
    • 33746618955 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Anon. Statistical yearbook of forestry. Sveriges officiella statistik, Jönköping (Sweden): National Board of Forestry; 2003. p. 118, 127, 237 [in Swedish with English summary]. ISBN: 91-88462-54-4.
  • 10
    • 33746590435 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Berg H, Bäckström PO, Gustavsson R, Hägglund B. Några system för ungskogsröjning-en analys [Analysis of some systems for cleaning of young forest stands]. Redogörelse Nr 5, Forskningsstiftelsen Skogsarbeten, Stockholm, Sweden; 1973. p. 12 [in Swedish]. ISSN: 0346-6671.
  • 11
    • 33746659992 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Berg S. Terrain classification system for forestry work. Kista (Sweden): Forskningsstiftelsen Skogsarbeten; 1992. 28 pp. ISBN: 91-7614-078-4.
  • 12
    • 33746623846 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Bergh C, Kennedy B, Matthies L, Johnson A. A compact, low power two-axis scanning laser rangefinder for mobile robots. In: The 7th mechatronics forum international conference, Atlanta, Georgia, USA; 2000. 6 pp.
  • 13
    • 33746608246 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Blackmore S, Fountas S, Have H. Proposed system architecture to enable behavioral control of an autonomous tractor. In: Zhang Q, editor. Automation technology for off-road equipment, Proceedings of the July 26-27, 2002 Conference, Chicago, IL, USA; 2002. p. 13-23. ASAE Publication Number 701P0502.
  • 14
    • 33746603690 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Blackmore S, Have H, Fountas S. Specification of behavioural requirements for an autonomous tractor. In: Zhang Q, editor. Automation technology for off-road equipment, Proceedings of the July 26-27, 2002 Conference, Chicago, IL, USA; 2002. p. 33-42. ASAE Publication Number 701P0502.
  • 15
    • 33746602833 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Brunberg B. Handledning i Röjning [Manual for cleaning]. Kista (Sweden): Forskningsstiftelsen Skogsarbeten; 1990. p. 6, 39-40 (In Swedish). ISBN: 91-7614-073-3.
  • 17
    • 84958497912 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Dunn SM, Liang T. Geometry guided segmentation. In: Casasent P, editor. Proceedings SPIE, vol. 1002, Intelligent robots and computer vision VII; 1989. p. 194. ISBN: 0-8194-0037-8.
  • 19
    • 33746655534 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Eickhoff K. Beståndsval vid maskinell röjning [Stand selection when cleaning is made mechanical]. Resultat Nr. 3, Forskningsstiftelsen Skogsarbeten, Spånga (Sweden); 1987. 4 pp. [in Swedish]. ISSN: 0280-1884.
  • 20
    • 0242669944 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Influence on sapling height and temperature on damage to advanced regeneration
    • Eliasson L., Lageson H., and Valinger E. Influence on sapling height and temperature on damage to advanced regeneration. Forest Ecol Manage 175 1-3 (2003) 217-222
    • (2003) Forest Ecol Manage , vol.175 , Issue.1-3 , pp. 217-222
    • Eliasson, L.1    Lageson, H.2    Valinger, E.3
  • 21
    • 33746652294 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Erikson M, Vestlund K. Finding tree-stems in laser range images of young mixed stands to perform selective cleaning. In: Hyyppä J, Naesset E, Olsson H, Granqvist-Pahlén T, Reese H, editors. Proceedings of the scandlaser scientific workshop on airborne laser scanning forests, September 3-4, 2003, Umeå, Sweden. Working Paper 112, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Umeå, Sweden; 2003. p. 244-50. ISSN: 1401-1204.
  • 22
    • 33746645346 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Eriksson B. Snödjupsförhållanden i Sverige, säsongerna 1950/51-1979/80 (Snow conditions in Sweden during the seasons 1950/51-1979/80). Report no. 59, SMHI reports meteorology and climatology, SMHI, Norrköping, Sweden; 1990. p. 37-9 [in Swedish with English summary]. ISSN: 0347-2116.
  • 23
    • 33746641455 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Everett HR. Sensors for mobile robots: theory and application. Wellesley (MA, USA): A.K. Peters; 1995. 528 pp. ISBN: 1-56881-048-2.
  • 24
    • 33746649250 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Forsman P. Feature based registration of 3D perception data for indoor and outdoor map building. In: Halme A, Chatila R, Prassler E, editors. Proceedings of the 3rd international conference on field and service robotics, 11-13 June, Finland; 2001. p. 367-72. ISBN: 952-5183-13-0.
  • 25
    • 33746596726 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • García-Alegre MC, Ribeiro A, García-Pérez L, Martínez R, Guinea D, Pozo-Ruz A. Robot in agriculture tasks. In: 3ECPA-3 European conference on precision agriculture, Montpellier; France; 2001. 7 pp. ISBN: 2-900792-13-4.
  • 26
    • 33746653915 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Gellerstedt S, Moberg L, Jansson CJ, Asplund C, Herlitz A. Automatiserad röjning, del 1. (Automated mechanical spacing of young stands of forest, Part 1). Research Note No. 4, Department of Forest Management and Products, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Uppsala, Sweden; 1999 [in Swedish with English summary]. ISSN: 1403-9516.
  • 27
  • 28
    • 33746617055 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Gillet J, McCuaig R, Scherzinger B, Lithopoulos E. Tightly coupled inertial/GPS system for precision forestry surveys under canopy: test results. In: First international precision forestry symposium, June 17-20, 2001. Seattle (WA, USA): University of Washington; 2001.
  • 29
    • 33746603689 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Gotthardsson N, Utvärdering av precision och noggranhet hos GPS-mottagare i skördarmiljö (Evaluation of precision and accuracy of GPS-recievers in a harvester environment). Students' reports No. 61, Forest technology, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Umeå, Sweden; 2003. p. 17, 23-6 [in Swedish with English summary].
  • 30
    • 33746591859 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Gustavsson R. Typbestånd i röjningsskog (Type stands for cleaning). Research Note No. 70, Department of Operational Efficiency, Royal College of Forestry, Garpenberg, Sweden; 1974. 54 pp. [in Swedish with English summary]. ISSN: 0585-332X.
  • 31
    • 33746655535 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Halme A. Mobile robotics in unstructured environments - some advanced applications. In: Gellerstedt S, Asplund C, Wästerlund I, editors. 1996 Robotics with application to forestry. Research Note No. 285, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Garpenberg, Sweden; 1996. p. 16-24. ISSN: 0282-2377.
  • 32
    • 33746604509 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Halme A, Leppänen I, Ylönen S, Kettunen I. Workpartner - centaur-like service robot for outdoor applications. In: Halme A, Chatila R, Prassler E, editors. Proceedings of the 3rd international conference on field and service robotics, 11-13 June, 2001, Finland; 2001. p. 217-23. ISBN: 952-5183-13-0. See also: .
  • 33
    • 0036645236 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Online learning and adaptation of autonomous mobile robots for sustainable agriculture
    • Hagras H., Colley M., Callaghan V., and Carr-West M. Online learning and adaptation of autonomous mobile robots for sustainable agriculture. Auton Robot 13 1 (2002) 37-52
    • (2002) Auton Robot , vol.13 , Issue.1 , pp. 37-52
    • Hagras, H.1    Colley, M.2    Callaghan, V.3    Carr-West, M.4
  • 34
    • 0033640607 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Ground based sensing systems for autonomous agricultural vehicles
    • Hague T., Marchant J.A., and Tillett N.D. Ground based sensing systems for autonomous agricultural vehicles. Comput Electron Agric 1-2 25 (2000) 11-28
    • (2000) Comput Electron Agric , vol.1-2 , Issue.25 , pp. 11-28
    • Hague, T.1    Marchant, J.A.2    Tillett, N.D.3
  • 35
    • 33746643070 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Hassel M, Hertzberg, J. Sensor fusion for localizing a mobile robot outside of buildings. In: Devy M, Lerasle F, editors. Proceedings of the 9th international symposium on intelligent robotic systems Toulouse, France; 2001. p. 477-84.
  • 36
    • 33746639765 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Have H. Autonomous weeders for Christmas tree plantations-a feasibility study. Pesticides Research No. 59, Danish Environmental Protection Agency, Danish Ministry of the Environment, København, Denmark; 2002. 88 pp. ISBN: 87-7972-135-4.
  • 37
    • 33746652676 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Hellström C. Mechanized cleaning in Sweden. Results No. 2, SkogForsk, Kista, Sweden; 1992. 4 pp. ISSN: 1103-6222.
  • 38
    • 33746619781 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Hellström T. Autonomous navigation for forest machines, a pre-study. Department of Computing Science, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden; 2002. 60 pp., ISSN: 0348-0542.
  • 39
    • 33746641041 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Högström T. Making a forest out of trees - Methods for segmenting range images of forest environments. In: Tele-commands for semi autonomous control in tele-robotics. Linköping studies in science and technology. Licentiate Thesis No. 624, Institute of Technology, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden; 1997. ISSN: 0280-7971.
  • 40
    • 0343049159 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The effect of traffic by light forest machinery on the growth of young Norway spruce trees
    • Jansson J., and Wästerlund I. The effect of traffic by light forest machinery on the growth of young Norway spruce trees. Scand J Forest Res 14 6 (1999) 581-588
    • (1999) Scand J Forest Res , vol.14 , Issue.6 , pp. 581-588
    • Jansson, J.1    Wästerlund, I.2
  • 41
    • 33746636143 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Johansson T. Biologiska synpunkter vid maskinell röjning [Biological aspects in mechanized cleaning]. In: Kombinationsröjning [Combined cleaning]. Resultat Nr. 14, Forskningsstiftelsen Skogsarbeten, Uppsala, Sweden; 1991. p. 4 [in Swedish]. ISSN: 0280-1884.
  • 43
    • 33746627001 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Kourtz P. Autonomous forestry robots for brushing and thinning in young conifer stands: early Canadian experiences. In: Gellerstedt S, Asplund C, Wästerlund I, editors. Robotics with application to forestry. Uppsatser och resultat Nr. 285, Department of Operational Efficiency, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Garpenberg, Sweden; 1996. p. 25-38. ISSN: 0282-2377.
  • 44
    • 33746645345 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Kurabyashi D, Asaman H. Navigation method by distributed map management for autonomous bush removal robot. In: Halme A, Chatila R, Prassler E, editors. Proceedings of the 3rd international conference on field and service robotics, 11-13 June, Finland; 2001. p. 361-66. ISBN: 952-5138-13-0.
  • 45
    • 33746603688 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Löfgren B, Christensen HI, Alm H, Ohlsson K. Intelligenta kranar för utomhusbruk [Intelligent out-door booms]. Work Report No. 454. SkogForsk, Uppsala, Sweden; 2000, p. 24-30 [in Swedish]. ISSN: 1404-305X.
  • 46
    • 33746613804 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Ligné D. Sammanställning av patent och principer rörande röjning (Compilation of patents and principles concerning cleaning). Students' Reports No. 24, Forest Technology, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Umeå, Sweden; 1999. p. 1-2 [in Swedish with English summary].
  • 47
    • 33746583304 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Ligné, D. New technical and alternative silvicultural approaches to pre-commercial thinning. Umeå (Sweden): Acta Universitatis agriculturae Sueciae. Silvestria, Department of Silviculture, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, 2004. ISBN: 91-576-6715-2.
  • 48
    • 33746618515 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Lindman J. Maskinell röjning-en presentation [Mechanical cleaning - a presentation]. Resultat Nr. 2, Forskningsstiftelsen Skogsarbeten, Spånga, Sweden; 1987. 4 pp. [in Swedish]. ISSN: 0280-1884.
  • 49
    • 0030672024 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Row-following accuracy of an autonomous vision-guided agricultural vehicle
    • Marchant J.A., Hague T., and Tillett N.D. Row-following accuracy of an autonomous vision-guided agricultural vehicle. Comput Electron Agric 16 2 (1997) 165-175
    • (1997) Comput Electron Agric , vol.16 , Issue.2 , pp. 165-175
    • Marchant, J.A.1    Hague, T.2    Tillett, N.D.3
  • 50
    • 0034273417 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Locomotion control of a four-legged robot embedding real-time reasoning in the force distribution
    • Martins-Filho L.S., and Prajoux R. Locomotion control of a four-legged robot embedding real-time reasoning in the force distribution. Robot Auton Syst 32 4 (2000) 219-235
    • (2000) Robot Auton Syst , vol.32 , Issue.4 , pp. 219-235
    • Martins-Filho, L.S.1    Prajoux, R.2
  • 51
    • 33746654663 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Mattsson S, Westerberg D. Röjmaskiner i praktisk drift [Cleaning machines in operational use]. Resultat Nr. 5, SkogForsk, Uppsala; 1992. 4 pp. [in Swedish]. ISSN: 1103-4173.
  • 52
    • 0003990856 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • MIT Press, Cambridge (MA, USA). 0-262-13383-0 466 pp.
    • Murphy R. Introduction to AI robotics (2000), MIT Press, Cambridge (MA, USA). 0-262-13383-0 466 pp.
    • (2000) Introduction to AI robotics
    • Murphy, R.1
  • 53
    • 33746629537 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Noguchi N, Reid JF, Will J, Benson E, Stombaugh TS. Vehicle automation system based on multi-sensor integration. ASAE Paper 983111. St. Joseph, MI; 1998. UILU-ENG-98-7021.
  • 54
    • 33746623056 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Holmen Skog, Örnsköldsvik (Sweden) p. 4-7 [in Swedish]
    • Normark E., and Bergqvist G. Röjningshandledning (Cleaning manual) (2000), Holmen Skog, Örnsköldsvik (Sweden) p. 4-7 [in Swedish]
    • (2000) Cleaning manual
    • Normark, E.1    Bergqvist, G.2
  • 55
    • 33746610712 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Nordfjell T. Små terrängmaskiner för skogsbruk, egenskaper och krav [Samll terrain machines for forestry, performance and requirements]. Uppsatser och Resultat nr 163, Department of Operational efficiency, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Garpenberg, Sweden; 1989. p. 204-5 [in Swedish with English summary]. ISSN: 0282-2377.
  • 56
    • 33746625306 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Nordfjell T. Studier av framkomlighet och lastbärande förmåga för små terrängfordon [Studies of mobility and load capacity of small terrain vehicles]. Uppsatser och Resultat nr 265, Department of Operational efficiency, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Garpenberg, Sweden; 1994. p. 12-3 [in Swedish with English summary]. ISSN: 0282-2377.
  • 57
    • 33746657364 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • O'Connor M, Bell T, Elkaim G, Parkinson B. Automatic steering of farm vehicles using GPS. In: Proceedings of the third international conference on precision agriculture; Minneapolis, MA, USA; 1996. 10 pp.
  • 58
    • 33746616163 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Ollis M. Perception algorithms for a harvesting robot. Carnegie Mellon University, Doctoral Dissertation, CMU-RI-TR-97-43; Pittsburgh, PA, USA; 1997. 96 pp.
  • 59
    • 0029719329 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Ollis L, Stentz A. First results in vision-based crop-line tracking. In: 1996 Proceedings of the IEEE robotics an automation conference, Minneapolis, MN, USA; 1996. p 951-6.
  • 60
    • 33746648255 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Ollis L, Stentz A. Vision-based perception for an automated harvester. In: Proceedings of IROS'97, Grenoble, France; 1997.
  • 61
    • 0037262982 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Evaluation of architectures for mobile robotics
    • Orebäck A., and Christensen H.I. Evaluation of architectures for mobile robotics. Auton Robot 14 1 (2003) 33-49
    • (2003) Auton Robot , vol.14 , Issue.1 , pp. 33-49
    • Orebäck, A.1    Christensen, H.I.2
  • 62
    • 33746632698 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Petré E. Maskinell röjning med kranspetsmonterat aggregat (Mechanized cleaning with boom-mounted flail). Forskningsstiftelsen Skogsarbeten, Redogörelse no 4, Spånga, Sweden; 1984. p. 11. [in Swedish with English summary]. ISSN: 0346-6671.
  • 63
    • 33746649641 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Pettersson B, Bäcke J. Röjningsundersökning 1997, Produktion-Miljö [Cleaning inventory 1997, yield-environment]. Meddelanden Nr 7, Swedish National Board of Forestry, Jönköping, Sweden; 1998. 18 pp. [in Swedish]. ISSN: 1100-0295.
  • 64
    • 33746614488 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Pilarski T, Happold M, Pangels H, Ollis L, Fitzpatrick K, Stentz A. The demeter system for automated harvesting. In: American nuclear society 8th international topical meeting on robotics and remote systems, Pittsburgh, PA, USA; 1999. 10 pp.
  • 65
    • 0142011206 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Navigating an outdoor robot along continuous landmarks with ultrasonic sensing
    • Ratner D., and McKerrow P. Navigating an outdoor robot along continuous landmarks with ultrasonic sensing. Robot Auton Syst 45 2 (2003) 73-82
    • (2003) Robot Auton Syst , vol.45 , Issue.2 , pp. 73-82
    • Ratner, D.1    McKerrow, P.2
  • 66
    • 33746622220 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Reid JF. Precision guidance of agricultural vehicles. SME Meeting, Sapporo, Japan, UILU-ENG-7031; 1998.
  • 67
    • 33746641454 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Ryans M, St-Amour M. Mechanized systems for early stand tending in central and eastern Canada. Report No. 2, SkogForsk, Uppsala, Sweden; 1996. p. 189-98. ISSN: 1103-6648.
  • 68
    • 33746608659 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Simmons R, Henriksen L, Chrisman L, Whelan G. Obstacle avoidance and safeguarding for a lunar rover. In: Proceedings AIAA forum on advanced developments in space robotics, Madison WI, USA August; 1996. 9 pp.
  • 69
    • 0031257406 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The state of the art in automation of earthmoving
    • Singh S. The state of the art in automation of earthmoving. ASCE J Aerospace Eng 10 4 (1997) 179-188
    • (1997) ASCE J Aerospace Eng , vol.10 , Issue.4 , pp. 179-188
    • Singh, S.1
  • 70
    • 0035759028 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Stentz A. Robotic technologies for outdoor industrial vehicles. In: Proceedings of SPIE AeroSense, Conference on unmanned vehicles, Orlando, Florida, USA; 2001.
  • 71
    • 33746638126 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Suomela J, Kuusela J, Halme A. Millimeter wave radar for close terrain mapping of an intelligent autonomous vehicle. In: 2nd IFAC conference on intelligent autonomous vehicles, Helsinki University of Technology, Espoo, Finland; 1995. p. 349-54.
  • 72
    • 33746616618 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Söderström V. Ekonomisk skogsproduktion. D. 3, Beståndsvård [Economical forest production. D3 Stand tending]. LT, Stockholm, Sweden; 1980. 216 pp. [in Swedish]. ISBN: 91-36-01486-9.
  • 73
    • 0342866346 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Soft computing algorithms for intelligent control of mobile robot for specific use. Part 2: Path planning, navigation and technology operations
    • Tanaka T., Ohwi J., Litvintseva L.V., Yamafuji K., and Ulyanov S.V. Soft computing algorithms for intelligent control of mobile robot for specific use. Part 2: Path planning, navigation and technology operations. Soft Comput 1 2 (1997) 99-106
    • (1997) Soft Comput , vol.1 , Issue.2 , pp. 99-106
    • Tanaka, T.1    Ohwi, J.2    Litvintseva, L.V.3    Yamafuji, K.4    Ulyanov, S.V.5
  • 74
    • 33746595012 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Tarp-Johansen MJ. Locating individual trees in even-aged oak stands by digital image processing of aerial photographs. PhD Thesis, Royal Veterinary and Agricultural University, Copenhagen, Denmark; 2001. 158 pp.
  • 75
    • 33746615729 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Vestlund K. Autonom röjning, förutsättningar (Autonomous cleaning of young forest stands, conditions). Report No. 12, Department of Forest Management, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Uppsala, Sweden; 2001. 39 pp. [in Swedish with English summary]. ISSN: 1403-9516.
  • 76
    • 33746656416 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Vestlund K. Redovisning av intervjuer med tre personer som utför ungskogsröjning (Report of interviews with three persons performing cleaning and spacing in young forest stands). Report No. 14, Department of Forest Management, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Uppsala, Sweden; 2001. 15 pp. [in Swedish with English summary]. ISSN: 1403-9516.
  • 77
    • 33746612133 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Wästerlund I. Mark- och beståndsskador efter mekaniserad röjning (Damage to the ground and the stand after mechanized cleaning). Uppsatser och Resultat nr 193, Department of Operational Efficiency, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Umeå, Sweden; 1990. p. 37 [in Swedish with English summary]. ISBN: 91-576-4239-7.
  • 78
    • 0034249325 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • An efficient on-line path planner for outdoor mobile robots
    • Yahja A., Singh S., and Stentz A. An efficient on-line path planner for outdoor mobile robots. Robot Auton Syst 32 2-3 (2000) 129-143
    • (2000) Robot Auton Syst , vol.32 , Issue.2-3 , pp. 129-143
    • Yahja, A.1    Singh, S.2    Stentz, A.3
  • 79
    • 33746653098 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Zhang Q, Reid JF, Noguchi N. Agricultural vehicle navigation using multiple guidance sensors. In: Proceedings of the international conference on field and service robotics, August 29-31, UILU-ENG-99-7013, The Robotics Institute at Carnige Mellon University, Pittsburg, PA, USA; 1999.


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.