Politics of Gymnastics: Mass Gymnastic Displays Under Communism in Central and Eastern Europe

Body & Society

Volumn 9, Issue 2, 2003, Pages 1-25

  Roubal, Petr ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY OF CAMBRIDGE   (United Kingdom)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

EID: 33746615657     PISSN: 1357034X     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1177/1357034X030092001     Document Type: Article

References (68)

1. Barney, Robert (1982) ‘Knights of Cause and Exercise: German Forty-eighters and Turnvereine in the United States during the Ante Bellum Period’, Canadian Journal of the History of Sport 13(2): 62-79.
2. Belšan, Pavel (1986) ‘Choreografie a funkce náciní, náradí a rezijních prostredku ve skladbách CSs' (Choreography and Function of the Exercisers: Tools and Directional Principles in the Gymnastic Performances of the Czechoslovak Spartakiads), in Sborník ze semináre FTVS UK Praha k problematice hromadných vystoupeníCeskoslovenské spartakiády (Papers of the Conference of the Physical Education Faculty, Prague, on the Gymnastic Displays of the Czechoslovak Spartakiads). Ostrava: Metasport.
3. Benjamin, Walter (1968) ‘The Work of Art in the Age of Mechanical Reproduction’, pp. 211-244 in Walter Benjamin, Illuminations. New York: Harcourt, Brace and World Inc.
4. Berdychová, Jana and Ladislav Serbus (1960) ‘VÝsledky vÝzkumu II: celostátní Spartakiády 1960’ (The Results of the Research of the Second Spartakiad 1960), Special Issue of Teorie a praxe telesné vÝchovy (Theory and Practice of Physical Education) 8.
5. Blecking, Diethelm (1990) Die Geschichte der nationalpolnischen Turnorganisation ‘Sokol’ im Deutschen Reich: 1884-1939. Münster: Lit.
6. Blecking, Diethelm (1992) ‘The Slavic Sokol Movement - Contributions on the History of Sport and Nationalism in Eastern Europe’, Jahrbucher für Geschichte Osteuropas 40(2): 223-226.
7. Bohleber, Werner (1995) ‘The Presence of the Past - Xenophobia and Rightwing Extremism in the Federal Republic of Germany: Psychoanalytic Reflections’, American Imago 52(3): 329-344.
8. Bonde, Hans (2000) ‘Male Rites of Passage: Ollerup Danish Gymnastic between the Wars’, in J.A. Mangan (ed.) Making European Masculinities: Sport, Europe, Gender. London: Frank Cass.
9. Bourdieu, Pierre (1984) Distinction: A Social Critique of the Judgement of Taste. London: Routledge.
10. Braverman, Harry (1974) Labour and Monopoly Capital. New York and London: Monthly Review Press.
11. Burden, Hamilton T. (1967) The Nuremberg Party Rallies, 1923-39. New York: Praeger.
12. Carr, G.A. (1987) ‘The Spartakiad: Its Approach and Modification from the Mass Displays of the Sokol’, Canadian Journal of History of Sport 18(1): 86-96.
13. Chvalný, Július (1980) Czechoslovak Spartakiads. Prague: Orbis.
14. Cohen, Abner (1979) ‘Political Symbolism’, Annual Review of Anthropology 8: 87-113.
15. Danó, Orsolya and Petr Roubal (eds) (2001) Bodies in Formation: Mass Gymnastic Displays under Communism (exhibition catalogue). Budapest: Open Society Archives.
16. Declaration of Civic Forum of Spartakiad Organizers (1989) Mladá Fronta, 2 December.
17. Eichberg, Henning (1995a) ‘Nationalism and the Culture of the Body - The Politicisation of ‘Popular’ Gymnastics in 19th-century Denmark’, in J.A. Mangan (ed.) Tribal Identities: Nationalism, Europe and Sport. London: Frank Cass.
18. Eichberg, Henning (1995b) ‘Stadium, Pyramid, Labyrinth: Eye and Body on the Move’, pp. 323-347 in John Bale and Olof Moen (eds) The Stadium and the City. Staffordshire: Keele University Press.
19. Eisenberg, Christiane (1996) ‘Charismatic National Leader: Turnvater Jahn’, International Journal of the History of Sport 13(1): 14-27.
20. Feld, M.D. (1975) ‘Middle-Class Society and the Rise of Military Professionalism: The Dutch Army, 1589-1609’, Armed Forces and Sociology 1(4): 419-442.
21. Foucault, Michel (1979) Discipline and Punish: The Birth of the Prison. New York: Vintage Books.
22. Geertz, Clifford (1975) The Interpretation of Cultures: Selected Essays. New York: Basic Books.
23. Geldern, James von (1993) Bolshevik Festivals, 1917-1920. Berkeley: University of California Press.
24. Girginov, Vassil and Peter Bankov (2000) ‘Fascist Political Athletes and the Body Politic: Bulgaria Reborn’, in J.A. Mangan (ed.) Superman Supreme: Fascist Body as Political Icon - Global Fascism. London: Frank Cass.
25. Guidelines for the Opening Ceremony of the 1955 Spartakiad (nd) StátníÚstrední Archiv (Central State Archives), Státní vÝbor pro telesnou vÝchovu a sport, I.CS, 1955, carton 64.
26. Hoberman, John M. (1984) Sport and Political Ideology. Austin: University of Texas Press.
27. Hohler, Vilém (1966) ‘K základním otázkám estetiky telovýchovných skladeb’ (On the Basic Questions of Aesthetics of Gymnastic Displays), Sborník vedecké rady UV CSTV (Review of the Scientific Council of the Central Committee of the Union of the Czechoslovak Physical Education) 2.
28. Jahn, Friedrich Ludwig and Ernst Eiselen (1816) Deutsche Turnkunst. Berlin.
29. Koenig, H.J. (1989) ‘Die Anfaenge der juedischen Turn- und Sportbewegung’, Stadion 15: 9-28.
30. Kössl, Jirí (1986) Dejiny telesné výchovy (History of Physical Education). Prague: Olympia.
31. Kracauer, Siegfried (1955) The Mass Ornament. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.
32. Krüger, Michael (1996) ‘Body Culture and Nation Building: The History of Gymnastics in Germany in the Period of its Foundation as a Nation-State’, International Journal of the History of Sport 13(3): 409-417.
33. Lane, Christel (1981) The Rites of Rulers: Ritual in Industrial Society - The Soviet Case. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
34. Langewiesche, Dieter (1990) ‘ “Für Volk und Vaterland kraeftig zu wirken”: Zur politischen und gesellschaftlichen Rolle der Turner zwischen 1811 und 1871’, pp. 22-61 in Ommo Grupe (ed.) Kulturgut oder Koerperkult. Tübingen: Attempto.
35. Lenin, Vladimir (1965) Collected Works, vol. 27. Moscow: Progress Publishers.
36. Liponski, Wojciech (1996) ‘An Unknown European Tradition: Polish Sport in the European Cultural Heritage’, International Journal of the History of Sport 13(2): 1-41.
37. Liponski, Wojciech (1999) ‘Sport, Politics, Class and Gender: Sport in the Slavic World before Communism - Cultural Traditions and National Functions’, European Sports History Review 1.
38. Ljunggren, Jens (2000) ‘The Masculine Road through Modernity: Ling Gymnastics and Male Socialization in Nineteenth-Century Sweden’, European Sports History Review 2: 86-111.
39. Luh, Andreas (1998) Der Deutsche Turnverband in der Ersten Tschechoslowakischen Republik. Munich: Oldenbourg Press.
40. Macura, Vladimír (1992) Štastný vek: Symboly, emblémy a mýty 1948-1989 (Happy Age: Symbols, Emblems and Myths 1948-1989). Prague: Paseka.
41. Mangan, J.A (1999) ‘The Potent Image and the Permanent Prometheus’, in J.A. Mangan (ed.) Shaping the Superman: Fascist Body as Political Icon - Aryan Fascism. London: Frank Cass.
42. Marek, Jaroslav (1978) Za socialistický systém telesné výchovy (For the Socialist System of Physical Education). Prague: Olympia.
43. Marek, Jaroslav (1979) Politickovýchové pusobení funkcionáru, cvicitelu, trenéru a ucitelu telesné výchovy pri prípraveCeskoslovenské spartakiády 1980 (The Activity of Officials, Trainers and Teachers of Physical Education during the Preparation of the 1980 Czechoslovak Spartakiad in the Sphere of Political Education). Prague: Olympia.
44. Marek, Jaroslav (1989) Politickovýchové pusobení funkcionáru, cvicitelu, trenéru a ucitelu telesné výchovy pri prípraveCeskoslovenské spartakiády 1990 (The Activity of Officials, Trainers and Teachers of Physical Education during the Preparation of the 1990 Czechoslovak Spartakiad in the Sphere of Political Education). Prague: Olympia.
45. Mauss, Marcel (1973) ‘Techniques of the Body’, Economy and Society 2(1): 70-87.
46. Mosse, George L. (1975) The Nationalisation of the Masses: Political Symbolism and Mass Movements in Germany from the Napoleonic Wars through the Third Reich. Ithaca, NY: Cornell University Press.
47. Mosse, George L. (1996) The Image of Man: The Creation of Modern Masculinity. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
48. Mucha, Vilém (1955) První celostátní spartakiáda 1955 - vecí všecho pracujícího lidu ceskoslovenska (The First All-State Spartakiad 1955 - The Matter of All the Working People of Czechoslovakia). Prague: SVTVS.
49. Neumann, H. (1987) Deutsche Turnfeste, Spiegelbild der deutschen Turnbewegung. Wiesbaden: Limpert.
50. Nolte, Claire (1993) ‘ “Every Czech a Sokol”: Feminism and Nationalism in the Czech Sokol Movement’, Austrian History Yearbook 24: 79-100.
51. Nolte, Claire (2000) ‘Politics on the Parallel Bars: The Role of Gymnastic Clubs in Nineteenth-Century Bohemia’, in John Morrison (ed.) Ethnic and National Issues in Russian and East European History. New York: St Martin's Press.
52. Oates-Indruchova, Libora (2001) ‘The Ideology of the Genderless Sporting Body: Reflections on the Czech State-Socialist Concept of Physical Culture’, in Naomi Segal, Roger Cook, Carl Stychin and Lib Taylor (eds) In/determinate Bodies. London: Macmillan.
53. Pithart, Petr (2000) Sokolky a sokolové: Po tolika letech… (Sokol Women and Men: After so Long…) Mladá fronta Dnes, 7 April.
54. Rabinbach, Anson (1986) ‘The European Science of Work: The Economy of the Body at the End of the Nineteenth Century’, pp. 475-513 in S. Kaplan and C.J. Koepp (eds) Work in France: Representations, Meaning, Organisation, and Practice. Ithaca, NY: Cornell University Press.
55. Riordan, James (1977) Sport in Soviet Society. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
56. Sontag, Susan (1991) Under the Sign of Saturn. New York: Vintage Books.
57. Thamer, Hans-Ulrich (1996) ‘The Orchestration of the National Community: The Nuremberg Party Rallies of the NSDAP’, in Gunter Berghaus (ed.) Fascism and Theatre: Comparative Studies on the Aesthetics and Politics of Performance in Europe, 1925-1945. New York: Berghahn Books.
58. Theweleit, Klaus (1989) Male Fantasies. Minneapolis: University of Minnesota Press.
59. Trangbaek, Else (1996) ‘Danish Gymnastics: What's so Danish about the Danes?’, International Journal of the History of Sport 13(2): 203-214.
60. Trangbaek, Else (1998) ‘Gender in Modern Society - Femininity, Gymnastics and Sport’, in Henrik Meinander and J.A. Mangan (eds) The Nordic World: Sport in Society. London: Frank Cass.
61. Überhorst, Horst (1978) Geschichte der Leibesübungen. Berlin/München/Frankfurt: Bartel and Wernitz.
62. Vernon, Doremy (1988) Tiller's Girls. London: Robson.
63. Weber, Eugen (1971) ‘Gymnastics and Sports in Fin-de-siècle France: Opium of the Classes?’, American Historical Review 76(1): 70-98.
64. Weber, Wolfgang (1995) Von Jahn zu Hitler: Politik- und Organisationsgesichte des Deutschen Turnens in Vorarlberg 1847 bis 1938. Constance: UVK Universitätsverlag.
65. Weber, Wolfgang and Paula Black (2000) ‘Muscular Anschluss: German Bodies and Austrian Imitators’, in J.A. Mangan (ed.) Superman Supreme Fascist Body as Political Icon - Global Fascism. London: Frank Cass.
66. Werther, Betty (1975) ‘The Show of the Shows - Or Something Close’, International Herald Tribune, 12-13 July.
67. Zeman, Miloš (1973) ‘Komplexní prognostický model Ceskoslovenské telovýchovy’ (Komplex Prognostic Model of Czechoslovak Physical Education), Teorie a praxe telesné výchovy (Theory and Practice of Physical Education) 21: 263-271.
68. Život Spartakiády 4 (1965) Archiv Tyršova muzea telesné vÝchovy a sportu (Archives of the Tyrs Museum of Physical Education and Sport), Prague.