The not so clear-cut nature of organizational legitimating mechanisms in the Canadian forest sector

Business and Society

Volumn 45, Issue 3, 2006, Pages 322-353

  Driscoll, Cathy ^a  

^a SAINT MARY S UNIVERSITY   (Canada)

Author keywords

Forestry; Legitimation; Organizational legitimacy; Sustainability

Indexed keywords

EID: 33746599378     PISSN: 00076503     EISSN: 14678594     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1177/0007650306289398     Document Type: Article

References (104)

1. Abramovitz, J. N. (1998). Sustaining the world's forests. In L. R. Brown (Ed.), State of the world 1998 (pp. 21-40). Norton, NY: Worldwatch Institute.
2. Aldrich, H., & Fiol, C. M. (1994). Fools rush in? The institutional context of industry creation. Academy of Management Review, 19, 645-670.
3. Ashforth, B. E., & Gibbs, B. W. (1990). The double-edge of organizational legitimation. Organization Science, 1, 177-194.
4. Bansal, P., & Clelland, I. (2004). Talking trash: Legitimacy, impression management, and unsystematic risk in the context of the natural environment. Academy of Management Journal, 47 (1). 93-103.
5. Bansal, P., & Roth, K. (2000). Why companies go green: A model of ecological responsiveness. Academy of Management Journal, 43 (4). 717-736.
6. Baum, J., & Oliver, C. (1991). Institutional linkages and organizational mortality. Administrative Science Quarterly, 36, 187-218.
7. Bennett, M., & James, P. (with Klinkers, L.) (Eds.). (1999). Sustainable measures: Evaluating and reporting of environmental and social performance. Sheffield, UK: Greenleaf.
8. Benson, J. K. (1970). The interorganizational network as a political economy. Administrative Science Quarterly, 20 (2). 229-249.
9. Berger, P., & Luckmann, T. (1967). The social construction of reality: A treatise in the sociology of knowledge. Garden City, NY: Doubleday.
10. Boyd, D. R. (2001). Canada vs the OECD: An environmental comparison. Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development. Retrieved February 18, 2005, from http://www.environmentalindicators.com
11. Bradbury, D. (1998, October 22). Canadian firm buys big pieces of forest. Press Herald (Portland, ME). Retrieved June 5, 2000, from www.powerlink.net. fen/pph1022.htm
12. Canadian-Forests. (1999). Maritime regional stewardship council process. Retrieved August 18, 1999, from www.Canadian-forests.com/fsc.html%23Dsection
13. Canadian Pulp and Paper Association. (n.d.-a). Forest certification. Retrieved May 20, 2000, from www.cppa.org/english/cppa/rev99.
14. Canadian Pulp and Paper Association. (n.d.-b). Open doors. Retrieved August 23, 1999, from www.open.doors.cppa.ca
15. Canadian Pulp and Paper Association. (n.d.-c). Speeches. Retrieved May 20, 2000, from www.cppa.org/english/cppa/rev99
16. Canadian Standards Association. (n.d.). Retrieved August 5, 1999, from www.csa-international.org
17. Canadian Sustainable Forestry Certification Coalition. (n.d.). Certification in Canada's forests. Retrieved June 5, 2000, from www.sfms.com/deacde.htm.
18. Cartwright, J. (1999). The price of compromise: Why we should wind down our forest industry. Canadian Public Policy, 25 (2). 233-245.
19. Cowen, S. S., Ferrari, L., & Parker, L. (1987). The impact of corporate characteristics on social responsibility disclosure: A typology and frequency-based analysis. Accounting, Organizations and Society, 12 (2). 111-122.
20. Dacin, M. T. (1997). Isomorphism in context: The power and prescription of institutional norms. Academy of Management Journal, 40 (1). 46-81.
21. Daft, R. L., & Weick, K. E. (1984). Toward a model of organizations as interpretation systems. Academy of Management Review, 9 (2). 284-295.
22. Daniels, S. E., & Walker, G. B. (1995). Managing local environmental conflict amidst national controversy. International Journal of Conflict Management, 6, 290-311.
23. Deegan, C., Rankin, M., & Tobin, J. (2002). An examination of the corporate social and environmental disclosures of BHP from 1983-1997: A test of legitimacy theory. Accounting, Auditing & Accountability Journal, 15 (3). 312-332.
24. Deephouse, D. L. (1996). Does isomorphism legitimate? Academy of Management Journal, 39 (4). 1024-1039.
25. Deephouse, D. L., & Carter, S. (2005). An examination of differences between organizational legitimacy and organizational reputation. The Journal of Management Studies, 42 (2). 329-341.
26. DiMaggio, P. J., & Powell, W. W. (1983). The iron cage revisited: Institutional isomorphism and collective rationality in organizational fields. American Sociological Review, 48, 147-160.
27. Donaldson, T. (1983). Constructing a social contract for business. In T. Donaldson & P. Werhane (Eds.), Ethical issues in business (pp. 153-165). New York: Oxford University Press.
28. Dowling, J. B. (1978). Organizational legitimacy: The management of meaning. Unpublished doctoral dissertation, Stanford University, Stanford, CA.
29. Dowling, J. B. (1983). The legitimation of legitimating institutions. Paper presented at the British Sociological Association, Cardiff, Wales.
30. Dowling, J. B., & Pfeffer, J. (1975). Organizational legitimation. Pacific Sociological Review, 18 (1). 122-136.
31. Drescher, J. (1998, May). Regional forestry panel discussion [audiotaped transcript]. Lunenberg, Nova Scotia, Canada.
32. Dunham, L., Freeman, R. E., & Lietdka, J. (2006). Enhancing stakeholder practice: A particularized exploration of community. Business Ethics Quarterly, 16 (1). 23 - 37.
33. Edelman, J. M. (1977). Political language: Words that succeed and policies that fail. New York: Academic Press.
34. Elsbach, K. D. (1994). Managing organizational legitimacy in the California cattle industry. Administrative Science Quarterly, 39 (1). 57-83.
35. Elsbach, K. D., & Sutton, R. I. (1992). Acquiring organizational legitimacy through illegitimate actions: A marriage of institutional and impression management theories. Academy of Management Journal, 35 (4). 699-738.
36. Environment Canada. (1995). Forest health in Canada. Retrieved November 13, 1996, from www.ec.gc.ca
37. Environment Canada. (n.d.). Information on greenhouse gas sources and sinks. Retrieved February 18, 2006, from www.ec.gc.ca/pdb/ghg/inventory_report/ 1990_99_factsheet/factsheet6_e.cfm%23sector
38. Fairclough, N. (1995). Critical discourse analysis: The critical study of language. London: Longman.
39. Food and Agricultural Organization of the United Nations. (2000). Field documentation of forest cover changes for global forest resources assessment 2000. Retrieved May 16, 2006, from http://www.fao.org/documents/ advanced_s_result.asp
40. Forest Products Association of Canada. (2002). The industry: Economic impact. Retrieved February 16, 2006, from www.fpac.ca/en/resource_centre/news/ 2002-03-16.php
41. Forest Products Association of Canada. (n.d.). Annual review 2000. Retrieved February 16, 2006, from www.fpac.ca/en/economy/index.php
42. Forest Round Table. (1994, April). Forest Round Table on Sustainable Development final report. Ottawa, Canada: National Round Table on the Environment and the Economy. (n.d.). What is FSC-US? Retrieved May 16, 2006, from http://fscus.org/faqs/what_is_fsc.php
43. Gibson, R. B. (Ed.). (1999). Voluntary initiatives: The new politics of corporate greening. Peterborough, Ontario: Broadview Press.
44. Giddens, A. (1979). Central problems in social theory: Action, structure, and contradiction in social analysis. London: MacMillan.
45. Global Forest Watch. (n.d.). News. Retrieved May 16, 2006, from http://www.globalforestwatch.ca/
46. Gramsci, A. (1971). Selections from the prison notebooks of Antonio Gramsci. London: Lawrence & Wishart
47. Greer, J., & Bruno, K. (1996). Greenwash: The reality behind corporate environmentalism. New York: Apex Press.
48. Habermas, J. (1975). Legitimation crises. Boston: Beacon.
49. Habermas, J. (1979). Communication and the evolution of society. Boston: Beacon.
50. Hoffman, A. J. (1997). From heresy to dogma: An institutional history of corporate environmentalism. San Francisco: New Lexington Press.
51. J. D. Irving, Ltd. (1997). [Letter sent to the people of Weymouth County, Nova Scotia.] Retrieved December 14, 1997, from www.jdi-nn.com.
52. J. D. Irving, Ltd. (1998). Part of the community. Retrieved December 8, 1998, from www.jdi-nn.com.
53. Jennings, P. D., & Zandbergen, P. A. (1995). Ecologically sustainable organizations: An institutional approach. The Academy of Management Review, 20 (4). 1015-1038.
54. King, A. A., & Lenox, M. J. (2000). Industry self-regulation without sanctions: The chemical industry's responsible care program. Academy of Management Journal, 43 (4). 698-716.
55. Levy, D. L. (1997). Environmental management as political sustainability, Organization and Environment, 10, 126-147.
56. Logsdon, J. M. (1991). Interests and interdependence in the formation of social problem solving collaborations. Journal of Applied Behavioral Science, 27 (1). 23-37.
57. McDonough, W., & Braungart, M. (1998, October). The next industrial revolution. The Atlantic Monthly, 10, 82-92.
58. Mark Trend Research. (1996, January 13). Public faith in forest industry improving: Poll. Canadian Press Newswire. Toronto, Canada: Author.
59. May, E. (1998). At the cutting edge: The crisis in Canada's forests. Toronto, Canada: Key Porter Books.
60. Meyer, J. W., & Rowan, B. (1977). Institutionalized organizations: Formal structure as myth and ceremony. American Journal of Sociology, 83, 340-363.
61. Meyer, J. W., & Scott, W. R. (1983). Organizational environments: Ritual and rationality. Beverly Hills, CA: Sage.
62. Miles, M. B., & Huberman, A. M. (1984). Qualitative data analysis. Beverly Hills, CA: Sage.
63. Milne, M. J., & Patten, D. M. (2002). Securing organizational legitimacy: An experimental decision case examining the impact of environmental disclosures. Accounting, Auditing, and Accountability Journal, 15 (3). 372-406.
64. Nasi, J., Nasi, S., Philips, N., & Zyglidopoulos, S. (1997). The evolution of corporate social responsiveness: An exploratory study of Finnish and Canadian forestry companies. Business and Society, 3 (6). 296-321.
65. National Forestry Database Program. (n.d.). Forest inventory. Retrieved May 9, 2000, from nfdp.ccfm.org
66. Natural Resources Canada. (n.d.-a). State of Canada's forests 1997-1998. Retrieved February 16, 2006, from http://www.nrcan-rncan.gc.ca/cfs-scf/national/ what-quoi/sof/sof98/spart5_e.html
67. Natural Resources Canada. (n.d.-b). State of Canada's forests 1998-1999. Retrieved May 9, 2000, from www.nrcan.gc.ca/cfs
68. Neilson, E. H., & Rao, M. V. H. (1987). The strategy-legitimacy nexus: A thick description. Academy of Management Review, 15, 523-533.
69. Newton, T., & Harte, G. (1997). Green business: Technicist kitsch? Journal of Management Studies, 34, 75-98.
70. O'Donovan, G. (2002). Environmental disclosures in the annual report: Extending the applicability and predictive power of legitimacy theory. Accounting, Auditing & Accountability Journal, 15 (3). 344-372.
71. Oliver, C. (1991). Strategic responses to institutional processes. Academy of Management Review, 16, 145-179.
72. Parsons, T. (1960). Structure and process in modern societies. New York: Free Press.
73. Parto, S. (1999). Aiming low. In R. B. Gibson (Ed.), Voluntary initiatives: The new politics of corporate greening (pp. 182-198). New York: Broadview Press.
74. Perrow, C. (1970). Organizational analysis: A sociological view. Belmont, CA: Wadsworth.
75. Pfeffer, J. (1981). Management as symbolic action: The creation and maintenance of organizational paradigms. Research in Organizational Behavior, 3, 1-52.
76. Pfeffer, J. (1982). Power in organizations. Marshfield, MA: Pitman.
77. Prakesh, A. (2000). Responsible care: An assessment. Business & Society, 39 (2). 183-209.
78. Prasad, P., & Elmes, M. (1999, May). In the name of the practical: Unearthing the hegemony of "pragmatism" in the discourse of environmental management. Paper presented at International Conference on Language in Organizational Change and Transformation, Ohio State University, Columbus.
79. Richardson, A. J. (1987). Accounting as a legitimating institution. Accounting, Organizations, and Society, 14, 53-67.
80. Richardson, A. J., & Dowling, J. B. (1986, November). An integrative theory of organizational legitimation. Scandinavian Journal of Management Studies, pp. 91-109.
81. Roberts, R. W., & Dwyer, P. D. (1998). An analysis of materiality and reasonable assurance: Professional mystification and paternalism in auditing. Journal of Business Ethics, 17 (5). 557-568.
82. Rollins, R., Robson, M., & Robisnon, D. (2001). Towards increased citizen influence in Canadian forest management. Environments, 29 (2). 21-41.
83. Ruhnka, J. C., & Boerstler, H. (1998). Governmental incentives for corporate self-regulation. Journal of Business Ethics, 17 (3). 309-326.
84. Scientific Certification Systems. (n.d.). Forest Stewardship Council guidelines. Retrieved August 1, 1999, from www.scs1.com/forests.html
85. Scott, R. (1995). Institutions and organizations. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage.
86. Selznick, P. (1957). TVA and the grassroots. Berkeley: University of California Press.
87. Sharfman, M. P. (1994). Changing institutional rules: The evolution of corporate philanthropy 1883-1953. Business and Society, 33 (3). 236-269.
88. Shriffin, D. (1994). Approaches to discourse. Cambridge, MA: Blackwell.
89. Sigerstad, T., & Sharfman, M. P. (2000, August). Legitimacy as a meta theory. Paper presented at the Academy of Management annual meeting, Toronto.
90. Sinclair, A. J., & Smith, D. L. (1999). The model forest program in Canada: Building consensus on sustainable forest management? Society & Natural Resources, 12 (2). 121-138.
91. Starik, M., & Rands, G. P. (1995). Weaving an integrated web: Multilevel and multisystem perspectives of ecologically sustainable organizations. Academy of Management Review, 20 (4). 908-935.
92. Strauss, A., & Corbin, J. (1998). Basics of qualitative research (2nd ed.). Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage.
93. Suchman, M. (1995). Managing legitimacy: Strategic and institutional approaches. Academy of Management Review, 20, 571-610.
94. Sustainable Forestry and Certification Watch. (2001). Year in review. Retrieved March 5, 2003, from www.sfcw.org/yearinreview.htm.
95. Tenbrunsel, A. E., Wade-Benzoni, K. A., Messick, D. M., & Bazerman, M. H. (2000). Understanding the influence of environmental standards on judgments and choices. Academy of Management Journal, 43 (5). 854-866.
96. Tolbert, P. S., & Zucker, L. G. (1983). Institutional sources of change in the formal structure of organizations: The diffusion of civil service reform, 1880-1935. Administrative Science Quarterly, 28 (1). 22-39.
97. United Nations Conference on Environment and Development. (n.d.). Statement of forest principles. Retrieved November 6, 1998, from gopher.undp.org:70/00/unconfs/UNCED
98. Valverde, M. (1991). As if subjects existed: Analysing social discourses. Canadian Review of Sociology and Anthropology, 28 (2). 173-187.
99. Wartick, S. L., & Cochran, P. L. (1985). The evolution of the corporate social performance model. Academy of Management Review, 10, 758-769.
100. Weber, M. (1947). The theory of social and economic organization. New York: Free Press.
101. Winn, M. I., & Keller, L. R. (1999). Harnessing complexity, idiosyncrasy and time: A modeling methodology for corporate multi-stakeholder decisions. In D. J. Wood & D. Windsor (Eds.), 1999 Proceedings of the International Association for Business and Society (pp. 482-487). Paris: International Association for Business and Society.
102. Wood, D. J. (1991). Corporate social performance revisited. Academy of Management Review, 16, 691-718.
103. Wood, D., & Gray, B. (1991). Collaborative alliances: Moving from practice to theory. Journal of Applied Behavioral Science, 27 (1). 3-22.
104. World Commission on Environment and Development. (1987). Our common future: World Commission on Environment and Development. Oxford, UK: Oxford University Press.