Patellar instability: Principals of soft tissue repair and reconstruction

Techniques in Knee Surgery

Volumn 5, Issue 1, 2006, Pages 19-26

  Fithian, Donald C ^a,b   Gupta, Neeraj ^b  

^a KAISER PERMANENTE   (United States)

^b NONE   (United States)

Author keywords

Instability; Medial patellofemoral ligament; Patella; Reconstruction; Surgery

Indexed keywords

ARTHROPLASTY; ARTHROSCOPIC SURGERY; HUMAN; JOINT INSTABILITY; JOINT MOBILITY; JOINT STABILITY; KNEE LIGAMENT; KNEE SURGERY; LIGAMENT SURGERY; PATELLA; PATELLOFEMORAL JOINT; POSTOPERATIVE CARE; PRIORITY JOURNAL; RELIABILITY; REVIEW; SEMITENDINOUS MUSCLE; SOFT TISSUE; SURGICAL TECHNIQUE;

EID: 33746598277     PISSN: 15360636     EISSN: 15381935     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1097/00132588-200603000-00004     Document Type: Review

References (49)

1. Fithian DC, Mishra DK, Balen PF, et al. Instrumented measurement of patellar mobility. Am J Sports Med. 1995;23(5):607-615.
2. Kujala UM, Osterman K, Kvist M, et al. Factors predisposing to patellar chondropathy and patellar apicitis in athletes. Int Orthop. 1986;10(3):195-200.
3. Reider B, Marshall JL, Warren RF. Clinical characteristics of patellar disorders in young athletes. Am J Sports Med. 1981;9(4):270-274.
4. Skalley TC, Terry GC, Teitge RA. The quantitative measurement of normal passive medial and lateral patellar motion limits. Am J Sports Med. 1993;21(5):728-732.
5. Teitge RA, Faerber WW, Des Madryl P, et al. Stress radiographs of the patellofemoral joint. J Bone Joint Surg Am. 1996;78(2):193-203.
6. Kolowich PA, Paulos LE, Rosenberg TD, et al. Lateral release of the patella: indications and contraindications. Am J Sports Med. 1990;18(4):359-365.
7. Desio SM, Burks RT, Bachus KN. Soft tissue restraints to lateral patellar translation in the human knee. Am J Sports Med. 1998;26(1):59-65.
8. Hautamaa PV, Fithian DC, Kaufman KR, et al. Medial soft tissue restraints in lateral patellar instability and repair. Clin Orthop. 1998;349:174-182.
9. Sallay PI, Poggi J, Speer KP, et al. Acute dislocation of the patella: a correlative pathoanatomic study. Am J Sports Med. 1996;24(1):52-60.
10. Ahmad CS, Stein BE, Matuz D, et al. Immediate surgical repair of the medial patellar stabilizers for acute patellar dislocation: a review of eight cases. Am J Sports Med. 2000;28(6):804-810.
11. Sanders TG, Morrison WB, Singleton BA, et al. Medial patellofemoral ligament injury following acute transient dislocation of the patella: MR findings with surgical correlation in 14 patients. J Comput Assist Tomogr. 2001;25(6):957-962.
12. Nomura E, Inoue M. Injured medial patellofemoral ligament in acute patellar dislocation. J Knee Surg. 2004;17(1):40-46.
13. Kirsch MD, Fitzgerald SW, Friedman H, et al. Transient lateral patellar dislocation: diagnosis with MR imaging. Am J Roentgenol. 1993;161(1):109-113.
14. Nomura E. Classification of lesions of the medial patellofemoral ligament in patellar dislocation. Int Orthop. 1999;23(5):260-263.
15. Garth WP Jr, DiChristina DG, Holt G. Delayed proximal repair and distal realignment after patellar dislocation. Clin Orthop. 2000;377:132-144.
16. Vainionpaa S, Laasonen E, Patiala H, et al. Acute dislocation of the patella: clinical, radiographic and operative findings in 64 consecutive cases. Acta Orthop Scand. 1986;57(4):331-333.
17. Elias DA, White LM, Fithian DC. Acute lateral patellar dislocation at MR imaging: injury patterns of medial patellar soft-tissue restraints and osteochondral injuries of the inferomedial patella. Radiology. 2002;225(3):736-743.
18. Fithian DC, Paxton EW, Stone ML, et al. Epidemiology and natural history of acute patellar dislocation. Am J Sports Med. 2004;32(5):1114-1121.
19. Nikku R, Nietosvaara Y, Kallio PE, et al. Operative versus closed treatment of primary dislocation of the patella: similar 2-year results in 125 randomized patients. Acta Orthop Scand. 1997;68(5):419-423.
20. Andrade A, Thomas N. Randomized comparison of operative vs. nonoperative treatment following first time patellar dislocation. Rome: European Society for Sports, Knee and Arthroscopy;2002.
21. Fithian DC, Meier SW. The case for advancement and repair of the medial patellofemoral ligament in patients with recurrent patellar instability. Oper Tech Sports Med. 1999;7(2):81-89.
22. Sargent JR, Teipner WA. Medial patellar retinacular repair for acute and recurrent dislocation of the patella: A preliminary report. J Bone Joint Surg [Am]. 1971;53:386-387.
23. Avikainen VJ, Nikku RK, Seppanen-Lehmonen TK. Adductor magnus tenodesis for patellar dislocation: Technique and preliminary results. Clin Orthop. 1993; 297:12-16.
24. Nomura E, Horiuchi Y, Kihara M. A mid-term follow-up of medial patellofemoral ligament reconstruction using an artificial ligament for recurrent patellar dislocation. Knee. 2000;7(4):211-215.
25. Muneta T, Sekiya I, Tsuchiya M, et al. A technique for reconstruction of the medial patellofemoral ligament. Clin Orthop. 1999;359:151-155.
26. Ellera Gomes JL. Medial patellofemoral ligament reconstruction for recurrent dislocation of the patella: A preliminary report. Arthroscopy. 1992;8(3):335-340.
27. Ellera Gomes JL, Stigler Marczyk LR, Cesar de Cesar P, et al. Medial patellofemoral ligament reconstruction with semitendinosus autograft for chronic patellar instability: A follow-up study. Arthroscopy. 2004;20(2):147-151.
28. Nomura E, Inoue M. Surgical technique and rationale for medial patellofemoral ligament reconstruction for recurrent patellar dislocation. Arthroscopy. 2003;19(5):47E.
29. Deie M, Ochi M, Sumen Y, et al. Reconstruction of the medial patellofemoral ligament for the treatment of habitual or recurrent dislocation of the patella in children. J Bone Joint Surg Br. 2003;85(6):887-890.
30. Mikashima Y, Kimura M, Kobayashi Y, et al. Medial patellofemoral ligament reconstruction for recurrent patellar instability. Acta Orthop Belg. 2004;70(6):545-550.
31. Deie M, Ochi M, Sumen Y, et al. A long-term follow-up study after medial patellofemoral ligament reconstruction using the transferred semitendinosus tendon for patellar dislocation. Knee Surg Sports Traumatol Arthrosc. 2005;13(7):522-528.
32. Schock EJ, Burks RT. Medial patellofemoral ligament reconstruction using a hamstring graft. Oper Tech Sports Med. 2001;9(3):169-175.
33. Drez D Jr, Edwards TB, Williams CS. Results of medial patellofemoral ligament reconstruction in the treatment of patellar dislocation. Arthroscopy. 2001;17(3):298-306.
34. Teitge RA, Torga-Spak R. Medial patellofemoral ligament reconstruction. Orthopedics. 2004;27(10):1037-1040.
35. Steensen RN, Dopirak RM, Maurus PB. A simple technique for reconstruction of the medial patellofemoral ligament using a quadriceps tendon graft. Arthroscopy. 2005;21(3):365-370.
36. Erasmus PJ. Reconstruction of the medial patellofemoral ligament in recurrent traumatic patellar dislocation [abstract]. Arthroscopy. 1998;14:S42(suppl).
37. Erasmus PJ, Pollock D, Walters J, et al. Surgical management of patellar instability. SA Orthop J. 2005;4(1):33-35.
38. Smirk C, Morris H. The anatomy and reconstruction of the medial patellofemoral ligament. Knee. 2003;10(3):221-227.
39. Cossey AJ, Paterson R. A new technique for reconstructing the medial patellofemoral ligament. Knee. 2005; 12(2):93-98.
40. Schottle P, Fucentese S, Romero J. Clinical and radiological outcome of medial patellofemoral ligament reconstruction with a semitendinosus autograft for patella instability. Knee Surg Sports Traumatol Arthrosc. 2005; 13(7):516-521.
41. Chassaing V, Tremoulet J. Medial patellofemoral ligament reconstruction with gracilis autograft for patellar instability. Rev Chir Orthop Reparatrice Appar Mot. 2005;91(4):335-340.
42. Fernandez E, Sala D, Castejon M. Reconstruction of the medial patellofemoral ligament for patellar instability using a semitendinosus autograft. Acta Orthop Belg. 2005;71(3):303-308.
43. Bassett FH. Acute dislocation of the patella, osteochondral fractures, and injuries to the extensor mechanism of the knee. In: Burke E, ed. American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons. Instructional Course Lecture. St. Louis: CV Mosby Inc; 1976:40-49.
44. Maenpaa H, Lehto MU. Surgery in acute patellar dislocationVevaluation of the effect of injury mechanism and family occurrence on the outcome of treatment. Br J Sports Med. 1995;29(4):239-241.
45. Brown CH, Sklar JH, Darwich N. Endoscopic anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction using autogenous doubled gracilis and semitendinosus tendons. Tech Knee Surg. 2004;3(4):215-237.
46. Brown CH Jr, Steiner ME, Carson EW. The use of hamstring tendons for anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction. Technique and results. Clin Sports Med. 1993; 12:(4)723-756.
47. Tuxoe JI, Teir M, Winge S, et al. The medial patellofemoral ligament: A dissection study. Knee Surg Sports Traumatol Arthrosc. 2002;10(3):138-140.
48. Nomura E, Horiuchi Y, Kihara M. Medial patellofemoral ligament restraint in lateral patellar translation and reconstruction. Knee. 2000;7(2):121-127.
49. Steensen RN, Dopirak RM, McDonald WG III. The anatomy and isometry of the medial patellofemoral ligament: Implications for reconstruction. Am J Sports Med. 2004;32(6):1509-1513.