Humor ability, unwillingness to communicate, loneliness, and perceived stress: Testing a security theory

Communication Studies

Volumn 55, Issue 2, 2004, Pages 209-226

  Miczo, Nathan ^a  

^a WESTERN ILLINOIS UNIVERSITY   (United States)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

EID: 33746595960     PISSN: 10510974     EISSN: 17451035     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1080/10510970409388615     Document Type: Article

References (78)

1. Aldwin, C. M., 1994. Stress, coping, and development, New York: Guilford Press.
2. Aune, K. S., and Wong, N. C. H., 2002. Antecedents and consequences of adult play in romantic relationships. Personal Relationships, 9: 279-286.
3. Bachorowski, J-A., and Owren, M.J., 2001. Not all laughs are alike: Voiced but not unvoiced laughter readily elicits positive affect. Psychological Science, 12: 252-257.
4. Basil, M. D., Brown, W. J., and Bocarnea, M. C., 2002. Differences in univariate versus multivariate relationships: Findings from a study of Diana, princess of Wales. Human Communication Research, 28: 501-514.
5. Baxter, L. A., and Wilmot, W. W., 1985. Taboo topics in close relationships. Journal of Social and Personal Relationships, 2: 253-269.
6. Beatty, M. J., Heisel, A. D., Hall, A. E., Levine, T. R., and La France, B. H., 2002. What can we learn from the study of twins about genetic and environmental influences on interpersonal affiliation, aggressiveness, and social anxiety?: A meta-analytic study. Communication Monographs, 69: 1-18.
7. Bippus, A. M., 2000. Humor usage in comforting episodes: Factors predicting outcomes. Western Journal of Communication, 64: 359-384.
8. Bizi, S., Keinan, G., and Beit-Hallahmi, B., 1988. Humor and coping with stress: A test under real-life conditions. Personality and Individual Differences, 9: 951-956.
9. Booth-Butterfield, S., and Booth-Butterfield, M., 1991. Individual differences in the communication of humorous messages. Southern Communication Journal, 56: 205-218.
10. nd ed), Vol. 1, New York: Basic Books.
11. Bowlby, J., 1988. A secure base: Parent-child attachment and healthy human development, New York: Basic Books.
12. Brennan, K. A., Clark, C. L., and Shaver, P. R., 1998. “ Self-report measurement of adult attachment ”. In Attachment Theory and Close Relationships, Edited by: Simpson, J. A., and Rholes, W. S., 46-76. New York: Guilford.
13. Burgoon, J. K., 1976. The unwillingness-to-communicate scale: Development and validation. Communication Monographs, 43: 60-69.
14. Burgoon, J. K., and Koper, R. J., 1984. Nonverbal and relational communication associated with reticence. Human Communication Research, 10: 601-626.
15. Campbell, K. L., Martin, M. M., and Wanzer, M. B., 2001. Employee perceptions of manager humor orientation, assertiveness, responsiveness, approach/avoidance strategies, and satisfaction. Communication Research Reports, 18: 67-74.
16. Cashion, J. L., Cody, M. J., and Erickson, K. V., 1987. ‘You'll love this one..’: An exploration into joke-prefacing devices. Journal of Language and Social Psychology, 5: 303-312.
17. Cohen, J., 1990. Things I have learned (so far). American Psychologist, 45: 1304-1312.
18. Cohen, S., Kamarck, T., and Mermelstein, R., 1983. A global measure of perceived stress. Journal of Health and Social Behavior, 24: 385-396.
19. Cohen, S., Kessler, R. C., and Gordon, L. U., 1995. “ Strategies for measuring stress in studies of psychiatric and physical disorder ”. In Measuring stress: A guide for health and social scientists, Edited by: Cohen, S., Kessler, R. C., and Gordon, L. U., 3-26. New York: Oxford University Press.
20. Foot, H., 1986. “ Humor and laughter ”. In A Handbook of Communication Skills, Edited by: Hargie, O., 355-382. New York: New York University Press.
21. Fry, W. F., 1994. The biology of humor. HUMOR: International Journal of Humor Research, 7: 111-126.
22. Fuendeling, J. M., 1998. Affect regulation as a stylistic process within adult attachment. Journal of Social and Personal Relationships, 15: 291-322.
23. Galloway, G., and Cropley, A., 1999. Benefits of humor for mental health: Empirical findings and directions for further research. HUMOR: International Journal of Humor Research, 12: 301-314.
24. Giles, H., Bourhis, R. Y., Gadfield, N.J., Davies, G.J., and Davies, A. P., 1996. “ Cognitive aspects of humour in social interaction: A model and some linguistic data ”. In Humor and Laughter: Theory, Research, and Applications, Edited by: Chapman, A. J., and Foot, H. C., 139-154. New Brunswick, NJ: Transaction.
25. Godkewitsch, M., 1996. “ Physiological and verbal indices of arousal in rated humor ”. In Humor and Laughter: Theory, Research, and Applications, Edited by: Chapman, A.J., and Foot, H. C., 117-138. New Brunswick, NJ: Transaction.
26. Goffman, E., 1967. Interaction ritual: Essays on face-to-face behavior, New York: Pantheon.
27. Graham, E. E., 1995. The involvement of sense of humor in the development of social relationships. Communication Reports, 8: 158-169.
28. Graham, E. E., Papa, M.J., and Brooks, G. P., 1992. Functions of humor in conversation: Conceptualization and measurement. Western Journal of Communication, 56: 161-183.
29. Greene, J. O., 1995. “ Production of messages in pursuit of multiple social goals: Action assembly theory contributions to the study of cognitive encoding processes ”. In Communication Yearbook Vol. 18, 26-53.
30. Greene, J. O., 1997. “ A second generation action assembly theory ”. In Message production: Advances in communication theory, Edited by: Greene, J. O., Mahwah, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum.
31. Grice, P. C., 1975. “ Logic and conversation ”. In Syntax and semantics, Volume 3: Speech acts, Edited by: Cole, P., and Morgan, J. L., Volume 3, New York: Academic Press.
32. Gruner, C. R., 1997. The game of humor: A comprehensive theory of why we laugh, New Brunswick, NJ: Transaction Publishers.
33. Hackman, M. Z., and Barthel-Hackman, T. A., 1993. Communication apprehension, willingness to communicate, and sense of humor: United States and New Zealand perspectives. Communication Quarterly, 41: 282-291.
34. Hampes, W. P., 1992. Relation between intimacy and humor. Psychological Reports, 71: 127-130.
35. Holmes, J. G., and Rempel, J. K., 1989. “ Trust in close relationships ”. In Close relationships, Edited by: Hendrick, C., Newbury Park, CA: Sage.
36. Huizinga, J., 1950. Homo ludens: A study of the play element in culture, Boston: The Beacon Press.
37. Huxley, A., 1960. Brave new world & brave new world revisited, New York: Harper Perennial.
38. Jones, W. H., and Carver, M. D., 1990. “ Adjustment and coping implications of loneliness ”. In Handbook of Social and Clinical Psychology: The Health Perspective, Edited by: Snyder, C. R., and Forsyth, D. R., 395-415. New York: Pergamon Press.
39. Jones, W. H., Hobbs, S. A., and Hockenbury, D., 1982. Loneliness and social skills deficits. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 42: 682-689.
40. Kelly, L., 1982. A rose by any other name is still arose: A comparative analysis of reticence, communication apprehension, unwillingness to communicate, and shyness. Human Communication Research, 8: 99-113.
41. Klar, Y., and Giladi, E. E., 1997. No one in my group can be below the group's average: A robust positivity bias in favor of anonymous peers. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 73: 885-901.
42. Kuiper, N. A., and Martin, R. A., 1993. Humor and self-concept. HUMOR: International Journal of Humor Research, 6: 251-270.
43. Leary, M. R., and Kowalski, R. M., 1995. Social anxiety, New York: Guilford.
44. Lefcourt, H. M., 2001. Humor: The psychology of living buoyantly, New York: Kluwer.
45. Marangoni, C., and Ickes, W., 1989. Loneliness: A theoretical review with implications for measurement. Journal of Social and Personal Relationships, 6: 93-128.
46. Martin, R. A., 2001. Humor, laughter, and physical health: Methodological issues and research findings. Psychological Bulletin, 127: 504-519.
47. Martin, R. A., and Lefcourt, H. M., 1983. Sense of humor as a moderator of the relation between stressors and moods. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 45: 1313-1324.
48. McAdams, D. P., Jackson, R. J., and Kirshnit, C., 1984. Looking, laughing, and smiling in dyads as a function of intimacy motivation and reciprocity. Journal of Personality, 52: 261-273.
49. Meyer, J. C., 2000. Humor as a double-edged sword: Four functions of humor in communication. Communication Theory, 10: 310-331.
50. Miczo, N., An initial exploration of a security theory of laughter. Paper presented at the annual meeting of the Western States Communication Association. Long Beach, CA. March.
51. Miczo, N., Burgoon, J. K., and Melcher, C., Laughter and humor: The role of interpersonal adaptation, relationship type and gender. Paper presented at the annual meeting of the International Communication Association. San Francisco, CA. May.
52. Miller, S., 1973. Ends, means, and galumphing: Some leitmotifs of play. American Anthropologist, 75: 87-98.
53. Morreall, J., 1983. Taking laughter seriously, Albany, NY: State University of New York Press.
54. O'Donnell-Trujillo, N., and Adams, K., 1983. Heheh in conversation: Some coordinating accomplishments of laughter. The Western States Journal of Speech Communication, 47: 175-191.
55. O'Quin, K., and Aronoff, J., 1981. Humor as a technique of social influence. Social Psychology Quarterly, 44: 349-357.
56. Peplau, L. A., and Perlman, D., 1982. “ Perspectives on loneliness ”. In Loneliness: A sourcebook of theory, research and therapy, Edited by: Peplau, L. A., and Perlman, D., 1-18. New York: Wiley Intrescience.
57. Peterson, R. A., 2001. On the use of college students in social science research: Insights from a second-order meta-analysis. Journal of Consumer Research, 28: 450-461.
58. Pollock, K., 1988. On the nature of social stress: Production of a modern mythology. Social Science & Medicine, 26: 381-392.
59. Provine, R. R., 1993. Laughter punctuates speech: Linguistic, social and gender contexts of laughter. Ethology, 95: 291-298.
60. Provine, R. R., 2000. Laughter: A scientific investigation, New York, NY: Viking.
61. Rook, K. S., 1988. “ Toward a more differentiated view of loneliness ”. In Handbook of Personal Relationships, Edited by: Duck, S. W., 571-589. Chichester: John Wiley & Sons.
62. Rothbart, M. K., 1996. “ Incongruity, problem-solving and laughter ”. In Humor and Laughter: Theory, Research, and Applications, Edited by: Chapman, A. J., and Foot, H. C., 37-54. New Brunswick, NJ: Transaction.
63. Russell, D., Peplau, L. A., and Cutrona, C. E., 1980. The revised UCLA loneliness scale: Concurrent and discriminant validity evidence. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 39: 472-480.
64. Samter, W., 1992. Communicative characteristics of the lonely person's friendship circle. Communication Research, 19: 212-239.
65. Sarason, B. R., Pierce, G. R., and Sarason, I. G., 1990. “ Social support: The sense of acceptance and the role of relationships ”. In Social Support: An Interactional View, Edited by: Sarason, B. R., Sarason, I. G., and Pierce, G. R., 97-128. New York: John Wiley & Sons.
66. Segrin, C., 1998. “ Disrupted interpersonal relationships and mental health problems ”. In The Dark Side of Close Relationships, Edited by: Spitzberg, B. H., and Cupach, W. R., 327-365. Mahwah, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum.
67. Segrin, C., and Kinney, T., 1995. Social skills deficits among the socially anxious: Rejection from others and loneliness. Motivation and Emotion, 19: 1-24.
68. Shaver, P. R., and Brennan, K. A., 1991. “ Measures of depression and loneliness ”. In Measures of Personality and Social Psychological Attitudes, Edited by: Robinson, J. P., Shaver, P. R., and Wrightsman, L.S., (Vol 1), 195-289. San Diego, CA: Academic Press.
69. Sparks Bethea, L., 2001. The function of humor within the lives of older adults. Qualitative Research Reports in Communication, 2: 49-56.
70. Sparks Bethea, L., Travis, S. S., and Pecchioni, L., 2000. Family caregivers’ use of humor in conveying information about caring for dependent older adults. Health Communication, 12: 361-376.
71. Spotts, H. E., Weinberger, M. G., and Parsons, A. L., 1997. Assessing the use and impact of humor on advertising effectiveness: A contingency approach. Journal of Advertising, 26: 17-32.
72. Vangelisti, A. L., 1994. “ Messages that hurt ”. In The dark side of interpersonal communication, Edited by: Cupach, W. R., and Spitzberg, B. H., 53-82. Mahwah, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum.
73. Vaux, A., Phillips, J., Holly, L., Thomson, B., Williams, D., and Stewart, D., 1986. The social support appraisals (SS-A) scale: Studies of reliability and validity. American Journal of Community Psychology, 14: 195-219.
74. Wanzer, M. B., Booth-Butterfield, M., and Booth-Butterfield, S., 1995. The funny people: A source-orientation to the communication of humor. Communication Quarterly, 43: 142-154.
75. Wanzer, M. B., Booth-Butterfield, M., and Booth-Butterfield, S., 1996. Are funny people popular? An examination of humor orientation, loneliness, and social attraction. Communication Quarterly, 44: 42-52.
76. Weger, H., Jr. and Polcar, L. E., 2002. Attachment style and person-centered comforting. Western Journal of Communication, 66: 84-103.
77. Weisfeld, G. E., 1993. The adaptive value of humor and laughter. Ethology and Sociobiology, 14: 141-169.
78. Young, S. L., and Bippus, A. M., 2001. Does it make a difference if they hurt you in a funny way? Humorously and non-humorously phrased hurtful messages in personal relationships. Communication Quarterly, 49: 35-52.