Carrot purple leaf: A new spiroplasmal disease associated with carrots in Washington State

Plant Disease

Volumn 90, Issue 8, 2006, Pages 989-993

  Lee, Ing Ming ^a   Bottner, Kristi D ^a   Munyaneza, Joseph E ^a   Davis, Robert E ^a   Crosslin, James M ^a   Du Toit, Lindsey J ^b   Crosby, Todd ^c  

^a AGRICULTURAL RESEARCH SERVICE   (United States)

^b WASHINGTON STATE UNIVERSITY   (United States)

^c Mercer Ranch   (United States)

Author keywords

BLTVA

Indexed keywords

DISEASES; HEALTH RISKS; PATHOLOGY; PLANTS (BOTANY); REACTION KINETICS;

PHYTOPLASMA; POLYMERASE CHAIN REACTION (PCR); SECONDARY ROOTS; SPIROPLASMAL DISEASE;

CROPS;

DISEASES; FARM CROPS; HEALTH; PATHOLOGY; PLANTS; REACTION KINETICS;

ASTER YELLOWS PHYTOPLASMA; CANDIDATUS PHYTOPLASMA; DAUCUS CAROTA; MOLLICUTES; SPIROPLASMA; SPIROPLASMA CITRI; TRIFOLIUM;

EID: 33746528636     PISSN: 01912917     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1094/PD-90-0989     Document Type: Article

References (27)

1. Blomquist, C. L. 2002. Aster yellows and beet leafhopper-transmitted virescence agent yellows. Pages 58-59 in: Compendium of Umbelliferous Crop Diseases. R. M. Davis and R. N. Raid, eds. American Phytopathological Society, St. Paul, MN.
2. Calavan, E. C., Kaloostian, G. H., Oldfield, G. N., Nauer, E. M., and Gumpf, D. J. 1977. Natural spread of Spiroplasma citri by insect vectors and its implications for control of stubborn disease of citrus. Proc. Int. Soc. Citric. 3:900-902.
3. Calavan, E. C., and Oldfield, G. N. 1979. Symptomatology of spiroplasmal plant diseases. Pages 37-64 in: The Mycoplasmas: Plant and Insect Mycoplasmas. Vol. III. R. F. Whitcomb and J. G. Tully, eds. Academic Press, New York.
4. Cook, W. C. 1967. Life history, host plants, and migrations of the beet leafhopper on the western United States. U.S. Dep. Agric. Tech. Bull. 1365.
5. Crosslin, J. M., Munyaneza, J. E., Jensen, A., and Hamm, P. B. 2005. Association of beet leafhopper (Hemiptera: Cicadellidae) with a clover proliferation group phytoplasma in Columbia Basin of Washington and Oregon. J. Econ. Entomol. 98:279-283.
6. Douglass, J. R., Peay, W. E., and Cowger, J. I. 1956. Beet leafhopper and curly top conditions in the southern Great Plains and adjacent areas. J. Econ. Entomol. 49:95-99.
7. Fletcher, J., Schultz, G. A., Davis, R. E., Eastman, C. E., and Goodman, R. M. 1981. Brittle root disease of horseradish: Evidence for an etiological role of Spiroplasma citri. Phytopathology 71:1073-1080.
8. Golino, D. A., Oldfield, G. N., and Gumpf, D. J. 1989. Experimental hosts of the beet leafhopper-transmitted virescence agent. Plant Dis. 73:850-854.
9. Green, M. J., Thompson, D. A., and MacKenzie, D. J. 1999. Easy and efficient DNA extraction from woody plants for the detection of phytoplasmas by polymerase chain reaction. Plant Dis. 83:482-485.
10. Hills, O. A. 1937. The beet leafhopper in the central Columbia River breeding area. J. Agric. Res. 55:21-31.
11. Lee, I., Bottner, K., Munyaneza, J., Davis, R., Crosslin, J., du Toit, L., and Crosby, T. 2005. Carrot purple leaf: A new carrot disease associated with Spiroplasma citri and phytoplasmas in Washington. (Abstr.) Phytopathology 95:S57.
12. Lee, I.-M., Bottner, K. D., Munyaneza, J. E., Secor, G. A., and Gudmestad, N. C. 2004. Clover proliferation group (16SrVI) subgroup A (16SrVI-A) phytoplasma is a probable causal agent of potato purple top disease in Washington and Oregon. Plant Dis. 88:429.
13. Lee, I.-M., Gundersen-Rindal, D. E., Davis, R. E., and Bartoszyk, I. M. 1998. Revised classification scheme of phytoplasmas based on RFLP analyses of 16S rRNA and ribosomal protein gene sequences. Int. J. Syst. Bacteriol. 48:1153-1169.
14. Lee, I.-M., Martini, M., Bottner, K. D., Dane, R. A., Black, M. C., and Troxclair, N. 2003. Ecological implications from a molecular analysis of phytoplasmas involved in an aster yellows epidemic in various crops in Texas. Phytopathology 93:1368-1377.
15. Lee, I.-M., Martini, M., Marcone, C., and Zhu, S. F. 2004. Classification of phytoplasma strains in the elm yellows group (16SrV) and proposal of 'Candidatus Phytoplasma Ulmi' for the phytoplasma associated with elm yellows. Int. J. Syst. Bacteriol. 54:337-347.
16. Liu, H.-Y. 1981. The transmission, multiplication, and electron microscopic examination of Spiroplasma citri in its vector, Circulifer tenellus. Ph.D. thesis. University of California, Riverside.
17. Maramorosch, K., and Kondo, F. 1978. Aster yellows spiroplasma: Infectivity and association with a rod-shaped virus. Zentralbl. Bakteriol. Parasitenk. Infektionskr. Hyg., Abt. I Orig., Reihe A 241:196.
18. McCoy, R. E., Caudwell, A., Chang, C. J., Chen, T. A., Chiykowski, L. N., Cousin, M. T., Dale de Leeuw, G. T. N., Golino, D. A., Hackett, K. J., Kirkpatrick, B. A., Marwitz, R., Petzold, H., Sinha, R. H., Sugiura, M., Whitcomb, R. F., Yang, I. L., Zhu, B. M., and Seemüller, E. 1989. Plant diseases associated with mycoplasmalike organisms. Pages 545-560 in: The Mycoplasmas. Vol. 5. R. F. Whitcomb and J. G. Tully, eds. Academic Press, New York.
19. Munyaneza, J. E. 2005. Purple top disease and beet leafhopper-transmitted virescence agent (BLTVA) phytoplasma in potatoes of the Pacific Northwest of the United States. Pages 211-220 in: Potato in Progress: Science Meets Practice. A. J. Haverkort and P. C. Struik, eds. Wageningen Academic Publishers, Wageningen, The Netherlands.
20. Munyaneza, J. E., and Upton, J. E. 2005. Beet leafhopper (Hemiptera: Cicadellidae) setting behavior, survival, and reproduction on selected host plants. J. Econ. Entomol. 98:1824-1830.
21. O'Hayer, K. W., Schultz, G. A., Eastman, C. E., Fletcher, J., and Goodman, R. M. 1983. Transmission of Spiroplasma citri by the aster leafhopper, Macrosteles fascifrons (Homoptera: Cicadellidae). Ann. Appl. Biol. 102:311-318.
22. Oldfield, G. N., and Calavan, E. C. 1982. Stubborn disease in non-rutaceous plants. Description and Illustration of Virus and Virus-like Diseases of Citrus: A Collection of Color Slides (rev. ed.). J. Bové and R. Vogel, eds. Institut Francais de Recherches Fruitieres Outre-Mer. Paris.
23. Raju, B. C., Nyland, G., Backus, E. A., and McLean, D. L. 1981. Association of a Spiroplasma with brittle root of horseradish. Phytopathology 71:1067-1072.
24. Schultz, T. R., and Shaw, M. E. 1991. Occurrence of the beet leafhopper-transmitted virescence agent in red and daikon radish seed plants in Washington State. Plant Dis. 75:751.
25. Shaw, M. E., and Kirkpatrick, B. C. 1993. The beet leafhopper-transmitted virescence agent causes tomato big bud disease in California. Plant Dis. 77:290-295.
26. Shaw, M. E., Kirkpatrick, B. C., Davis, R. M., and Golino, D. A. 1990. The beet leafhopper transmitted virescence agent causes a premature flowering and virescence disease of carrots. (Abstr.) Phytopathology 80:1072.
27. Tsai, J. H. 1979. Vector transmission of mycoplasmal agents of plant diseases. Pages 265-307 in: The Mycoplasmas, Vol. 3. R. E. Whitcomb and J. G. Tully, eds. Academic Press, New York.