Marine algal toxins: Biochemistry, genetics, and molecular biology

Limnology and Oceanography

Volumn 42, Issue 5, 1998, Pages 1252-1264

  Plwnley, F Gerald ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY OF ALASKA FAIRBANKS   (United States)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

EID: 33746527102     PISSN: 00243590     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: None     Document Type: Article

References (78)

1. AHMED, M. S., S. KHAN, O. ARAKAWA, AND Y. ONOUE. 1995. Properties of hemagglutinins newly separated from toxic phytoplankton. Biochim. Biophys. Acta 1243: 509-512.
2. ALEXEYEV, M. F., AND I. N. SHOKOLENKO. 1995. Mini-TnlO transposon derivatives for insertion mutagenesis and gene delivery into the chromosome of gram-negative bacteria. Gene 160: 59-62.
3. ANDERSON, D. M., AND T. P.-O. CHENG. 1988. Intracellular localization of saxitoxins in the dinoflagellate Gonyaulax tamarensis. J. Phycol. 24: 17-22.
4. ANDERSON, D. M., D. M. KULIS, J. J. SULLIVAN, AND S. HALL. 1990a. Toxin composition variations in one isolate of the dinoflagellate Alexandrium fundyense. Toxicon 28: 885-893.
5. AND C. LEE. 1990e. Dynamics and physiology of saxitoxin production by the dinoflagellates Alexandrium spp. Mar. Biol. 104: 511-524.
6. ANTONUCCI, T. K., P. WEN, AND W. J. RUTTER. 1989. Eukaryotic promoters drive gene expression in Escherichia coli. J. Biol. Chem. 264: 17,656-17,659.
7. BATES, S. S., D. J. DOUGLAS, G. J. DOUCETTE, AND C. LEGER. 1995. Enhancement of domoic acid production by reintroducing bacteria to axenic cultures of the diatom Pseitdo-nitzschia multiseries. Nat. Toxins 3: 428-435.
8. BERG, D. E., AND M. H. HOWE. 1989. Mobile DNA. Am. Soc. Microbiol.
9. BOCZAR, B. A., M. K. BEITLER, J. LISTON, J. J. SULLIVAN, AND R. A. CATTOLICO. 1988. Paralytic shellfish toxins in Protogonyaitlax tamarensis and Protogonyaulax catenella in axenic culture. Plant Physiol. 88: 1285-1290.
10. J. LISTON, AND R. A. CATTOLICO. 1991. Characterization of satellite DNA from three marine dinoflagellates (Dinophyceae): Glenodinium sp. and two members of the toxic genus, Protogonyaulax. Plant Physiol. 97: 613-618.
11. BOMBER, J. W., AND K. E. AIKMAN. 1988-1989. The ciguatera dinoflagellates. Biol. Oceanogr. 6: 291-311.
12. BORTHAKUR, D., AND P. HASELKORN. 1989. Tn5 mutagcnesis of Anabaena sp. strain PCC 7120: Isolation of a new mutant unable to grow without combined nitrogen. J. Bacteriol. 171: 5759-5761.
13. BOYER, G. L., J. J. SULLIVAN, R. J. ANDERSEN, P. J. HARRISON, AND F. J. R. TAYLOR. 1987. Effects of nutrient limitation on toxin production and composition in the marine dinofiagellate Protogonyaulax tamarensis. Mar. Biol. 96: 123-128.
14. BRAND, L. E. 1988-1989. Review of genetic variation in marine phytoplankton species and ecological implications. Biol. Oceanogr. 6: 397-409.
15. BURKHOLDER, J. M., AND H. B. GLASGOW, JR. 1997. Pfiesteria piscicida and other Pfiesteria-liks dinoflagellates: Behavior, impacts, and environmental controls. Limnol. Oceanogr. 42: 1052-1075.
16. CARMICHAEL, W. W. 1992. Cyanobacteria secondary metabolites-the cyanotoxins. J. Appl. Bacteriol. 72: 445-459.
17. AND I. R. FALCONER. 1993. Diseases related to freshwater blue-green algal toxins, and control measures, p. 187-209. In I. R. Falconer [ed.], Algal toxins in seafood and drinking water. Academic.
18. N. A. MAHMOOD, AND E. G. HYDE. 1990. Natural toxins from cyanobacteria (blue-green algae), p. 87-106. In Marine toxins: Origin, structure, and molecular pharmacology. Am. Chem. Soc. Symp. Ser. 418.
19. CEMBELLA, A. E., J. J. SULLIVAN, G. L. BOYER, F. J. R. TAYLOR, AND R. J. ANDERSEN. 1987. Variation in paralytic shellfish toxin composition within the Protogonyaulax tamarensislcantenella species complex: Red tide dinoflagellates. Biochem. Syst. Ecol. 15: 171-186.
20. DAHLBERG, C., AND M. HERMANSSON. 1995. Abundance of Tn3, Tn21, and TnSOl transposase (JnpA) sequences in bacterial community DNA from marine environments. Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 61: 3051-3056.
21. DE LORENZO, V., M. HERRERO, U. JAKUBZIK, AND K. N. TIMMIS. 1990. Mini-Tn5 transposon derivatives for insertion mutagenesis, promoter probing, and chromosomal insertion of cloned DNA in gram-negative eubacteria. J. Bacteriol. 172: 6568-6572.
22. DOUCETTE, G. J. 1995. Interactions between bacteria and harmful algae: A review. Nat. Toxins 3: 65-74.
23. AND C. G. TRICK. 1995. Characterization of bacteria as-sociated with different isolates of Alexandriwn tamarense, p. 33-38. In Harmful algal blooms. Proc. 6th Int. Conf. on Toxic Marine Phytoplankton. Lavoisier.
24. DOUGLAS, D. J., U. P. RAMSEY, J. A. WALTER, AND J. L. C. WRIGHT. 1992. Biosynthesis of the neurotoxin domoic acid by the marine diatom Nitzschia pungens forma miiltiseries with [13C]-labelled precursor and nuclear magnetic resonance. J. Chem. Soc. Chem. Commun. N9: 714-716.
25. DUNAHAY, T. G. 1993. Transformation of Chlamydomonas reinhardtii with silicon carbide whiskers. BioTechniques 15: 452-460.
26. E. E. JARVIS, AND P. G. ROESSLER. 1995. Genetic transformation of the diatoms Cyclotella cryptica and Navicula saprophila. J. Phycol. 31: 1004-1012.
27. ELHAI, J., AND C. P. WOLK. 1988. Conjugal transfer of DNA to Cyanobacteria. Meth. Enzymol. 167: 747-765.
28. FRANCA, S., S. VIEGAS, V. MASCARENHAS, L. PINTO, AND G. J. DOUCETTE. 1995. Prokaryotes in associateion with a toxic Alexandriwn lusitanicum in culture, p. 45-51. In Harmful algal blooms. Proc. 6th Int. Conf. on Toxic Marine Phytoplankton. Lavoisier.
29. GARSON, M. J. 1993. The biosynthesis of marine natural products. Chem. Rev. 93: 1699-1733.
30. HALL, L. M., K. N. TAYLOR, AND D. D. JONES. 1993. Expression of a foreign gene in Chlamydomonas reinhardtii. Gene 124: 75-81.
31. HALL, S. 1982. Toxins and toxicity of Protogonyaulax from the northeast Pacific. Ph.D. thesis, Univ. Alaska.
32. G. STRICHARTZ, E. MOCZYDLOWSKI, A. RAVINDRAN, AND P. B. REICHARDT. 1990. The saxitoxins: sources, chemistry and pharmacology, p. 29-65. In Marine toxins: Origin, structure, and molecular pharmacology. Am. Chem. Soc. Symp. Ser. 418.
33. HANEY, J. E, J. J. SASNER, AND M. IKAWA. 1995. Effects of products released by Aphanizomenon flos-aquae and purified saxitoxin on the movements of Daphnia carinata feeding appendages. Limnol. Oceanogr. 40: 263-272.
34. HASHIMOTO, T., AND Y. YAMADA. 1994. Alkaloid biogenesis: Molecular aspects. Annu. Rev. Plant Physiol. Plant Mol. Biol. 45: 257-85.
35. HEINEMANN, J. A., AND G. E SPRAGUE. 1989. Bacterial conjugative plasmids mobilize DNA transfer between bacteria and yeast. Nature 340: 205-209.
36. HERMANSSON, M., G. W. JONES, AND S. KJELLEBERG. 1987. Frequency of antibiotic and heavy metal resistance, pigmentation, and plasmids in bacteria of the marine air-water interface. Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 53: 2338-2342.
37. HODGSON, J. E. AND OTHERS. 1995. Clavulanic acid biosynthesis in Streptomyces claviiligerus: Gene cloning and characterization. Gene 166: 49-55.
38. HUBANK, M., AND D. G. SCHATZ. 1994. Identifying differences in mRNA expression by representational difference analysis of cDNA. Nucleic Acids Res. 22: 5640-5648.
39. ISHIDA, Y, C. H. KLM, Y. SAKO, N. HIROOKA, AND A. UCHIDA. 1993. PSP toxin production is chromosome dependent in Alexandriwn spp, p. 881-87 In Toxic phytoplankton blooms in the sea. Proc. 5th Int. Conf. on Toxic Marine Phytoplankton. Elsevier.
40. JENSEN, P. R., AND W. FENICAL. 1994. Strategies for the discovery of secondary metabolites from marine bacteria: Ecological perspectives. Annu. Rev. Microbiol. 48: 559-584.
41. KODAMA, M., AND OTHERS. 1990. Production of paralytic shellfish toxins by a bacterium Moraxella sp. isolated from Protogonyaulax tamarensis. Toxicon 28: 707-714.
42. T. OGATA, AND S. SATO. 1988. Bacterial production of saxitoxin. Agric. Biol. Chem. 52: 1075-1077.
43. KoTAKi, Y., Y. OsHiMA, AND T. YASUMOTO. 1985. Bacterial transformation of paralytic shellfish toxins, p. 287-292. In Toxic dinoflagellates: Proc. 3rd Int. Conf. Elsevier.
44. M. TAJIRI, Y. OSHIMA, AND T. YASUMOTO. 1983. Identification of a calcareous red alga as the primary source of paralytic shellfish toxins in coral reef crabs and gastropods. Nippon Suisan Gakkaishi 49: 283-286.
45. KOVACH, M. E., R. W. PHILLIPS, P. H. ELZER, R. M. ROOP II, AND K. M. PETERSON. 1994. pBBRlMCS: A broad host-range cloning vector. BioTechniques 16: 800-802.
46. LIANG, P., AND A. B. PARDEE. 1992. Differential display of eukaryotic messenger RNA by means of the polymerase chain reaction. Science 257: 967-971.
47. MAHMOOD, N. A., AND W. W. CARMICHAEL. 1986. Paralytic shellfish poisons produced by the freshwater cyanobacterium Aphanizomenon flos-aquae. Toxicon 24: 175-186.
48. MICKELSON, C., AND C. M. YENTSCH. 1979. Toxicity and nucleic acid content of Conyaiilax excavata, p. 131-134. In Toxic dinoflagellate blooms: Proc. 2nd Int. Conf. Elsevier.
49. MORSE, D., P. M. MILOS, E. Roux, AND J. W. HASTINGS. 1989. Orcadian regulation of bioluminescence in Gonyaulax involves translational control. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sei. 86: 172-176.
50. NAGAI, K., AND H. C. THOGERSEN. 1987. Synthesis and sequencespecific proteolysis of hybrid proteins produced in Escherichia coli. Meth. Enzymo. 153: 461-481.
51. NIKAIDO, H. 1994. Prevention of drug access to bacterial targets: Permeability barriers and active efflux. Science 264: 382-388.
52. ODA, T, AND OTHERS. 1992. Hydroxyl radical generation by red tide algae. Arch. Biochem. Biophys. 294: 38-43.
53. OGATA, T, T. ISHIMARU, AND K. KODAMA. 1987. Effect of water temperature and light intensity on growth rate and toxicity change in Protogonyaulax lamarensis. Mar. Biol. 95: 217-220.
54. AND OTHERS. 1990. Production of paralytic shellfish toxins by bacteria isolated from toxic dinoflagellates, p. 311-315. In Toxic marine phytoplankton: Proc. 4th Int. Conf. Elsevier.
55. OSHIMA, Y. 1995. Chemical and enzymatic transformation of paralytic shellfish toxins in marine organisms, p. 475-480. In Harmful algal blooms. Proc. 6th Int. Conf. on Toxic Marine Phytoplankton. Lavoisier.
56. S. I. BLACKBURN, AND G. M. HALLEGRAEFF. 1993. Comparative study on paralytic shellfish toxin profiles of the dinoflagellate Gymnodiniitm catenatum from three different countries. Mar. Biol. 116: 471-476.
57. POTRYKUS, I. 1991. Gene transfer to plants: assessment of published approaches and results. Annu. Rev. Plant Physiol. Plant Mol. Biol. 42: 205-225.
58. ROSZELL, L. E., L. S. SCHULMAN, AND D. G. BADEN. 1990. Toxin profiles are dependent on growth stages in cultured Ptychodiscus brevis, p. 403-406. In Toxic marine phytoplankton: Proc. 4th Int. Conf. Elsevier.
59. SAMBROOK, J., E. F. FRITSCH, AND T. MANIATIS. 1989. Molecular cloning: A laboratory manual. Cold Spring Harbor Lab.
60. SAKO, Y, C.-H. KLM, AND Y. ISHIDA. 1992. Mendelian inheritance of paralytic shellfish poisoning toxin in the marine dinoflagellate Alexandrium catenella. Biosci. Biotech. Biochem. 56: 692-694.
61. SEKI, T., M. SATAKE, L. MACKENZIE, H. F. KASPAR, AND T. YASUMOTO. 1995. Gymnodimine, a new marine toxin of unprecedented structure isolated from New Zealand oysters and the dinoflagellate, Gymnodinium sp. Tetrahedron Lett. 36: 7093-7096.
62. SHARMA, S. K. 1986. On the recovery of genetically engineered proteins from Escherichia coli. Sep. Sei. Technol. 21: 701-726.
63. SHIMIZU, Y. 1993. Microalgal metabolites. Chem. Rev. 93: 1685-1698.
64. S. GUPTA, AND H.-N. CHOU. 1990a. Biosynthesis of red tide toxins, p. 21-28. In Marine toxins: Origin, structure, and molecular pharmacology. Am. Chem. Soc. Symp. Ser. 418.
65. AND A. V. K. PRASAD. 1990&. Biosynthesis of dinoflagellate toxins, p. 62-73. In Toxic marine phytoplankton: Proc. 4th Int. Conf. Elsevier.
66. AND G. WRENSFORD. 1993. Peculiarities in the biosynthesis of brevetoxins and metabolism of Gymnodinium breve, p. 919-923. In Toxic phytoplankton blooms in the sea. Proc. 5th Int. Conf. on Toxic Marine Phytoplankton Elsevier.
67. SILVA, E. S. 1962. Some observations on marine dinoflagellate cultures. 3. Gonyaulax spinifera (Clap, and Lach.) Dies., Gonyaulax tamarensis Leb., and Peridinium trochoideum (Stein) Lemm. Notas Estud. Inst. Biol. Marit. 26: 1-21.
68. SMAYDA, T. J. 1992. Global epidemic of noxious phytoplankton blooms and food chain consequences in large ecosystems, p. 275-307. In K. Sherman et al. [eds.], Food chains, models and management of large marine ecosystems. Westview.
69. STEIDINGER, K. A. 1993. Some taxonomic and biologic aspects of toxic dinoflagellates, p. 1-28. In I. R. Falconer [ed.], Algal toxins in seafood and drinking water. Academic.
70. TANAKA, K., S. YOSHIMATSU, AND M. SHIMADA. 1992. Generation of Superoxide anions by Chattonella antiqua: Possible causes for fish death caused by "red tide." Experientia 48: 888-890.
71. TARONCHER-OLDENBURG, G., D. M. KULIS, AND D. M. ANDERSON. 1997. Toxin variability during the cell cycle of the dinofiagellate Alexandrium fundyense. Limnol. Oceanogr. 42: 1178-1188.
72. TOMAS, C. R., AND D. G. BADEN. 1993. The influence of phosphorus source on the growth and cellular toxin content of the benthic dinoflagellate Prorocentrwn lima, p. 565-570. In Toxic phytoplankton blooms in the sea. Proc. 5th Int. Conf. on Toxic Marine Phytoplankton. Elsevier.
73. VINING, L. C. 1990. Functions of secondary metabolites. Annu. Rev. Microbiol. 44: 395-427.
74. WEISING, K., J. SCHELL, AND G. KAHL. 1988. Foreign genes in plants; transfer, structure, expression, and applications. Annu. Rev. Genet. 22: 421-477.
75. WHITE, A. W., AND L. MARANDA. 1978. Paralytic toxins in the dinoflagellate Gonyaiilax excavata and in shellfish. J. Fish. Res. Bd. Can. 35: 397-402.
76. WOLK, C. P., Y. CAI, AND J.-M. PANOFF. 1991. Use of a transposon with luciferase as a reporter to identify environmentally responsive genes in a cyanobacterium. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sei. 88: 5355-5359.
77. WONG, K. K., AND M. . 1994. Stress inducible gene of Salmonella typhimurium identified by arbitrarily primed PCR of RNA. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sei. 91: 639-643.
78. ZHOU, J., AND L. FRITZ. 1994. Okadaic acid antibody localizes to chloroplasts in the DSP-toxin-producing dinoflagellates Prorocentnun lima and Prorocentnun maciilosum. Phycologia 33: 455-461.