Shift in vaginal flora (bacterial vaginosis) and the frequency of chorioamnionitis in a high-risk population

Acta Cytologica

Volumn 50, Issue 4, 2006, Pages 410-414

  Takei, Hidehiro ^a   Ruiz, Bernardo ^a,b  

^a BAYLOR COLLEGE OF MEDICINE   (United States)

^b Louisiana State University School of Medicine Shreveport   (United States)

Author keywords

Bacterial vaginosis; Chorioamnionitis; Papanicolaou smear; Shift in vaginal flora

Indexed keywords

ADOLESCENT; ADULT; ARTICLE; CHORIOAMNIONITIS; CHORIONITIS; DELIVERY; ETHNOLOGY; FEMALE; FEMALE GENITAL TRACT INFLAMMATION; FIRST TRIMESTER PREGNANCY; GESTATIONAL AGE; HIGH RISK POPULATION; HUMAN; HUMAN TISSUE; MATERNAL AGE; NECROTIZING CHORIOAMNIONITIS; NONHUMAN; PAPANICOLAOU TEST; PLACENTA; PREDICTION; PREGNANCY; PREVALENCE; PRIORITY JOURNAL; SUBCHORIONITIS; TISSUE SECTION; VAGINA FLORA; VAGINITIS;

BACTERIA (MICROORGANISMS);

EID: 33746521192     PISSN: 00015547     EISSN: 19382650     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1159/000325983     Document Type: Article

References (31)

1. Pastorek JG: Obstetric and Gynecologic Infectious Disease. New York, Raven Press, 1994
2. Delaney ML, Onderdonk AB: Nugent score related to vaginal culture in pregnant women. Obstet Gynecol 2001;98:79-84
3. Hay PE, Morgan DJ, Ison CA, Bhide SA, Romney M, McKenzie P, Pearson J, Lamont RF, Taylor-Robinson D: A longitudinal study of bacterial vaginosis during pregnancy. Br J Obstet Gynaecol 1994;101:1048-1053
4. Martius J, Eschenbach DA: The role of bacterial vaginosis as a cause of amniotic fluid infection, chorioamnionitis and prematurity: A review. Arch Gynecol Obstet 1990;247:1-13
5. Pastore LM, Thorp JM Jr, Royce RA, Savitz DA, Jackson TP: Risk score for antenatal bacterial vaginosis: BV PIN points. J Perinatol 2002;22:125-132
6. Royce RA, Jackson TP, Thorp JM Jr, Hillier SL, Rabe LK, Pastore LM, Savitz DA: Race/ethnicity, vaginal flora patterns, and pH during pregnancy. Sex Transm Dis 1999;26:96-102
7. Ness RB, Hillier S, Richter HE, Soper DE, Stamm C, Bass DC, Sweet RL, Rice P: Can known risk factors explain racial differences in the occurrence of bacterial vaginosis? J Natl Med Assoc 2003;95:201-212
8. Westrom L: Clinical manifestations and diagnosis of pelvic inflammatory disease. J Reprod Med (suppl) 1983;28:703-708
9. Wasserheit JN, Bell TA, Kiviat NB, Wolner-Hanssen P, Zabriskie V, Kirby BD, Prince EC, Holmes KK, Stamm WE, Eschenbach DA: Microbial causes of proven pelvic inflammatory disease and efficacy of clindamycin and toburamycin. Ann Intern Med 1986;104:187-193
10. Kunz J: Pelvic inflammatory disease and nonspecific vaginitis. Ther Umsch 1985;42:781-786
11. Paavonen J, Teisala K, Heinonen PK: Microbiological and histopathological findings in acute pelvic inflammatory disease. Br J Obstet Gynaecol 1987;94:454-460
12. Stamey TA, Timothy MM: Studies of introital colonization in women with recurrent urinary infections: I. The role of vaginal pH. J Urol 1975;114:261-263
13. Watts DH, Eschenbach DA, Kenny GE: Early postpartum endometritis: The role of bacteria, genital mycoplasmas and chlamydia trachomatis. Obstet Gynecol 1989;73:52-60
14. Gravett MG, Hummel D, Eschenbach DA, Holmes KK: Preterm labor associated with subclinical amnionic fluid infection and with bacterial vaginosis. Obstet Gynecol 1986;67:229-237
15. Hillier SL, Martius J, Krohn M, Kiviat N, Holmes KK, Eschenbach DA: A case-control study of chorioamnionic infection and histologic chorioamnionitis in prematurity. N Engl J Med 1998;319:972-978
16. Minkoff H, Grunebaum A, Feldman J, Cummings M, McCormack WM: Relationship of vaginal pH and Papanicolaou smear results to vaginal flora and pregnant outcome. Int J Gynecol Obstet 1987;25:17-23
17. Schröder K: Zur Pathogenese und Klinik des vaginalen Fluors. Zentralbl Gynakol 1921;45:1350-1361
18. Amsel R, Totten PA, Spiegel CA, Chen KCS, Eschenbach DA, Holmes KK: Nonspecific vaginitis. Diagnostic criteria and microbial and epidemiologic associations. Am J Med 1983;74:14-22
19. Hiller SL, Krohn MA, Nugent RP, Gibbs RS: Characteristics of three vaginal flora patterns assessed by Gram stain among pregnant women (for the Vaginal Infections and Prematurity Study Group). Am J Obstet Gynecol 1992;166:938-944
20. Lamont RF, Hudson EA, Hay PE, Morgan DJ, Modi V, Ison CA, Taylor-Robinson D: A comparison of the use of Papanicolaou-stained cervical cytology smears with gram-stained vaginal smears for the diagnosis of bacterial vaginosis in early pregnancy. Int J STD AIDS 1999;10:93-97
21. Spiegel CA, Amsel R, Holmes KK: Diagnosis of bacterial vaginosis by direct gram stain of vaginal fluid. J Clin Microbiol 1983;18:170-177
22. Thompson JL, Anderson RJ, Gelbart SM, Osypowski PJ, Scaglione NJ, El Tabbakh G, James JA: Simplified gram stain interpretive method for diagnosis of bacterial vaginosis. Am J Obstet Gynecol 1992;167:16-19
23. Platz-Christensen J-J, Larsson PG, Sundstrom E, Bondeson L: Detection of bacterial vaginosis in Papanicolaou smears. Am J Obstet Gynecol 1989;160:132-133
24. Davis JD, Connor EE, Clark P, Wilkinson EJ, Duff P: Correlation between cervical cytologic results and Gram stain as diagnostic tests for bacterial vaginosis. Am J Obstet Gynecol 1997;17:532-535
25. Soper DE, Mayhall CG, Dalton HP: Risk factors for intraamnionic infection: A prospective epidemiologic study. Am J Obstet Gynecol 1989;161:562-568
26. Mass SB, Brennan JP, Silverman N, van Hoeven KH: Association between a shift in vaginal flora on Papanicolaou smear and acute chorioamnionitis and preterm delivery. Diagn Cytopathol 1998;21:7-9
27. Yoon BH, Romero R, Park JS, Chang JW, Kim YA, Kim JC, Kim KS: Microbial invasion of the amniotic cavity with Ureaplasma urealyticum is associated with a robust host response in fetal, amniotic, and maternal compartments. Am J Obstet Gynecol 1998;179:1254-1260
28. Hiller SL, Witkin SS, Krohn MA, Watts DH, Kiviat NB, Eschenbach DA: The relationship of amniotic fluid cytokines and preterm delivery, amniotic fluid infection, histologic chorioamnionitis, and chorioamnion infection. Obstet Gynecol 1993;81:941-948
29. Greig PC, Ernest JM, Teot L, Erikson M, Talley R: Amniotic fluid interluekin-6 levels correlate with histologic chorioamnionitis and amniotic fluid cultures in patients in premature labor with intact membranes. Am J Obstet Gynecol 1993;169: 1035-1044
30. Simhan HN, Caritis SN, Krohn MA, Martinez de Tejada B, Landers DV, Hiller SL: Decreased cervical proinflammatory cytokines permit subsequent upper genital tract infection during pregnancy. Am J Obstet Gynecol 2003;189:560-567
31. Hameed C, Tejani N, Verma UL, Archbald F: Silent chorioamnionitis as a cause of preterm labor refractory to tocolytic therapy. Am J Obstet Gynecol 1984;149:729-730