Preventing complications in facial plastic surgery

Current Opinion in Otolaryngology and Head and Neck Surgery

Volumn 14, Issue 4, 2006, Pages 265-269

  Honrado, Carlo P ^b,c   Pastorek, Norman J ^a  

^a Cornell University ^*  (United States)

^b NEW YORK MEDICAL COLLEGE   (United States)

^c NEW YORK EYE AND EAR INFIRMARY   (United States)

Author keywords

Complications; Cosmetic surgery; Prevention

Indexed keywords

ANTIBIOTIC AGENT; BOTULINUM TOXIN A; CORTICOSTEROID; FILLER; HERBACEOUS AGENT;

BLEPHAROSPASM; COMPREHENSION; DIET SUPPLEMENTATION; DIPLOPIA; DYSTONIA; ELECTIVE SURGERY; ESTHETIC SURGERY; EYELID RECONSTRUCTION; FACE SURGERY; FUNCTIONAL ANATOMY; HEALTH CARE ACCESS; HEMATOMA; HEMOSTASIS; HUMAN; HYPERHIDROSIS; INJECTION; INTERNET; INVASIVE PROCEDURE; JOB PERFORMANCE; MEDICAL LITERATURE; MULTIMEDIA; NON INVASIVE PROCEDURE; NONHUMAN; NOSE RECONSTRUCTION; PATIENT SELECTION; PHYSICIAN; POSTOPERATIVE COMPLICATION; POSTOPERATIVE HEMORRHAGE; POSTOPERATIVE INFECTION; PREVALENCE; PRIORITY JOURNAL; PTOSIS; REJUVENATION; REVIEW; RHYTIDOPLASTY; RISK ASSESSMENT; SCAR FORMATION; SKIN BRUISING; TELEVISION; TENDON INJURY; TREATMENT FAILURE;

BLEPHAROPLASTY; BOTULINUM TOXIN TYPE A; FACE; FEMALE; HUMANS; MALE; NEUROMUSCULAR AGENTS; PATIENT SELECTION; POSTOPERATIVE COMPLICATIONS; PREVALENCE; RHINOPLASTY; RHYTIDOPLASTY; SURGERY, PLASTIC;

EID: 33746495597     PISSN: 10689508     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1097/01.moo.0000233598.14671.03     Document Type: Review

References (31)

1. American Society for Aesthetic Plastic Surgery. http://www.surgery.org/ press/news-release.php?iid=395. [Accessed 17 February 2005]
2. Henderson JL, Larrabee WF Jr, Krieger BD. Photographic standards for facial plastic surgery. Arch Facial Plast Surg 2005; 7:331-333. A very helpful review that provides guidelines to achieve standardized photographic views for specific facial plastic and reconstructive procedures.
3. Friedman O. Changes associated with the aging face. Facial Plast Surg Clin North Am 2005; 13:371-380. This is a very thorough review of anatomical changes that occur with age. Having a firm understanding of the facial anatomy is helpful when performing any procedure in the head and neck area.
4. Wang T. Patient selection for aging face surgery. Facial Plast Surg Clin North Am 2005; 13:381-382. This is a short discussion on how to approach a cosmetic consultation.
5. Muskett A, Barber WH 5th, Lineaweaver WC. The plastic surgeon's guide to drugs affecting hemostasis. Ann Plast Surg 2005; 54:570-576. With the number of aging patients undergoing cosmetic procedures, an article familiarizing the physician with medications that affect bleeding is essential since many of these patients may be on multiple drugs that can alter hemostasis.
6. Williams EF, Lam SM. Comprehensive facial rejuvenation: a practical and systematic guide to surgical management of the aging face. Philadelphia, PA: Lippincott, Williams and Wilkins; 2004.
7. Rohrich RJ, Coberly DM, Krueger JK, et al. Planning elective operations on patients who smoke: survey of North American plastic surgeons. Plast Reconstr Surg 2002; 109:350-355.
8. Practice guidelines for sedation and analgesia by nonanesthesiologists. A report by the American Society of Anesthesiologists Task Force on Sedation and Analgesia by Non-Anesthesiologists. Anesthesiology 1996; 84:459-471.
9. Klein AW. Complications with the use of botulinum toxin. Int Ophthalmol Clin 2005; 45:163-169. A nice discussion of how complications can arise if improper Botox administration is performed.
10. Spiegel JH. Treatment of periorbital rhytids with botulinum toxin type A: maximizing safety and results. Arch Facial Plast Surg 2005; 7:198-202. This article discusses the mechanism of action of Botox along with safety concerns when using the product in an 'off-label' fashion.
11. Kaltreider SA, Kennedy RH, Woog JJ, et al. American Academy of Ophthalmology; Ophthalmic Technology Assessment Committee Oculoplastics Panel. Cosmetic oculofacial applications of botulinum toxin: a report by the American Academy of Ophthalmology. Ophthalmology 2005; 112:1159-1167. A literature search was performed to determine the safety and effectiveness of botulinum toxin for cosmetic oculofacial use. The panel reviewed and rated the articles for study design, methods, and results and showed that Botox is a safe medication of use in cosmetic rejuvenation.
12. Vartanian AJ, Dayan SH. Complications of botulinum toxin: a use in facial rejuvenation. Facial Plast Surg Clin North Am 2005; 13:1-10.
13. Sclafani A. Soft tissue fillers for management of the aging perioral complex. Facial Plast Surg 2005; 21:74-78. This article discusses some of the various fillers used for facial augmentation. More importantly, it goes through a step-by-step technique used for augmentation of various areas of the face.
14. Vartanian AJ, Frankel AS, Rubin MG. Injected hyaluronidase reduces restylane-mediated cutaneous augmentation. Arch Facial Plast Surg 2005; 7:231-237. This is the first article to actually show that the use of hyaluronidase is useful in reducing the augmentation effects of hyaluronic acid.
15. Honrado CP, Pastorek NJ. Long-term results of lower-lid suspension blepharoplasty: a 30-year experience. Arch Facial Plast Surg 2004; 6:150-154.
16. Glavas IP. The diagnosis and management of blepharoplasty complications. Otolaryngol Clin North Am 2005; 38:1009-1021. A very detailed description of the avoidance and management of complications for both upper and lower blepharoplasty. Preoperative evaluation is stressed.
17. Patipa M. Transblepharoplasty lower eyelid and midface rejuvenation. Part I: Avoiding complications by utilizing lessons learned from the treatment of complications. Plast Reconstr Surg 2004; 113:1459-1468; discussion 1475-1477.
18. Toriumi D. Structure approach in rhinoplasty. Facial Plast Surg Clin North Am 2005; 13:93-113. This is an excellent article that discusses the evolution of rhinoplasty methods from purely excisional techniques to repositioning and restructuring of tissues. As discussed, an understanding of anatomical variants is the responsibility of the surgeon so that he can make necessary adjustments to avoid complications in rhinoplasty surgery.
19. Pastorek NJ, Bustillo A, Murphy MR, Becker DG. The extended columellar strut-tip graft. Arch Facial Plast Surg 2005; 7:176-184. Control of the nasal tip is important in rhinoplasty. This article shows that the use of an extended columellar strut graft combines the attributes of both a columellar strut and tip graft and can be used effectively in the proper patient.
20. Ahn J, Honrado C, Horn C. Combined silicone and cartilage implants: augmentation rhinoplasty in Asian patients. Arch Facial Plast Surg 2004; 6:120-123.
21. Camirand A, Doucet J, Harris J. Nose surgery: how to prevent a middle vault collapse: a review of 50 patients 3 to 21 years after surgery. Plast Reconstr Surg 2004; 114:527-534.
22. Rajan GP, Fergie N, Fischer U, et al. Antibiotic prophylaxis in septorhinoplasty? A prospective, randomized study. Plast Reconstr Surg 2005; 116: 1995-1998. The duration of antibiotic use is always a question. This is a prospective, randomized study that showed that a single dose of intravenous antibiotics given preoperatively before a closed septorhinoplasty is sufficient.
23. Zager WH, Dyer WK. Minimal incision facelift. Facial Plast Surg 2005; 21:21-27. This article shows that even a minimal incision facelift when minimal undermining of the skin and superficial musculoaponeurotic system (SMAS) is performed can have excellent results without the complications that can arise from more aggressive dissections.
24. Quatela VC, Marotta JC. Pitfalls of midface surgery. Facial Plast Surg Clin North Am 2005; 13:401-409. The endoscopic midface lift is a very powerful technique used to address the aging face. This article goes through the technique of the endoscopic midface lift in detail and discusses potential problems.
25. Lee S, Isse N. Barbed polypropylene sutures for midface elevation: early results. Arch Facial Plast Surg 2005; 7:55-61. With the popularity of minimally invasive procedures to address aging, this article discusses the use of the percutaneous barbed polypropylene sutures to specifically address midface aging.
26. Sabini P, Wayne I, Quatela VC. Anatomical guides to precisely localize the frontal branch of the facial nerve. Arch Facial Plast Surg 2003; 5:150-152.
27. Pastorek N, Bustillo A. Deep plane face-lift. Facial Plast Surg Clin North Am 2005; 13:433-449. This article discusses the evolution of the senior author's experience with facelift surgery. This is a very detailed, step-by-step discussion of the senior author's technique from preoperative assessment to intraoperative procedures used to decrease complications. The use of fibrin glue is also discussed and is shown to improve healing and recovery of the patients.
28. Kamer F, Song A. Hematoma formation in deep plane rhytidectomy. Arch Facial Plast Surg 2000; 2:240-242.
29. Baker DC, Stefani WA, Chiu ES. Reducing the incidence of hematoma requiring surgical evacuation following male rhytidectomy: a 30-year review of 985 cases. Plast Reconstr Surg 2005; 116:1973-1985; discussion, 1986-1987. This is an excellent long-term review of rhytidectomies performed on male patients. When compared with females, males have a higher incidence of complications in part due to their increased vascularity and increased skin thickness.
30. Niamtu F J 3rd. Expanding hematoma in face-lift surgery: literature review, case presentations, and caveats. Dermatol Surg 2005; 31:1134-1144; discussion 1144. This article is a review of the literature as well as the surgeon's own experience in hematoma formation after surgery. Some of the important points that the physician should pay close attention to is the preoperative medical history, medication regimens, perioperative blood pressures, postoperative activity, and nausea and vomiting.
31. Moyer JS, Baker SR. Complications of rhytidectomy. Facial Plast Surg Clin North Am 2005; 13:469-478. This is a very extensive review that solely focuses on the various complications that can occur after facelift surgery. For each complication, a detailed description of management is discussed. Good representative photos of some of the complications are also shown.