Spectres of the Third World: Global modernity and the end of the three worlds

Third World Quarterly

Volumn 25, Issue 1, 2004, Pages 131-148

  Dirlik, Arif ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY OF OREGON   (United States)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

DEVELOPING WORLD; GLOBALIZATION; MODERNITY;

EID: 33746417494     PISSN: 01436597     EISSN: 13602241     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1080/0143659042000185372     Document Type: Article

References (34)

1. A Dirlik, 'Three worlds, or one, or many: The reconfiguration of global relations under global capitalism', Nature, Society and Thought, 7 (1), 1995, pp 19-42.
2. CE Pletsch, 'The three worlds, or the division of social scientific labour, circa 1950-1975', Comparative Studies in Society and History, 23 (4), 1981, pp 565-590.
3. Quoted in ibid, p 569.
4. Pletsch, 'The three worlds', pp 571-572
5. Ibid, p 572.
6. R Wright, The Colour Curtain: A Report on the Bandung Conference, New York: World Publishing Co, 1956, pp 175-176.
7. R Malley, The Call from Algeria: Third Worldism, Revolution and the Turn to Islam, Berkeley, CA: University of California Press, 1996, p 2.
8. MT Berger, 'The end of the "Third World"?', Third World Quarterly, 15 (2), 1994, pp 257-275.
9. Pletsch, 'The three worlds', p 573.
10. I owe 'mobilisation myth' to A Woodside, 'The Asia-Pacific idea as mobilisation myth', in A Dirlik (ed), What is in a Rim? Critical Perspectives on the Pacific Region Idea, Lanham, MD: Rowman and Littlefield, 1997.
11. For a study of interactions between radical Asian intellectuals in the creation of radical discourses around the turn of the 20th century, see RA Karl, Staging the World: Chinese Nationalism at the Turn of the Twentieth Century, Durham, SC: Duke University Press, 2002.
12. Mao Zedong, Selected Works, Vol 2, On New Democracy, Beijing: Foreign Languages Press, 1965, pp 339-394.
13. These were reportedly Mao Zedong's words to President Kaunda of Zambia on the occasion of the latter's state visit to the PRC in February 1974. Cited in B Chen, 'Changes in China's international strategy and goals for the new Millennium', talk at the Institute for the Study of Diplomacy, Georgetown University, May 1998, available at http://ciaonet.org/wps.bog01, p 3.
14. Pletsch, 'The three worlds', p 589.
15. G Prakash, 'Writing post-Orientalist histories of the Third World: perspectives from Indian historiography', Comparative Studies in Society and History, 32, 1990, pp 383-408.
16. A Ahmad, In Theory: Classes, Nations, Literatures, London: Verso Books, 1992, p 103.
17. A Abdel-Malek, 'The Third World and the Orient', in Abdel-Malek, Civilisations and Social Theory, Albany, NY: State University of New York, 1981, pp 130-138.
18. E Shohat, 'Notes on the "post-colonial"', Social Text, 31-32, p 111.
19. Pletsch, 'The three worlds', p 590.
20. For further discussion of this idea, see A Dirlik, 'Global modernity: modernity in an age of global capitalism', European Journal of Social Theory (in press).
21. My insistence on the singular is to make sure of a difference between 'global modernity' and 'global modernities'. The latter has not been particularly successful against the fascination with globalisation (which may be the fate of any challenge to that idea presently, given its service to various ideological purposes). See M Featherstone, S Lash & R Robertson, Global Modernities, London: Sage, 1995.
22. F Coronil, 'Towards a critique of globalcentrism: Speculations on capitalism's nature', Public Culture, 12 (2), 2000, pp 351-74.
23. For 'geohistorical', see PJ Taylor, Modernities: A Geohistorical Interpretation, Minneapolis, MN: University of Minnesota Press, 1999. Historicity in my usage is not quite the same as 'geohistory', as I denote by it both the spatial and the temporal dimensions of location.
24. J Fabian, Time and the Other: How Anthropology Makes its Object, New York: Columbia University Press, 1983, p 41.
25. For the 'sinicisation' of sociology, see Cai Yongmei and Xiao Xinhuang, Shehuixue Zhongguohua (Sinicization of Sociology), Taipei: Juliu tushu gongsi, 1985.
26. Islamicisation of sociology is discussed in Nilufer Gule, 'Snapshots of Islamic modernities', Daedalus, 129 (1), 2000, pp 112-113.
27. See also Park Myoung-Kyu & Chang Kyung-sup, 'Sociology between Western theory and Korean reality: Accommodation, tension, and a search for alternatives', International Sociology, 14 (2), 1999, pp 139-156.
28. Shiva, Nandy and Deloria, Jr are the authors of many works. For representative titles, see V Shiva, Staying Alive: Women, Ecology and Development, London: Zed Books, 1989.
29. A Nandy, 'History's forgotten doubles', History and Theory, 34 (2), 1995, pp 44-67.
30. and V Deloria, Jr, Red Earth, White Lies: Native Americans and the Myth of Scientific Fact, Golden, CO: Fulcrum Publishing, 1997.
31. For recent discussions of knowledge systems with reference to Pacific studies, see R Borofsky (ed), Remembrance of Pacific Pasts: An Invitation to Remake History, Honolulu, HI: University of Hawai'i Press, 2000.
32. For ethno-mathematics, see E Greene, 'Ethnomathematics: A step toward peace?', Dialogue (Duke University), 15 (9), 31 October 2000.
33. For foundations, see J Heilbrunn, 'The news from everywhere: Does global thinking threaten local knowledge? The Social Science Research Council debates the future of area studies', Lingua Franca, May-June 1996.
34. Nandy and Deloria, Jr were distinguished speakers at the Duke University Pivotal Ideas series in Spring 2000 and Spring 2001, respectively. For a discussion of these challenges in relation to modernity, see A Dirlik, 'Reading Ashis Nandy: The return of the past or modernity with a vengeance', in Dirlik, Postmodernity's Histories: The Past as Legacy and Project, Boulder, CO: Rowman and Littlefield, 2000, pp 119-141.