Marketing Malaysia as a model modern Muslim state: The significance of the 16th Commonwealth Games

Third World Quarterly

Volumn 25, Issue 7, 2004, Pages 1277-1291

  Van der Westhuizen, Janis ^a  

^a NONE

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

MULTICULTURALISM; NATIONAL IDENTITY; SPORT;

ASIA; EURASIA; MALAYSIA; SOUTHEAST ASIA;

EID: 33746409599     PISSN: 01436597     EISSN: 13602241     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1080/014365904200281276     Document Type: Article

References (57)

1. See CM Hall, Hallmark Tourist Events, London: Belhaven Press, 1992
2. and M Roche, Mega-Events and Modernity: Olympics and Expos in the Growth of Global Culture, London: Routledge, 2000.
3. Far Eastern Economic Review, 30 April 1998.
4. D Ingram, 'Commonwealth update', The Round Table, 349, 1999, p 29.
5. Sieh Kok Chi, 'Making the case', unpublished paper, 1998, p 2.
6. Ibid
7. and WD McIntyre & AM Hillmer, 'Kuala Lumpur '98', in The Commonwealth Ministers Reference Book, London: Commonwealth Secretariat, 1998, p 58.
8. Sieh Kok Chi, 'Making the case', p 2.
9. Ibid.
10. Although these divisions have, especially since the late 1970s, become less salient in ethnic terms, Malaysian society is characterised by the dominance of Malays, comprising just under half the population, with Chinese constituting about a quarter; Indians one-tenth and the rest being indigenous groups.
11. Sieh Kok Chi, 'Making the case', p 1.
12. The Malaysian Bid Committee organised presentations and hosted receptions at the 9th South Pacific Games in Port Moresby, Papua New Guinea in early September 1999, the fifth All Africa Games in Cairo on 21 September 1991 and the South Asian Games in Colombo on 20 December 1991.
13. The following were scheduled for 1998: The Nagano Winter Olympic Games (February); the Soccer World Cup in Paris (July); and the Asian Games in Bangkok (December).
14. For example, Malaysia had not even hosted the premier regional sports event, the Asian Games, although it had hosted the Southeast Asian Games twice. See M Muda, 'The significance of the Commonwealth Games in Malaysia's foreign policy', The Round Table, 346, 1998, p 214.
15. Ibid, pp 214-215.
16. In preparation of the Bid Document a questionnaire was sent to all the member organisations of the CGF in mid-1991 to elicit their views on possible improvements to the sports programme, the inclusion of team sports, possible dates for the Games, the requirements of the Games Village, and so on. See Sieh Kok Chi, 'The Bid', unpublished paper, 1998, p 3.
17. Ibid.
18. Ibid, pp 3-4.
19. Sieh Kok Chi, 'Making the case', p 4.
20. Ibid, p 7.
21. Cf Muda, 'The significance of the Commonwealth Games in Malaysia's foreign policy', p 219.
22. Ibid.
23. Far Eastern Economic Review, 30 April 1999.
24. J van der Westhuizen, 'Marketing the "Rainbow Nation": The power of the South African music, film and sport industry', in Kevin Dunn & Tim Shaw (eds), Africa's Challenge to International Relations Theory, London: Palgrave, 2001, pp 64-81.
25. M Silk, 'Together we're one? The "place" of the nation in media representations of the 1998 Kuala Lumpur Commonwealth Games', Sociology of Sport Journal, 18, 2001, pp 277-301.
26. Muda, 'The significance of the Commonwealth Games in Malaysia's foreign policy', p 223.
27. Far Eastern Economic Review, 30 April 1998.
28. Muda, 'The significance of the Commonwealth Games in Malaysia's foreign policy', p 223.
29. Financial Times Weekend, 25-26 October 1998
30. and South China Morning Post, 22 November 1996.
31. Sieh Kok Chi, 'Making the case', p 3.
32. Globe & Mail (Toronto), 22 September 1998
33. and Sieh Kok Chi, 'The future of sports after the 1998 Commonwealth Games', unpublished paper, 1998.
34. Muda, 'The significance of the Commonwealth Games in Malaysia's foreign policy', p 222.
35. McIntyre & Hillmer, 'Kuala Lumpur '98', p 60.
36. BT Khoo, Paradoxes of Mahathirism: An Intellectual Biography of Mahathir Mohamad, Kuala Lumpur: Oxford University Press, 1995, p 75.
37. Ibid, p 99.
38. Ibid, p 75.
39. Muda, 'The significance of the Commonwealth Games in Malaysia's foreign policy', p 220.
40. New Straits Times, 13 September 1998.
41. Muda, 'The significance of the Commnwealth Games in Malaysia's foreign policy', p 216.
42. Khoo, Paradoxes of Mahathirism, p 123.
43. Muda, 'The significance of the Commonwealth Games in Malaysia's foreign policy', p 223.
44. The script by SUKOM, the organising company of the 1998 Commonwealth Games, for this section of the display, directed that: The globe will burst open as the beams of light hit it. It opens up like a satellite dish, receiving and transmitting. As light beams are thrown back out, a unified and strong nation is now a reality. This depicts the re-engineering technology towards globalisation towards Vision 2020, as various images of the world are lasered onto the globe. In re-engineering for Vision 2020, Malaysia's goal is to achieve the status of a modern developed nation by the year 2020. It will put the people of the nation in a position to face the challenges of the new millennium, people are the richest resource of any country. Cf Silk, 'Together we're one?', p 286.
45. Ibid.
46. The Sun (Kuala Lumpur), 16 June 1998, emphasis added.
47. New Straits Times, 23 November 1998, emphasis added.
48. South China Morning Post, 17 December 1998.
49. Muda, 'The significance of the Commonwealth Games for Malaysia's foreign policy', p 217.
50. Bernama (Malaysian National News Agency), closing ceremony address by the executive chairman of SUKOM '98, 21 September 1998.
51. J van der Westhuizen, Adapting to Globalization: Malaysia, South Africa and the Challenges of Ethnic Redistribution with Growth, Westport, CT: Praeger, 2002, p 87.
52. The Straits Times, 21 September 1998.
53. Far Eastern Economic Review, 29 October 1998.
54. Ingram, 'Commonwealth update', p 11.
55. Bernama, closing ceremony address.
56. Silk, 'Together we're one?, pp 295-296.
57. Ibid, p 294.