Liver resection in the treatment of hepatocellular carcinoma

Expert Review of Anticancer Therapy

Volumn 6, Issue 4, 2006, Pages 567-579

  Ribero, Dario ^a   Abdalla, Eddie K ^a   Thomas, Melanie B ^a   Vauthey, Jean Nicolas ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY OF TEXAS MD ANDERSON CANCER CENTER   (United States)

Author keywords

Embolization; Fibrosis; Hepatitis; Hepatocellular carcinoma; Portal vein; Resection; Transplantation

Indexed keywords

CANCER INVASION; CANCER MORTALITY; CANCER SIZE; CANCER STAGING; CANCER SURVIVAL; CAUSE OF DEATH; CLINICAL TRIAL; HEPATIC VEIN; HUMAN; LIVER CELL CARCINOMA; LIVER FUNCTION; LIVER RESECTION; LIVER TRANSPLANTATION; PORTAL VEIN; POSTOPERATIVE HEMORRHAGE; PREDICTION; PREOPERATIVE EVALUATION; PROGNOSIS; RECURRENT CANCER; REOPERATION; REVIEW; SURGICAL TECHNIQUE; TREATMENT INDICATION; COMPUTER ASSISTED TOMOGRAPHY; LIVER TUMOR; METHODOLOGY; RADIOGRAPHY;

CARCINOMA, HEPATOCELLULAR; HEPATECTOMY; HUMANS; LIVER NEOPLASMS; TOMOGRAPHY, X-RAY COMPUTED;

EID: 33746280269     PISSN: 14737140     EISSN: 17448328     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1586/14737140.6.4.567     Document Type: Review

References (80)

1. Parkin DM, Bray F, Ferlay J, Pisani P. Global cancer statistics, 2002. CA Cancer J. Clin. 55, 74-108 (2002).
2. El-Serag HB. Hepatocellular carcinoma: an epidemiologic view. J. Clin. Gastroenterol. 35(5 Suppl. 2), S72-S78 (2002).
3. Calvet X, Bruix J, Gines P et al. Prognostic factors of hepatocellular carcinoma in the west: a multivariate analysis in 206 patients. Hepatology 12(4 Pt 1), 753-760 (1990).
4. Llovet JM, Bustamante J, Castells A et al. Natural history of untreated nonsurgical hepatocellular carcinoma: rationale for the design and evaluation of therapeutic trials. Hepatology 29(1), 62-67 (1999).
5. Fan ST, Lo CM, Liu CL et al. Hepatectomy for hepatocellular carcinoma: toward zero hospital deaths. Ann. Surg. 229(3), 322-330 (1999).
6. Imamura H, Seyama Y, Kokudo N et al. One thousand fifty-six hepatectomies without mortality in 8 years. Arch. Surg. 138(11), 1198-1206 (2003).
7. Poon RT, Fan ST, Wong J. Selection criteria for hepatic resection in patients with large hepatocellular carcinoma larger than 10 cm in diameter. J. Am. Coll. Surg. 194(5), 592-602 (2002).
8. Pawlik TM, Poon RT, Abdalla EK et al. Critical appraisal of the clinical and pathologic predictors of survival after resection of large hepatocellular carcinoma. Arch. Surg. 140(5), 450-457 (2005).
9. Ng KK, Vauthey JN, Pawlik TM et al. Is hepatic resection for large or multinodular hepatocellular carcinoma justified? Results from a multi-institutional database. Ann. Surg. Oncol. 12(5), 364-373 (2005).
10. Liu CL, Fan ST, Lo CM et al. Hepatic resection for bilobar hepatocellular carcinoma: is it justifed? Arch. Surg. 138(1), 100-104 (2003).
11. Wu CC, Ho WL, Lin MC et al. Hepatic resection for bilobar multicentric hepatocellular carcinoma: is it justified? Surgery 123(3), 270-277 (1998).
12. Pawlik TM, Poon RT, Abdalla EK et al. Hepatectomy for hepatocellular carcinoma with major portal or hepatic vein invasion: results of a multicenter study. Surgery 137(4), 403-410 (2005).
13. Minagawa M, Makuuchi M, Takayama T, Ohtomo K. Selection criteria for hepatectomy in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma and portal vein tumor thrombus. Ann. Surg. 233(3), 379-384 (2001).
14. Belghiti J, Panis Y, Farges O, Benhamou JP, Fekete F. Intrahepatic recurrence after resection of hepatocellular carcinoma complicating cirrhosis. Ann. Surg. 214(2), 114-117 (1991).
15. Portolani N, Coniglio A, Ghidoni S et al. Early and late recurrence after liver resection for hepatocellular carcinoma: prognostic and therapeutic implications. Ann. Surg. 243(2), 229-235 (2006).
16. Imamura H, Matsuyama Y, Tanaka E et al. Risk factors contributing to early and late phase intrahepatic recurrence of hepatocellular carcinoma after hepatectomy. J. Hepatol. 38(2), 200-207 (2003).
17. Poon RT, Fan ST, Lo CM, Liu CL, Wong J. Long-term survival and pattern of recurrence after resection of small hepatocellular carcinoma in patients with preserved liver function: implications for a strategy of salvage transplantation. Ann. Surg. 235(3), 373-382 (2002).
18. Minagawa M, Makuuchi M, Takayama T, Kokudo N. Selection criteria for repeat hepatectomy in patients with recurrent hepatocellular carcinoma. Ann. Surg. 238(5), 703-710 (2003).
19. Poon RT, Fan ST, Lo CM, Liu CL, Wong J. Intrahepatic recurrence after curative resection of hepatocellular carcinoma: long-term results of treatment and prognostic factors. Ann. Surg. 229(2), 216-222 (1999).
20. Nagasue N, Kohno H, Hayashi T et al. Repeat hepatectomy for recurrent hepatocellular carcinoma. Br. J. Surg. 83(1), 127-131 (1996).
21. Hu RH, Lee PH, Yu SC et al. Surgical resection for recurrent hepatocellular carcinoma: prognosis and analysis of risk factors. Surgery 120(1), 23-29 (1996).
22. Bruix J, Castells A, Bosch J et al. Surgical resection of hepatocellular carcinoma in cirrhotic patients: prognostic value of preoperative portal pressure. Gastroenterology 111(4), 1018-1022 (1996).
23. Eguchi H, Umeshita K, Sakon M et al. Presence of active hepatitis associated with liver cirrhosis is a risk factor for mortality caused by posthepatectomy liver failure. Dig. Dis. Sci. 45(7), 1383-1388 (2000).
24. Poon RT, Fan ST, Lo CM et al. Long-term prognosis after resection of hepatocellular carcinoma associated with hepatitis B-related cirrhosis. J. Clin. Oncol. 18(5), 1094-1101 (2000).
25. Noun R, Jagot P, Farges O, Sauvanet A, Belghiti J. High preoperative serum alanine transferase levels: effect on the risk of liver resection in Child grade A cirrhotic patients. World J. Surg. 21(4), 390-394 (1997).
26. Lau H, Man K, Fan ST et al. Evaluation of preoperative hepatic function in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma undergoing hepatectomy. Br. J. Surg. 84(9), 1255-1259 (1997).
27. Redaelli CA, Dufour JF, Wagner M et al. Preoperative galactose elimination capacity predicts complications and survival after hepatic resection. Ann. Surg. 235(1), 77-85 (2002).
28. Torzilli G, Makuuchi M, Inoue K et al. No-mortality liver resection for hepatocellular carcinoma in cirrhotic and noncirrhotic patients: is there a way? A prospective analysis of our approach. Arch. Surg. 134(9), 984-992 (1999).
29. Lam CM, Fan ST, Lo CM, Wong J. Major hepatectomy for hepatocellular carcinoma in patients with an unsatisfactory indocyanine green clearance test. Br. J. Surg. 86(8), 1012-1017 (1999).
30. Kubota K, Makuuchi M, Kusaka K et al. Measurement of liver volume and hepatic functional reserve as a guide to decision-making in resectional surgery for hepatic tumors. Hepatology 26(5), 1176-1181 (1997).
31. Vauthey JN, Chaoui A, Do KA et al. Standardized measurement of the future liver remnant prior to extended liver resection: methodology and clinical associations. Surgery 127(5), 512-519 (2000).
32. Vauthey JN, Abdalla EK, Doherty DA et al. Body surface area and body weight predict total liver volume in Western adults. Liver Transpl. 80, 233-240 (2002).
33. Johnson TN, Tucker GT, Tanner MS, Rostami-Hodjegan A. Changes in liver volume from birth to adulthood: a meta-analysis. Liver Transpl. 11(12), 1481-1493 (2005).
34. Abdalla EK, Barnett CC, Doherty D, Curley SA, Vauthey JN. Extended hepatectomy in patients with hepatobiliary malignancies with and without preoperative portal vein embolization. Arch. Surg. 137(6), 675-680 (2002).
35. Shirabe K, Shimada M, Gion T et al. Postoperative liver failure after major hepatic resection for hepatocellular carcinoma in the modern era with special reference to remnant liver volume. J. Am. Coll. Surg. 188(3), 304-309 (1999).
36. Panis Y, McMullan DM, Emond JC. Progressive necrosis after hepatectomy and the pathophysiology of liver failure after massive resection. Surgery 121(2), 142-149 (1997).
37. Yigitler C, Farges O, Kianmanesh R et al. The small remnant liver after major liver resection: how common and how relevant? Liver Transpl. 9(9), S18-S25 (2003).
38. Uesaka K, Nimura Y, Nagino M. Changes in hepatic lobar function after right portal vein embolization. An appraisal by biliary indocyanine green excretion. Ann. Surg. 223(1), 77-83 (1996).
39. Hirai I, Kimura W, Fuse A, Suto K, Urayama M. Evaluation of preoperative portal embolization for safe hepatectomy, with special reference to assessment of nonembolized lobe function with 99mTc-GSA SPECT scintigraphy. Surgery 133(5), 495-506 (2003).
40. Farges O, Belghiti J, Kianmanesh R et al. Portal vein embolization before right hepatectomy: prospective clinical trial. Ann. Surg. 237(2), 208-217 (2003).
41. Sarasin FP, Giostra E, Mentha G, Hadengue A. Partial hepatectomy or orthotopic liver transplantation for the treatment of resectable hepatocellular carcinoma? A cost-effectiveness perspective. Hepatology 28(2), 436-442 (1998).
42. Bigourdan JM, Jaeck D, Meyer N et al. Small hepatocellular carcinoma in Child A cirrhotic patients: hepatic resection versus transplantation. Liver Transpl. 9(5), 513-520 (2003).
43. Margarit C, Escartin A, Castells L et al. Resection for hepatocellular carcinoma is a good option in Child-Turcotte-Pugh class A patients with cirrhosis who are eligible for liver transplantation. Liver Transpl. 11(10), 1242-1251 (2005).
44. Cha CH, Ruo L, Fong Y et al. Resection of hepatocellular carcinoma in patients otherwise eligible for transplantation. Ann. Surg. 238(3), 315-321 (2003).
45. Adam R, Azoulay D, Castaing D et al. Liver resection as a bridge to transplantation for hepatocellular carcinoma on cirrhosis: a reasonable strategy? Ann. Surg. 238(4), 508-518 (2003).
46. Pierie JP, Muzikansky A, Tanabe KK, Ott MJ. The outcome of surgical resection versus assignment to the liver transplant waiting list for hepatocellular carcinoma. Ann. Surg. Oncol. 12(7), 552-560 (2005).
47. Maddala YK, Stadheim L, Andrews JC et al. Drop-out rates of patients with hepatocellular cancer listed for liver transplantation: outcome with chemoembolization. Liver Transpl. 10(3), 449-455 (2004).
48. Llovet JM, Fuster J, Bruix J. Intention-to-treat analysis of surgical treatment for early hepatocellular carcinoma: resection versus transplantation. Hepatology 30(6), 1434-1440 (1999).
49. Majno PE, Sarasin FP, Mentha G, Hadengue A. Primary liver resection and salvage transplantation or primary liver transplantation in patients with single, small hepatocellular carcinoma and preserved liver function: an outcome-oriented decision analysis. Hepatology 31(4), 899-906 (2000).
50. Belghiti J, Cortes A, Abdalla EK et al. Resection prior to liver transplantation for hepatocellular carcinoma. Ann. Surg. 238(6), 885-892 (2003).
51. Poon RT, Fan ST, Ng IO, Wong J. Significance of resection margin in hepatectomy for hepatocellular carcinoma: a critical reappraisal. Ann. Surg. 231(4), 544-551 (2000).
52. Hasegawa K, Kokudo N, Imamura H et al. Prognostic impact of anatomic resection for hepatocellular carcinoma. Ann. Surg. 242(2), 252-259 (2005).
53. Makuuchi M, Hasegawa H, Yamazaki S. Ultrasonically guided subsegmentectomy. Surg. Gynecol. Obstet. 161(4), 346-350 (1985).
54. Takigawa Y, Sugawara Y, Yamamoto J et al. New lesions detected by intraoperative ultrasound during liver resection for hepatocellular carcinoma. Ultrasound Med. Biol. 27(2), 151-156 (2001).
55. Kokudo N, Bandai Y, Imanishi H et al. Management of new hepatic nodules detected by intraoperative ultrasonography during hepatic resection for hepatocellular carcinoma. Surgery 119(6), 634-640 (1996).
56. Kanematsu T, Takenaka K, Matsumata T et al. Limited hepatic resection effective for selected cirrhotic patients with primary liver cancer. Ann. Surg. 199(1), 51-56 (1984).
57. Regimbeau JM, Kianmanesh R, Farges O et al. Extent of liver resection influences the outcome in patients with cirrhosis and small hepatocellular carcinoma. Surgery 131(3), 311-317 (2002).
58. Lai EC, Fan ST, Lo CM, Chu KM, Liu CL. Anterior approach for difficult major right hepatectomy. World J. Surg. 20(3), 314-317 (1996).
59. Liu CL, Fan ST, Lo CM, Tung-Ping Poon R, Wong J. Anterior approach for major right hepatic resection for large hepatocellular carcinoma. Ann. Surg. 232(1), 25-31 (2000).
60. Belghiti J, Guevara OA, Noun R, Saldinger PF, Kianmanesh R. Liver hanging maneuver: a safe approach to right hepatectomy without liver mobilization. J. Am. Coll. Surg. 193(1), 109-111 (2001).
61. Wei AC, Tung-Ping Poon R, Fan ST, Wong J. Risk factors for preoperative morbidity and mortality after extended hepatectomy for hepatocellular carcinoma. Br. J. Surg. 90(1), 33-41 (2003).
62. Jarnagin WR, Gonen M, Fong Y et al. Improvement in preoperative outcome after hepatic resection: analysis of 1,803 consecutive cases over the past decade. Ann. Surg. 236(4), 397-406 (2002).
63. Man K, Fan ST, Ng IO et al. Prospective evaluation of Pringle maneuver in hepatectomy for liver tumors by a randomized study. Ann. Surg. 226(6), 704-711 (1997).
64. Belghiti J, Noun R, Malafosse R et al. Continuous versus intermittent portal triad clamping for liver resection: a controlled study. Ann. Surg. 229(3), 369-375 (1999).
65. Sakamoto Y, Makuuchi M, Takayama T, Minagawa M, Kita Y. Pringle's maneuver lasting 322 min. Hepatogastroenterology 46(25), 457-458 (1999).
66. Johnson M, Mannar R, Wu AV. Correlation between blood loss and inferior vena caval pressure during liver resection. Br. J. Surg. 85(2), 188-190 (1998).
67. Aloia TA, Zorzi D, Abdalla EK, Vauthey JN. Two-surgeon technique for hepatic parenchymal transection of the noncirrhotic liver using saline-linked cautery and ultrasonic dissection. Ann. Surg. 242(2), 172-177 (2005).
68. Bilimoria MM, Lauwers GY, Doherty DA et al. Underlying liver disease, not tumor factors, predicts long-term survival after resection of hepatocellular carcinoma. Arch. Surg. 136(5), 528-535 (2001).
69. Okuda K, Ohtsuki T, Obata H et al. Natural history of hepatocellular carcinoma and prognosis in relation to treatment. Study of 850 patients. Cancer 56(4), 918-928 (1985).
70. A new prognostic system for hepatocellular carcinoma: a retrospective study of 435 patients: the Cancer of the Liver Italian Program (CLIP) investigators. Hepatology 280, 751-755 (1998).
71. Prospective validation of the CLIP score: a new prognostic system for patients with cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma. The Cancer of the Liver Italian Program (CLIP) Investigators. Hepatology 31(4), 840-845 (2000).
72. Ueno S, Tanabe G, Sako K et al. Discrimination value of the new western prognostic system (CLIP score) for hepatocellular carcinoma in 662 Japanese patients. Cancer of the Liver Italian Program. Hepatology 34(3), 529-534 (2001).
73. Kudo M, Chung H, Osaki Y. Prognostic staging system for hepatocellular carcinoma (CLIP score): its value and limitations, and a proposal for a new staging system, the Japan Integrated Staging score (JIS score). J. Gastroenterol. 38(3), 207-215 (2003).
74. Llovet JM, Bru C, Bruix J. Prognosis of hepatocellular carcinoma: the BCLC staging classification. Semin. Liver Dis. 19(3), 329-338 (1999).
75. Leung TW, Tang AM, Zee B et al. Construction of the Chinese University Prognostic Index for hepatocellular carcinoma and comparison with the TNM staging system, the Okuda staging system, and the Cancer of the Liver Italian Program staging system: a study based on 926 patients. Cancer 94(6), 1760-1769 (2002).
76. Chevret S, Trinchet JC, Mathieu D et al. A new prognostic classification for predicting survival in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma. Groupe d'Etude et de Traitement du Carcinome Hepatocellulaire. J. Hepatol. 31(1), 133-141 (1999).
77. Vauthey JN, Lauwers GY, Esnaola NF et al. Simplified staging for hepatocellular carcinoma. J. Clin. Oncol. 20(6), 1527-1536 (2002).
78. Esnaola NF, Lauwers GY, Mirza NQ et al. Predictors of microvascular invasion in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma who are candidates for orthotopic liver transplantation. J. Gastrointest. Surg. 6(2), 224-232 (2002).
79. Pawlik TM, Delman KA, Vauthey JN et al. Tumor size predicts vascular invasion and histologic grade: implications for selection of surgical treatment for hepatocellular carcinoma. Liver Transpl. 11(9), 1086-1092 (2005).
80. Ishak K, Baptista A, Bianchi L et al. Histological grading and staging of chronic hepatitis. J. Hepatol. 22(6), 696-699 (1995).