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Volumn 45, Issue 15, 2006, Pages 2419-2423

A flexible strategy for the synthesis of tri- and tetracyclic lupin alkaloids: Synthesis of (+)-cytisine, (±)-anagyrine, and (±)-thermopsine

Author keywords

Alkaloids; Cyclization; Natural products; Nucleophilic addition; Synthetic methods

Indexed keywords

ALKALOIDS; CYCLIZATION; NATURAL PRODUCTS; NUCLEOPHILIC ADDITION; SYNTHETIC METHODS;

EID: 33746279633     PISSN: 14337851     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1002/anie.200504015     Document Type: Article
Times cited : (74)

References (69)
  • 1
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    • Eds: R. H. F. Manske, H. L. Holmes, Academic Press, New York
    • N. J. Leonard in The Alkaloids, Vol. 3 (Eds: R. H. F. Manske, H. L. Holmes), Academic Press, New York, 1953, p. 120;
    • (1953) The Alkaloids , vol.3 , pp. 120
    • Leonard, N.J.1
  • 30
    • 33746287109 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • note
    • b)We have already examined the feasibility of extrapolating this first-generation synthetic approach to thermopsine (4). However, problems were encountered in both the N-alkylation of 6-bromo-2-pyridone using bromide 20 to establish the N1-C10 linkage: O-alkylation predominated. This result provided the motivation to find more straightforward solutions to the formation of the N1-C10 and C6-C7 bonds.
  • 32
    • 84962467357 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Felluga et al. reported the enzymatic resolution of a series of N-substituted pyrrolidinone analogues of 5: F. Felluga, G. Pitacco, M. Prodan, S. Pricl, M. Visintin, E. Valentin, Tetrahedron: Asymmetry 2001, 12, 3241. The enantiomeric excess of ester (5R)-5 was determined by chiral HPLC (Chiralcel OJ column) using racemic 5 as a standard. The enantiomeric excess of acid (5S)-6 was determined by its conversion into ester (5S)-5 using HCl in MeOH. We have observed the same sense of asymmetric differentiation, that is, selective hydrolysis of (5S)-5 to (5S)-6, as seen by Felluga et al. in the five-membered lactam series.
    • (2001) Tetrahedron: Asymmetry , vol.12 , pp. 3241
    • Felluga, F.1    Pitacco, G.2    Prodan, M.3    Pricl, S.4    Visintin, M.5    Valentin, E.6
  • 33
    • 35348862141 scopus 로고
    • For rare examples of intermolecular 1,6-additions of alkyl lithium derivatives to 2-pyridones that lack additional activating (electron- withdrawing) substituents, see: a) P. Meghani, J. A. Joule, J. Chem. Soc. Perkin Trans. 1 1988, 1;
    • (1988) J. Chem. Soc. Perkin Trans. 1 , pp. 1
    • Meghani, P.1    Joule, J.A.2
  • 35
    • 37049084933 scopus 로고
    • an interesting photochemical 1,6-addition to 2-pyridone has been suggested to involve electron transfer and radical coupling; see: N. Sakurai, S. Ohmiya, J. Chem. Soc. Chem. Commun. 1993, 297.
    • (1993) J. Chem. Soc. Chem. Commun. , pp. 297
    • Sakurai, N.1    Ohmiya, S.2
  • 36
    • 33746322669 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • note
    • ax (4.8 %).
  • 40
    • 0025913720 scopus 로고
    • The crystal structure reported supposedly for anagyrine (A. U. Rahman, A. Pervin, M. I. Choudhary, N. Hasan, B. Sener, J. Nat. Prod. 1991, 54, 929) corresponds, in fact, to thermopsine, and this has been the subject of a query note placed on the file in the Cambridge Crystallographic Data Centre. The authors of the original paper, however, have not commented on this apparent error. There has been some dispute over the stereochemical assignments of anagyrine and thermopsine;
    • (1991) J. Nat. Prod. , vol.54 , pp. 929
    • Rahman, A.U.1    Pervin, A.2    Choudhary, M.I.3    Hasan, N.4    Sener, B.5
  • 43
    • 84989135172 scopus 로고
    • This problem has since been resolved and the original assignments confirmed: c) D. J. Robins, D. S. Rycroft, Magn. Reson. Chem. 1992, 30, 1125;
    • (1992) Magn. Reson. Chem. , vol.30 , pp. 1125
    • Robins, D.J.1    Rycroft, D.S.2
  • 57
    • 0000373985 scopus 로고
    • [7b] This reaction used an N-α-methylbenzyl moiety to induce a very modest level of diastereoselectivity in a cyclization reaction leading to the piperidine ring. For a related alkylative cyclization strategy also based on N-α- methylbenzyl as a chiral-directing group that generates a very similar intermediate to that used by O'Brien and co-workers, see: D. N. A. Fox, D. Lathbury, M. F. Mahon, K. C. Molloy, T. Gallagher, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1991, 113, 2652.
    • (1991) J. Am. Chem. Soc. , vol.113 , pp. 2652
    • Fox, D.N.A.1    Lathbury, D.2    Mahon, M.F.3    Molloy, K.C.4    Gallagher, T.5
  • 58
    • 33746296118 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • note
    • ax, although the latter enhancement could not be quantified.
  • 59
    • 33746321214 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • note
    • [15d] displaying the resonances for C7-C15 for these two isomers is quite distinct, and full details are available in the Supporting Information.
  • 64
    • 0004150157 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • University of Göttingen, Germany
    • the structure was solved and refined by standard techniques (G. M. Sheldrick, SHELXS-97, University of Göttingen, Germany, 1990;
    • (1990) SHELXS-97
    • Sheldrick, G.M.1
  • 65
    • 0004150157 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • University of Göttingen, Germany
    • G. M. Sheldrick, SHELXL-97, University of Göttingen, Germany, 1997);
    • (1997) SHELXL-97
    • Sheldrick, G.M.1
  • 66
    • 33746269327 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • 2 = 0.0994 (for all 3787 unique reflections). CCDC 289282 contains the supplementary crystallographic data for this paper. These data can be obtained free of charge from the Cambridge Crystallographic Data Centre via www.ccdc.cam.ac.uk/datarequest/cif.
  • 67
    • 33746291761 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • note
    • ax (3.2 %).
  • 68
    • 33746307467 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • note
    • 2Me substituent at C1 to be orientated in a pseudoequatorial environment, and, significantly, the cyclization of 21 (derived from 19 and which leads to thermopsine) is the least efficient of those we have examined to date. However, at this time, the factors that moderate the efficiency and scope of this reaction have not yet been defined, and the processes reported here remain unoptimized.
  • 69
    • 33746292055 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • note
    • i = 3.0 ± 0.65 nM for (-)-cytisine. This low level of activity could also be attributed to a small (ca. 0.4 %) level of contamination by (-)-cytisine as a consequence of the kinetic resolution step involved. We thank Professor Susan Wonnacott and Neal Innocent (University of Bath) for this determination.


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.