메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn 19, Issue 4, 2006, Pages 323-328

Dialysis-related carnitine disorder

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

CARNITINE;

EID: 33746237574     PISSN: 08940959     EISSN: 1525139X     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1111/j.1525-139X.2006.00180.x     Document Type: Review
Times cited : (48)

References (71)
  • 1
    • 0021024932 scopus 로고
    • Carnitine - Metabolism and functions
    • Bremer J: Carnitine - metabolism and functions. Physiol Rev 63:1420-1480, 1983
    • (1983) Physiol Rev , vol.63 , pp. 1420-1480
    • Bremer, J.1
  • 2
    • 0022464411 scopus 로고
    • Carnitine metabolism and function in humans
    • Rebouche CJ, Paulson DJ: Carnitine metabolism and function in humans. Ann Rev Nutr 6:41-66, 1986
    • (1986) Ann Rev Nutr , vol.6 , pp. 41-66
    • Rebouche, C.J.1    Paulson, D.J.2
  • 3
    • 0031816464 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Carnitine metabolism and its regulation in microorganisms and mammals
    • Rebouche CJ, Seim H: Carnitine metabolism and its regulation in microorganisms and mammals. Ann Rev Nutr 18:39-61, 1998
    • (1998) Ann Rev Nutr , vol.18 , pp. 39-61
    • Rebouche, C.J.1    Seim, H.2
  • 4
    • 0037379698 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Dialysis-related carnitine disorder and levocarnitine pharmacology
    • Evans A: Dialysis-related carnitine disorder and levocarnitine pharmacology. Am J Kidney Dis 41(suppl 4):S13-S26, 2003
    • (2003) Am J Kidney Dis , vol.41 , Issue.4 SUPPL.
    • Evans, A.1
  • 7
    • 0037385059 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The role of carnitine in normal and altered fatty acid metabolism
    • Hoppel C: The role of carnitine in normal and altered fatty acid metabolism. Am J Kidney Dis 41(suppl 4):S4-S12, 2003
    • (2003) Am J Kidney Dis , vol.41 , Issue.4 SUPPL.
    • Hoppel, C.1
  • 8
    • 0018406126 scopus 로고
    • Enhancement of mitochondrial carnitine and carnitine acylcarnitine translocase-mediated transport of fatty acids into liver mitochondria under ketotic conditions
    • Parvin R, Pande SV: Enhancement of mitochondrial carnitine and carnitine acylcarnitine translocase-mediated transport of fatty acids into liver mitochondria under ketotic conditions. J Biol Chern 254:5423-5429, 1979
    • (1979) J Biol Chern , vol.254 , pp. 5423-5429
    • Parvin, R.1    Pande, S.V.2
  • 9
    • 0034466662 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Selective modulation of carnitine long-chain acyltransferase activities. Kinetics, inhibitors, and active sites of COT and CPT-II
    • Ramsay RR, Gandour RD: Selective modulation of carnitine long-chain acyltransferase activities. Kinetics, inhibitors, and active sites of COT and CPT-II. Adv Exp Med Biol 466:103-109, 1999
    • (1999) Adv Exp Med Biol , vol.466 , pp. 103-109
    • Ramsay, R.R.1    Gandour, R.D.2
  • 10
    • 0022972428 scopus 로고
    • Quantitation of the efflux of acylcarnitines from rat heart, brain, and liver mitochondria
    • Lysiak W, Toth PP, Suelter CH, Bieber LL: Quantitation of the efflux of acylcarnitines from rat heart, brain, and liver mitochondria. J Biol Chem 261:13698-13703, 1986
    • (1986) J Biol Chem , vol.261 , pp. 13698-13703
    • Lysiak, W.1    Toth, P.P.2    Suelter, C.H.3    Bieber, L.L.4
  • 11
    • 0023856860 scopus 로고
    • Quantitation of the effect of L-carnitine on the levels of acid-soluble short-chain acyl-CoA and CoASH in rat heart and liver mitochondria
    • Lysiak W, Lilly K, Di Lisa F, Toth PP, Bieber LL: Quantitation of the effect of L-carnitine on the levels of acid-soluble short-chain acyl-CoA and CoASH in rat heart and liver mitochondria. J Biol Chem 263:1151-1156, 1988
    • (1988) J Biol Chem , vol.263 , pp. 1151-1156
    • Lysiak, W.1    Lilly, K.2    Di Lisa, F.3    Toth, P.P.4    Bieber, L.L.5
  • 12
    • 0023711145 scopus 로고
    • Uptake, metabolism and release of carnitine and acylcarnitines in the perfused rat liver
    • Hokland BM: Uptake, metabolism and release of carnitine and acylcarnitines in the perfused rat liver. Biochim Biophys Acta 961:234-241, 1988
    • (1988) Biochim Biophys Acta , vol.961 , pp. 234-241
    • Hokland, B.M.1
  • 13
    • 0022404314 scopus 로고
    • Isolation and identification of alpha-methyloctanylcarnitines from human urine
    • Kerner J, Bieber LL: Isolation and identification of alpha- methyloctanylcarnitines from human urine. Prep Biochem 15:237-257, 1985
    • (1985) Prep Biochem , vol.15 , pp. 237-257
    • Kerner, J.1    Bieber, L.L.2
  • 14
    • 0025050988 scopus 로고
    • The involvement of carnitine intermediates in peroxisomal fatty acid oxidation: A study with 2-bromofatty acids
    • Buechler KF, Lowenstein JM: The involvement of carnitine intermediates in peroxisomal fatty acid oxidation: a study with 2-bromofatty acids. Arch Biochem Biophys 281:233-238, 1990
    • (1990) Arch Biochem Biophys , vol.281 , pp. 233-238
    • Buechler, K.F.1    Lowenstein, J.M.2
  • 15
    • 0022505710 scopus 로고
    • Stabilizing action of L-carnitine on energy-linked processes of mitochondria isolated from perfused rat liver
    • Branca D, Di Lisa F, Scutari G, Toninello A, Siliprandi N: Stabilizing action of L-carnitine on energy-linked processes of mitochondria isolated from perfused rat liver. Biochem Pharmacol 35:2839-2841, 1986
    • (1986) Biochem Pharmacol , vol.35 , pp. 2839-2841
    • Branca, D.1    Di Lisa, F.2    Scutari, G.3    Toninello, A.4    Siliprandi, N.5
  • 16
    • 0024313361 scopus 로고
    • Carnitine status of lactoovovegetarians and strict vegetarian adults and children
    • Lombard KA, Olson A, Nelson SE, Rebouche CJ: Carnitine status of lactoovovegetarians and strict vegetarian adults and children. Am J Clin Nutr 50:301-306, 1989
    • (1989) Am J Clin Nutr , vol.50 , pp. 301-306
    • Lombard, K.A.1    Olson, A.2    Nelson, S.E.3    Rebouche, C.J.4
  • 17
    • 0026347184 scopus 로고
    • Quantitative estimation of absorption and degradation of a carnitine supplement by human adults
    • Rebouche CJ: Quantitative estimation of absorption and degradation of a carnitine supplement by human adults. Metabolism 40:1305-1310, 1991
    • (1991) Metabolism , vol.40 , pp. 1305-1310
    • Rebouche, C.J.1
  • 18
    • 0032493741 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Molecular and functional identification of sodium ion-dependent, high-affinity human carnitine transporter OCTN2
    • Tamai I, Ohashi R, Nezu J, Yabuuchi H, Oku A, Shimane M, Sai Y, Tsuji A: Molecular and functional identification of sodium ion-dependent, high-affinity human carnitine transporter OCTN2. J Biol Chem 273:20378-20382, 1998
    • (1998) J Biol Chem , vol.273 , pp. 20378-20382
    • Tamai, I.1    Ohashi, R.2    Nezu, J.3    Yabuuchi, H.4    Oku, A.5    Shimane, M.6    Sai, Y.7    Tsuji, A.8
  • 19
    • 0033515017 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Mutations in the organic cation/carnitine transporter OCTN2 in primary carnitine deficiency
    • Wang Y, Ye J, Ganpathy V, Longo N: Mutations in the organic cation/carnitine transporter OCTN2 in primary carnitine deficiency. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 96:2356-2360, 1999
    • (1999) Proc Natl Acad Sci USA , vol.96 , pp. 2356-2360
    • Wang, Y.1    Ye, J.2    Ganpathy, V.3    Longo, N.4
  • 20
    • 0023814882 scopus 로고
    • Pharmacokinetics of bolus intravenous and oral doses of L-carnitine in healthy subjects
    • Harper P, Elwin C, Cederblad G: Pharmacokinetics of bolus intravenous and oral doses of L-carnitine in healthy subjects. Eur J Clin Pharmacol 35:69-75, 1988
    • (1988) Eur J Clin Pharmacol , vol.35 , pp. 69-75
    • Harper, P.1    Elwin, C.2    Cederblad, G.3
  • 21
    • 0033729907 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Pharmacokinetics of propionyl-L-carnitine in humans: Evidence for saturable tubular reabsorption
    • Pace S, Longo A, Toon S, Rolan P, Evans AM: Pharmacokinetics of propionyl-L-carnitine in humans: evidence for saturable tubular reabsorption. Br J Clin Pharmacol 50:441-448, 2000
    • (2000) Br J Clin Pharmacol , vol.50 , pp. 441-448
    • Pace, S.1    Longo, A.2    Toon, S.3    Rolan, P.4    Evans, A.M.5
  • 22
    • 0022483430 scopus 로고
    • Metabolism and excretion of carnitine and acylcarnitines in the perfused rat kidney
    • Hokland BM, Bremer J: Metabolism and excretion of carnitine and acylcarnitines in the perfused rat kidney. Biochim Biophys Acta 886:223-230, 1986
    • (1986) Biochim Biophys Acta , vol.886 , pp. 223-230
    • Hokland, B.M.1    Bremer, J.2
  • 24
    • 0030925428 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Excretion and metabolism of propionyl-L-carnitine in the isolated perfused rat kidney
    • Evans AM, Mancinelli A, Longo A: Excretion and metabolism of propionyl-L-carnitine in the isolated perfused rat kidney. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 281:1071-1076, 1997
    • (1997) J Pharmacol Exp Ther , vol.281 , pp. 1071-1076
    • Evans, A.M.1    Mancinelli, A.2    Longo, A.3
  • 25
    • 0028982336 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Disposition of L-carnitine and acetyl-L-carnitine in the isolated perfused rat kidney
    • Mancinelli A, Longo A, Shanahan K, Evans AM: Disposition of L-carnitine and acetyl-L-carnitine in the isolated perfused rat kidney. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 274:1122-1128, 1997
    • (1997) J Pharmacol Exp Ther , vol.274 , pp. 1122-1128
    • Mancinelli, A.1    Longo, A.2    Shanahan, K.3    Evans, A.M.4
  • 26
    • 4644278071 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Impact of hemodialysis on endogenous plasma and muscle carnitine levels in patients with end-stage renal disease
    • Evans AM, Faull RJ, Nation RL, Prasad S, Elias T, Reuter SE, Fornasini G: Impact of hemodialysis on endogenous plasma and muscle carnitine levels in patients with end-stage renal disease. Kidney Int 66:1527-1534, 2004
    • (2004) Kidney Int , vol.66 , pp. 1527-1534
    • Evans, A.M.1    Faull, R.J.2    Nation, R.L.3    Prasad, S.4    Elias, T.5    Reuter, S.E.6    Fornasini, G.7
  • 27
    • 0019855690 scopus 로고
    • Perturbation of serum carnitine levels in human adults by chronic renal disease and dialysis therapy
    • Bartel LL, Hussey JL, Shrago E: Perturbation of serum carnitine levels in human adults by chronic renal disease and dialysis therapy. Am J Clin Nutr 34:1314-1320, 1981
    • (1981) Am J Clin Nutr , vol.34 , pp. 1314-1320
    • Bartel, L.L.1    Hussey, J.L.2    Shrago, E.3
  • 30
    • 0035345349 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • L-carnitine in dialysis patients
    • Ahmad S: L-carnitine in dialysis patients. Semin Dial 14:209-217, 2001
    • (2001) Semin Dial , vol.14 , pp. 209-217
    • Ahmad, S.1
  • 32
    • 0026653971 scopus 로고
    • Carnitine metabolism during exercise in patients on chronic hemodialysis
    • Hiatt WR, Koziol BJ, Shapiro JI, Brass EP: Carnitine metabolism during exercise in patients on chronic hemodialysis. Kidney Int 41:1613-1619, 1992
    • (1992) Kidney Int , vol.41 , pp. 1613-1619
    • Hiatt, W.R.1    Koziol, B.J.2    Shapiro, J.I.3    Brass, E.P.4
  • 35
    • 0021362187 scopus 로고
    • Kinetic compartmental analysis of carnitine metabolism in the human carnitine deficiency syndromes. Evidence for alterations in tissue carnitine transport
    • Rebouche CJ, Engel AG: Kinetic compartmental analysis of carnitine metabolism in the human carnitine deficiency syndromes. Evidence for alterations in tissue carnitine transport. J Clin Invest 73:857-867, 1984
    • (1984) J Clin Invest , vol.73 , pp. 857-867
    • Rebouche, C.J.1    Engel, A.G.2
  • 37
    • 0020352877 scopus 로고
    • Beneficial effects of L-carnitine in post dialysis syndrome
    • Casciani CU, Caruso U, Cravotto E: Beneficial effects of L-carnitine in post dialysis syndrome. Curr Ther Res Clin Exp 32:116-127, 1982
    • (1982) Curr Ther Res Clin Exp , vol.32 , pp. 116-127
    • Casciani, C.U.1    Caruso, U.2    Cravotto, E.3
  • 40
    • 0019962929 scopus 로고
    • Use of D,L- And L-carnitine in uremic patients on intermittent haemodialysis
    • Mioli V, Tarchini R, Boggi R: Use of D,L- and L-carnitine in uremic patients on intermittent haemodialysis. Int J Clin Pharmacol Res 2:143-148, 1982
    • (1982) Int J Clin Pharmacol Res , vol.2 , pp. 143-148
    • Mioli, V.1    Tarchini, R.2    Boggi, R.3
  • 42
    • 0025962026 scopus 로고
    • Evaluation of the effect of intravenous L-carnitine therapy on function, structure and fatty acid metabolism of skeletal muscle in patients receiving chronic hemodialysis
    • Siami G, Clinton ME, Mrak R, Griffis J, Stone W: Evaluation of the effect of intravenous L-carnitine therapy on function, structure and fatty acid metabolism of skeletal muscle in patients receiving chronic hemodialysis. Nephron 57:306-313, 1991
    • (1991) Nephron , vol.57 , pp. 306-313
    • Siami, G.1    Clinton, M.E.2    Mrak, R.3    Griffis, J.4    Stone, W.5
  • 44
    • 0029922109 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Correlation between serum carnitine levels and erythrocyte osmotic fragility in hemodialysis patients
    • Matsumura M, Hatakeyamma S, Koni I, Mabuchi H, Muramoto H: Correlation between serum carnitine levels and erythrocyte osmotic fragility in hemodialysis patients. Nephron 72:574-578, 1996
    • (1996) Nephron , vol.72 , pp. 574-578
    • Matsumura, M.1    Hatakeyamma, S.2    Koni, I.3    Mabuchi, H.4    Muramoto, H.5
  • 45
    • 0034012112 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effect of L-carnitine supplementation on red blood cell deformability in hemodialysis patients
    • Nikolaos S, George A, Telemachos T, Maria S, Yannis M, Konstantinos M: Effect of L-carnitine supplementation on red blood cell deformability in hemodialysis patients. Ren Fail 22:73-80, 2000
    • (2000) Ren Fail , vol.22 , pp. 73-80
    • Nikolaos, S.1    George, A.2    Telemachos, T.3    Maria, S.4    Yannis, M.5    Konstantinos, M.6
  • 46
    • 0027953745 scopus 로고
    • Low dose of L-carnitine improves membrane fragility of erythrocytes in hemodialysis patients
    • Berard E, Barrillon D, Iordache A, Bayle J, Cassuto-Viguier E: Low dose of L-carnitine improves membrane fragility of erythrocytes in hemodialysis patients [letter]. Nephron 68:145, 1994
    • (1994) Nephron , vol.68 , pp. 145
    • Berard, E.1    Barrillon, D.2    Iordache, A.3    Bayle, J.4    Cassuto-Viguier, E.5
  • 47
  • 48
    • 0001630397 scopus 로고
    • Long term L-carnitine treatment of chronic anaemia of patients with end stage renal failure
    • Trovato GM, Ginardi V, Di Marco V, Dell'Aira AE, Corsi M: Long term L-carnitine treatment of chronic anaemia of patients with end stage renal failure. Curr Ther Res 31:1042-1049, 1982
    • (1982) Curr Ther Res , vol.31 , pp. 1042-1049
    • Trovato, G.M.1    Ginardi, V.2    Di Marco, V.3    Dell'Aira, A.E.4    Corsi, M.5
  • 49
    • 0021929176 scopus 로고
    • Plasma lipoproteins, liver function and glucose metabolism in haemodialysis patients: Lack of effect of L-carnitine supplementation
    • Nilsson-Ehle P, Cederblad G, Fagher B, Monti M, Thysell H: Plasma lipoproteins, liver function and glucose metabolism in haemodialysis patients: lack of effect of L-carnitine supplementation. Scand J Clin Lab Invest 45:179-184, 1985
    • (1985) Scand J Clin Lab Invest , vol.45 , pp. 179-184
    • Nilsson-Ehle, P.1    Cederblad, G.2    Fagher, B.3    Monti, M.4    Thysell, H.5
  • 50
    • 0028884316 scopus 로고
    • L-carnitine effects on anemia in hemodialyzed patients treated with erythropoietin
    • Labonia WD: L-carnitine effects on anemia in hemodialyzed patients treated with erythropoietin. Am J Kidney Dis 26:757-764, 1995
    • (1995) Am J Kidney Dis , vol.26 , pp. 757-764
    • Labonia, W.D.1
  • 51
    • 0031812347 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effects of L-carnitine on anemia in aged hemodialysis patients treated with recombinant human erythropoietin: A pilot study
    • Caruso U, Leone L, Cravotto E, Nava D: Effects of L-carnitine on anemia in aged hemodialysis patients treated with recombinant human erythropoietin: a pilot study. Dial Transplant 27:498-506, 1998
    • (1998) Dial Transplant , vol.27 , pp. 498-506
    • Caruso, U.1    Leone, L.2    Cravotto, E.3    Nava, D.4
  • 53
    • 0027016498 scopus 로고
    • Amelioration of cardiac function by L-carnitine administration in patients on hemodialysis
    • van Es A, Henny FC, Kooistra MP, Lobatto S, Scholte HR: Amelioration of cardiac function by L-carnitine administration in patients on hemodialysis. Contrib Nephrol 98:28-35, 1992
    • (1992) Contrib Nephrol , vol.98 , pp. 28-35
    • Van Es, A.1    Henny, F.C.2    Kooistra, M.P.3    Lobatto, S.4    Scholte, H.R.5
  • 57
    • 0021179247 scopus 로고
    • High dose of L-carnitine increases platelet aggregation and plasma triglyceride levels in uremic patients on hemodialysis
    • Weschler A, Aviram M, Levin M, Better OS, Brook JG: High dose of L-carnitine increases platelet aggregation and plasma triglyceride levels in uremic patients on hemodialysis. Nephron 38:120-124, 1984
    • (1984) Nephron , vol.38 , pp. 120-124
    • Weschler, A.1    Aviram, M.2    Levin, M.3    Better, O.S.4    Brook, J.G.5
  • 59
    • 0036192012 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effects of L-carnitine supplementation in maintenance hemodialysis patients: A systematic review
    • Hurot JM, Cucherat M, Haugh M, Fougue D: Effects of L-carnitine supplementation in maintenance hemodialysis patients: a systematic review. J Am Soc Nephrol 13:708-714, 2002
    • (2002) J Am Soc Nephrol , vol.13 , pp. 708-714
    • Hurot, J.M.1    Cucherat, M.2    Haugh, M.3    Fougue, D.4
  • 62
    • 0032920541 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Association of morbidity with markers of nutrition and inflammation in chronic hemodialysis patients: A prospective study
    • Ikizler TA, Wingard RL, Harvell J, Shyr Y, Hakim RM: Association of morbidity with markers of nutrition and inflammation in chronic hemodialysis patients: a prospective study. Kidney Int 55:1945-1951, 1999
    • (1999) Kidney Int , vol.55 , pp. 1945-1951
    • Ikizler, T.A.1    Wingard, R.L.2    Harvell, J.3    Shyr, Y.4    Hakim, R.M.5
  • 64
    • 3543140656 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Inflammation, residual kidney function, and cardiac hypertrophy are interrelated and combine adversely to enhance mortality and cardiovascular death risk of peritoneal dialysis patients
    • Wang AY, Wang M, Woo J, Lam CW, Lui SF, Li PK, Sanderson JE: Inflammation, residual kidney function, and cardiac hypertrophy are interrelated and combine adversely to enhance mortality and cardiovascular death risk of peritoneal dialysis patients. J Am Soc Nephrol 15:2186-2194, 2004
    • (2004) J Am Soc Nephrol , vol.15 , pp. 2186-2194
    • Wang, A.Y.1    Wang, M.2    Woo, J.3    Lam, C.W.4    Lui, S.F.5    Li, P.K.6    Sanderson, J.E.7
  • 65
    • 11844277591 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Role of carnitine in modulating acute-phase protein synthesis in hemodialysis patients
    • Bellinghieri G, Santoro D, Calvani M, Savica V: Role of carnitine in modulating acute-phase protein synthesis in hemodialysis patients. J Ren Nutr 15:13-17, 2005
    • (2005) J Ren Nutr , vol.15 , pp. 13-17
    • Bellinghieri, G.1    Santoro, D.2    Calvani, M.3    Savica, V.4
  • 67
    • 0026773948 scopus 로고
    • Cytokines, muscle proteolysis, and the catabolic response to infection and inflammation
    • Bistrian BR, Schwartz J, Istfan NW: Cytokines, muscle proteolysis, and the catabolic response to infection and inflammation. Proc Soc Exp Biol Med 200:220-223, 1992
    • (1992) Proc Soc Exp Biol Med , vol.200 , pp. 220-223
    • Bistrian, B.R.1    Schwartz, J.2    Istfan, N.W.3
  • 68
    • 17844408724 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Can the treatment with L-carnitine improve the inflammation in chronic hemodialysis patients?
    • Grazi G, Meriggioli M, Donati G: [Can the treatment with L-carnitine improve the inflammation in chronic hemodialysis patients?]. G Ital Nefrol 21(suppl 30):S204-S207, 2004
    • (2004) G Ital Nefrol , vol.21 , Issue.30 SUPPL.
    • Grazi, G.1    Meriggioli, M.2    Donati, G.3
  • 69
    • 0001365747 scopus 로고
    • L-carnitine in maintenance hemodialysis clinical, lipid and biochemical effects
    • Sohn HJ, Choi GB, Yoon KI: [L-carnitine in maintenance hemodialysis clinical, lipid and biochemical effects]. Kor J Nephrol 11:260, 1992
    • (1992) Kor J Nephrol , vol.11 , pp. 260
    • Sohn, H.J.1    Choi, G.B.2    Yoon, K.I.3
  • 70
    • 0035011124 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Intravenous L-carnitine increases plasma carnitine, reduces fatigue, and may preserve exercise capacity in hemodialysis patients
    • Brass EP, Adler S, Sietsema KE, Hiatt WR, Orlando AM, Amato A: Intravenous L-carnitine increases plasma carnitine, reduces fatigue, and may preserve exercise capacity in hemodialysis patients. Am J Kidney Dis 37:1018-1028, 2001
    • (2001) Am J Kidney Dis , vol.37 , pp. 1018-1028
    • Brass, E.P.1    Adler, S.2    Sietsema, K.E.3    Hiatt, W.R.4    Orlando, A.M.5    Amato, A.6


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.