The global visa regime and the political technologies of the international self: Borders, bodies, biopolitics

Alternatives

Volumn 31, Issue 2, 2006, Pages 167-189

  Salter, Mark B ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY OF OTTAWA   (Canada)

Author keywords

Biopolitics; Borders; Exception; Migration; Visas

Indexed keywords

EID: 33746170949     PISSN: 03043754     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1177/030437540603100203     Document Type: Article

References (88)

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10. For a broader consideration of the border see, Mark B. Salter, "At the Threshold of Security: A Theory of Borders," in Elia Zuriek and Salter, eds., Global Surveillance and Policing: Borders, Identity, Security (London: Willan, 2005).
11. Carl Schmitt, Political Theology: Four Chapters on the Concept of Sovereignty (Cambridge, MA: MIT Press, 1985 [1922]), p. 5.
12. Agamben, Homo Sacer, note 2, p. 16.
13. Agamben, Homo Sacer, Ibid., p. 83.
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16. See debates on cosmopolitan and flexible citizenship; for example, Andrew Linklater, "Cosmopolitan Citizenship," Citizenship Studies 2 (1998): 23-41
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23. Also, rights differ substantively between jurisdictions. See Regina v. Jacques [1996], 3 S.C.R., in which the Supreme Court of Canada held that unsubstantiated suspicion is not enough to warrant a customs search. See http://www.lexum.umontreal.ca/csc-scc/en/pub/1996/vol3/html/1996scr3_0312.html.
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75. The court's decision states: While traveling under an alias or taking an evasive path through an airport may be highly probative, neither type of evidence has the sort of ironclad significance attributed to it by the Court of Appeals, because there are instances in which neither factor would reflect ongoing criminal activity. On the other hand, the test's "probabilistic" factors also have probative significance. Paying $2,100 in cash for airline tickets from a roll of $20 bills containing nearly twice that amount is not ordinary conduct for most business travelers or vacationers. The evidence that respondent was traveling under an alias, although not conclusive, was sufficient to warrant consideration. Of similar effect is the probability that few Honolulu residents travel for 20 hours to spend 48 hours in Miami during July. Thus, although each of these factors is not by itself proof of illegal conduct and is quite consistent with innocent travel, taken together, they amount to reasonable suspicion that criminal conduct was afoot.
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