Homology, hox genes, and developmental integration1

American Zoologist

Volumn 36, Issue 1, 1996, Pages 4-13

  Müller, Gerd B ^a,b   Wagner, Günter P ^a  

^a MEDICAL UNIVERSITY OF VIENNA   (Austria)

^b YALE UNIVERSITY   (United States)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

EID: 33746138154     PISSN: 00031569     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1093/icb/36.1.4     Document Type: Article

References (58)

1. Burke, A. C., C. E. Nelson, B. A. Morgan, and C. Tabin. 1995. Hox genes and the evolution of vertebrate axial morphology. Development 121:333-346.
2. Cannatella, D. C. and R. O. d. Sd. 1993. Xenopus laevis as a model organism. Syst. Biol. 42:476507.
3. Coates, M. I. 1994. The origin of vertebrate limbs. In M. Akam, P. Holland, P. Ingham, and G. Wray, (eds.), The evolution of developmental mechanisms, pp. 169-180. The Company of Biologists Limited Cambridge.
4. Davidson, E. H. 1994. Molecular biology of embryonic development: How far have we come in the last ten years? BioEssays 16:603-615.
5. Dollé, P., A. Dierich, M. LeMeur, B. Schuhbaur, P. Chambon, and D. Duboule. 1993. Disruption of the Hoxd-I3 gene induces localized heterochrony leading to mice with neotenic limbs. Cell 75:431441.
6. Donoghue, M. J. 1992. Homology. In E. F. Keller and E. A. Lloyd (eds.), Keywords in evolutionary biology, pp. 171-179. Harvard University Press, Cambridge.
7. Edelman, G. M. 1988. Topobiology. Basic Books Inc., New York.
8. Gans, C. and R. G. Northcutt. 1983. Neural crest and the origin of vertebrates: A new head. Science 220:268-274.
9. Garcia-Fernândez, J. and P. W. H. Holland. 1994. Archetypal organization of Amphioxus Hox gene cluster. Nature 370:563-566.
10. Goodrich, E. S. 1913. Metameric segmentation and homology. Quart. J. Microsc. Sei. 59:227.
11. Halder, G., P. Callaerts, and W. J. Gehring. 1995. Induction of ectopic eyes by targeted expression of the eyeless gene in Drosophila. Science 267: 1788-1792.
12. Hall, B. K. 1986. The role of movement and tissue intereactions in the development and growth of bone and secondary cartilage in the clavice of the embryonic chick. J. Embryol. Exp. Morph. 93: 133-152.
13. Hall, B. K. (ed.) 1994. Homology. Academic Press Inc., San Diego.
14. Hall, B. K. and S. Hörstadius. 1988. The neural crest. Oxford University Press, Oxford.
15. Herring, S. W. 1993. Epigenetic and functional influences on skull growth. In J. Hanken and B. K. Hall (eds.), The skull, pp. 153-206. The University of Chicago Press, Chicago.
16. Holland, P. W. H., J. Garcia-Fernândez, L. Z. Holland, N. A. Williams, and N. D. Holland. 1994a. The molecular control of spacial patterning in Amphioxus. J. Mar. Biol. Ass. U.K. 74:49-60.
17. Holland, P. W. H., J. Garcia-Fernândez, N. A. Williams, and A. Sidow. 1994fr. Gene duplication and the origins of vertebrate development. Development (Suppl.) 125-133.
18. Hunt, P., M. Gulisano, M. Cook, M. -H. Sham, A. Faiella, D. Wilkinson, E. Boncinelli, and R. Krumlauf. 1991. A distinct Hox code for the branchial region of the vertebrate head. Nature 353:861-864.
19. Hunt, P. and R. Krumlauf. 1992. Hox codes and positional specification in vertebrate embryonic axes. Ann. Rev. Cell Biol. 8:227-256.
20. Kessel, M. and P. Grass. 1991. Homeotic transformations of murine vertebrae and concomitant alteration of Hox codes induced by retinoic acid. Cell 67:89-104.
21. Krumlauf, R. 1994. Hox genes in vertebrate development. Cell 78:191-201.
22. Larson, A. and D. B. Wake. 1987. Multidimensional analysis of an evolving lineage. Science 238:4248.
23. Maden, M. 1993. The homeotic transformation of tails into limbs in Rana lemporaria by retinoids. Devel. Biol. 159:379-391.
24. McGinnis, W. and R. Krumlauf. 1992. Homeobox genes and axial patterning. Cell 68:283-302.
25. Merrilees, M. J. and M. H. Flint. 1980. Ultrastructural study of tension and pressure zones in a rabbit flexor tendon. Am. J. Anat. 157:87-106.
26. Misof, B. Y. and G. P. Wagner. 1992. Regeneration in Salaria pavo (Blenniidae, Teleostei): Histogenesis of the regenerating pectoral fin suggests different mechanisms for morphogenesis and structural maintenance. Anat. Embryol. 186:153-165.
27. Misof, B. Y. and G. P. Wagner. 1995. Evidence for four Hox clusters in the killifish, Fundulus heteroclitus (Teleostei). Mol. Phylogen. Evol. (In press)
28. Mohanty-Hejmadi, P., S. K. Dutta, and P. Mahapatra. 1992. Limbs generated at site of tail amputation in marbeled ballon frog after vitamin A treatment. Nature 355:352-353.
29. Molven, A., C. V. E. Wright, R. Bremiller, E. M. d. Robertis, and C. B. Kimmel. 1990. Expression of a homeobox gene product in normal and mutant zebrafish embryos: evolution of the tetrapod body plan. Development 109:279-288.
30. Morriss-Kay, G., P. Murphy, R. Hill, and D. Davidson. 1991. Effects of retinoic acid on expression of Hox 2.9 and Krox 20 and on morphological segmentation in the hindbrain of mouse embryos. EMBO J. 10:2985-2996.
31. Müller, G. B. 1990. Developmental mechanisms at the origin of morphological novelty: A side-effect hypothesis. In M. H. Nitecki (ed.), Evolutionary innovations, pp. 99-130. The University of Chicago Press, Chicago.
32. Müller, G. B. and J. Streicher. 1989. Ontogeny of the syndesmosis tibiofibularis and the evolution of the bird hindlimb: A caenogenetic feature triggers phenotypic novelty. Anat. Embryol. 179:327-339.
33. Müller, G. B. and G. P. Wagner. 1991. Novelty in evolution: Restructuring the concept. Annu. Rev. Ecol. Syst. 22:229-256.
34. Newman, S. A. 1988. Lineage and pattern in the developing vertebrate limb. Trends in Genetics 4: 329-332.
35. Oster, G. F., J. D. Murray, and P. K. Maini. 1985. A model for chondrogenic condensations in the developing limb: The role of extracellular matrix and cell tractions. J. Embryol. Exp. Morph. 89: 93-112.
36. Patterson, C. 1987. Molecules and morphology in evolution: Conflict or compromise. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge.
37. Pavell, A. M. and E. J. Stellwag. 1994. Survey of //ox-like genes in the teleost Morone saxatilis: Implications for evolution of the Hox gene family. Mol. Marine Biol. Biotech. 3:149-157.
38. Quiring, R., U. Walldorf, U. Kloter, and W. J. Gehring. 1994. Homology of the eyeless gene of Drosophila to the small eye gene in mice and aniridia in humans. Science 265:785-789.
39. Riddle, R. D., R. L. Johnson, E. Laufer, and C. Tabin. 1993. Sonic hedgehog mediates the polarizing activity of the ZPA. Cell 75:1401-1416.
40. Riedl, R. 1978. Order in living organisms. Wiley, New York.
41. Roth, V. L. 1988. The biological basis of homology. In C. J. Humphries (ed.), Ontogeny and systeinatics, pp. 1-26. Columbia University Press, New York.
42. Ruddle, F. H., J. L. Bartels, K. L. Bentley, C. Kappen, M. T. Murta, and J. W. Pendelton. 1994a. Evolution of Hox genes. Annu. Rev. Genet. 28:423442.
43. Ruddle, F. H., K. L. Bentley, M. T. Murtha, and N. Risch. 19946. Gene loss and gain in the evolution of the vertebrates. Development (Suppl) 155-161.
44. Shubin, N. H. and P. Alberch. 1986. A morphogenetic approach to the origin and basic organization of the tetrapod limb. In M. K. Hecht, B. Wallace, and G. T. Prance (eds.). Evolutionary biology, pp. 319-387. Plenum Publishing Corporation, New York.
45. Smith, A. B. 1992. Echinoderm phylogeny: Morphology and molecules approach accord. TREE 7: 224-229.
46. Smith, M., A. Hickman, D. Amanze, A. Lumsden, and P. Thorogood. 1994. Trunk neural crest origin of caudal fin mesenchyme in the zebrafish Brachydanio rerio. Proc. R. Soc. Lond. B 256:137-145.
47. Spemann, H. 1938. Embryonic development and induction. Yale University Press, New Haven.
48. Sordino, P., F. v. d. Hoeven, and D. Duboule. 1995. Hox gene expression in teleost fins and the origin of vertebrate digits. Nature 375:678-681.
49. Streicher, J. and G. B. Müller. 1992. Natural and experimental reduction of the avian fibula: Developmental thresholds and evolutionary constraint. J. Morphol. 214:269-285.
50. Tabin, C. and E. Laufer. 1993. Hox genes and serial homology. Nature 361:692-693.
51. Tabin, C. J. 1989. Isolation of potential vertebrate limb-identity genes. Development 105:813-820.
52. Tabin, C. J. 1992. Why we have (only) five fingers per hand: Hox genes and the evolution of paired limbs. Development 116:289-296.
53. Thorogood, P. 1991. The development of the teleost fin and implications for our understanding of tetrapod limb evolution. In J. R. Hinchliffe, J. Hurle, and D. Summerbell (eds.), Developmental patterning of the vertebrate limb. pp. 347-354. Plenum Press, New York.
54. Wagner, G. P. 1986. The systems approach: An interface between development and population genetic aspects of evolution. In D. M. Raup and D. Jablonski (eds.), Patterns and processes in the history of life, pp. 149-165. Springer-Verlag, Berlin.
55. Wagner, G. P. 1989. The biological homology concept. Ann. Rev. Ecol. Syst. 20:51-69.
56. Wagner, G. P. 1995. The biological role of homologues: A building block hypothesis. N. Jb. Geol. Paläont. Abh. 195:279-288.
57. Wagner, G. P. 1996. Homologues, natural kinds and the evolution of modularity. Amer. Zool. 26:3643.
58. Walbot, V. and N. Horder. 1987. Developmental biology. Random House, New York.