The effects of critical team member assertiveness on team performance and satisfaction

Journal of Management

Volumn 32, Issue 4, 2006, Pages 575-594

  Pearsall, Matthew J ^a   Ellis, Aleksander P J ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY OF ARIZONA   (United States)

Author keywords

Assertiveness; Criticality; Teams; Transactive memory

Indexed keywords

EID: 33746073730     PISSN: 01492063     EISSN: 15571211     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1177/0149206306289099     Document Type: Article

References (96)

1. Anderson, C., Lindsay, J. L., & Bushman, J. 1999. Research in the psychological laboratory: Truth or triviality? Current Directions in Psychological Science, 8: 3-9.
2. Austin, J. 2003. Transactive memory in organizational groups: The effects of content, consensus, specialization, and accuracy on group performance. Journal of Applied Psychology 88: 866-878.
3. Bakan, D. 1966. The effect of significance in psychological research. Psychological Bulletin, 66: 423-437.
4. Baron, R. M., & Kenny, D. A. 1986. The mediator-moderator variable distinction in social psychological research: Conceptual, strategic, and statistical considerations. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology 51: 1173-1182.
5. Barrick, M. R., Stewart, G. L., Neubert, M. J., & Mount, M. K. 1998. Relating member ability and personality to work-team processes and team effectiveness. Journal of Applied Psychology 83: 377-391.
6. Barry, B., & Stewart, G. L. 1997. Composition, process, and performance in self-managed groups: The role of personality. Journal of Applied Psychology 82: 62-78.
7. Bentler, P. M. 1995. EQS structural equations program manual. Encino, CA: Multivariate Software.
8. Berkowitz, L., & Donnerstein, E. 1982. External validity is more than skin deep. American Psychologist 37: 245-257.
9. Bliese, P. 2000. Within-group agreement, non-independence, and reliability. In K. Klein & S. Kozlowski (Eds.), Multi-level theory, research, and methods in organizations: 349-381. San Francisco: Jossey-Bass.
10. Brass, D. J. 1981. Structural relationships, job characteristics, and worker satisfaction and performance. Administrative Science Quarterly, 26: 331-348.
11. Brass, D. J. 1984. Being in the right place: A structural analysis of individual influence in an organization. Administrative Science Quarterly, 29: 518-539.
12. Brass, D. J. 1985. Men's and women's networks: A study of interaction patterns and influence in an organization. Academy of Management Journal 28: 327-343.
13. Caplan, R. D., Vinokur, A. D., Price, R. H., & van Ryn, M. 1989. Job seeking, reemployment, and mental health: A randomized field experiment in coping with job loss. Journal of Applied Psychology, 74: 759-769.
14. Cohen, S. G., & Bailey, D. E. 1997. What makes teams work: Group effectiveness research from the shop floor to the executive suite. Journal of Management, 23: 239-290.
15. Costa, P. T., Jr., & McCrae, R. R. 1992. Revised NEO Personality Inventory NEO PI-R and NEO five factor inventory NEO-FFI professional manual: 1-65.
16. Odessa, FL: Psychological Assessment Resource. Costa, P. T., Terracciano, A., & McRae, R. R. 2001. Gender differences in personality traits across cultures: Robust and surprising findings. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 81: 322-331.
17. Costa, P. T., & Widiger, T. (Eds.). 1994. Personality disorders and the five-factor model of personality. Washington, DC: American Psychological Association.
18. Cross, S. E., & Markus, H. R. 1999. The cultural constitution of personality. In L. A. Pervin & O. P. John (Eds.), Handbook of personality: Theory and research: 378 - 396. New York: Guilford.
19. Deluga, R. J. 1988. The politics of leadership: The relationship between task-people leadership and subordinate influence. Journal of Organizational Behavior, 9: 359-366.
20. Devine, D. J., Clayton, L. D., Philips, J. L., Dunford, B. B., & Melner, S. B. 1999. Teams in organizations: Prevalence, characteristics and effectiveness. Small Group Research 30: 678-711.
21. Driskell, J. E., Hogan, R., & Salas, E. 1988. Personality and group performance. Review of Personality and Social Psychology 14: 91-112.
22. Driskell, J. E., & Salas, E. 1992. Can you study real teams in contrived settings? The value of small group research to understanding teams. In R. W. Swezey & E. Salas (Eds.), Teams: Their training and performance: 101-124. Norwood, NJ: Ablex.
23. Dudley, N. M., Orvis, K. A., Lebiecki, J. E., & Cortina, J. M. 2006. A meta-analytic investigation of conscientiousness in the prediction of job performance: Examining the intercorrelations and the incremental validity of narrow traits. Journal of Applied Psychology, 91: 40-57.
24. Efron, B., & Tibshirani, R. J. 1993. An introduction to the bootstrap. London: Chapman & Hall.
25. Ellis, A. P. J. in press. System breakdown: The role of mental models and transactive memory in the relationship between acute stress and team performance. Academy of Management Journal.
26. Ellis, A. P. J., Bell, B. S., Ployhart, R. E., Hollenbeck, D. R., & Ilgen, D. R. 2005. An evaluation of generic teamwork skills training with action teams: Effects on cognitive and skill-based outcomes. Personnel Psychology 58: 641-672.
27. Ellis, A. P. J., Hollenbeck, J. R., Ilgen, D. R., Porter, C. O. L. H., West, B. J., & Moon, H. K. 2003. Team learning: Collectively connecting the dots. Journal of Applied Psychology 88: 821-835.
28. Gladstein, D. L. 1984. Groups in context: A model of task group effectiveness. Administrative Science Quarterly, 29: 499-517.
29. Hackman, J. R. 1987. The design of work teams. In J. W. Lorsch (Ed.), Handbook of organizational behavior: 315-342. Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice Hall.
30. Hackman, J. R. 1991. Groups that work (and those that don't): Creating conditions for effective teamwork. San Francisco: Jossey-Bass.
31. Hackman, J. R., & Morris, C. G. 1978. Group process and group effectiveness: A reappraisal. In L. Berkowitz (Ed.), Group processes: 47-49. New York: Academic Press.
32. Hayes, J. 1991. Interpersonal skills: Goal-directed behavior at work. London: HarperCollins.
33. Hinsz, V. B., Tindale, R. S., & Vollrath, D. A. 1997. The emerging conceptualization of groups as information processors. Psychological Bulletin 121: 43-64.
34. Hollenbeck, J. R., Moon, H., Ellis, A. P. J., West, B. J., Ilgen, D. R., Sheppard, L., et al. 2002. Structural contingency theory and individual differences: Examination of external and internal person-team fit. Journal of Applied Psychology 87: 599-606.
35. Hollingshead, A. B. 2001. Cognitive interdependence and convergent expectations in transactive memory. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology 81: 1080-1089.
36. Holtgraves, T. 1997. Styles of language use: Individual and cultural variability in conversational indirectness. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology 73: 624-637.
37. Hough, L. M. 1992. The "Big Five" personality variables-construct confusions: Description versus prediction. Human Performance, 5: 139-155.
38. Hoyle, R. H., & Panter, A. T. 1995. Writing about structural equation models. In R. H. Hoyle (Ed.), Structural equation modeling: Concepts, issues, and applications: 158-176. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage.
39. Hu, L., & Bentler, P. M. 1995. Evaluating model fit. In R. H. Hoyle (Ed.), Structural equation modeling: Concepts, issues, and applications: 76-99. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage.
40. Humphrey, S. E., Ellis, A. P. J., Conlon, D. E., & Tinsley, C. H. 2004. Customer reactions to brokered ultimatums: Integrating negotiation and justice theory. Journal of Applied Psychology, 89: 466-482.
41. Humphrey, S. E., Hollenbeck, J. R., Ilgen, D. R., & Moon, H. 2004. The changing shape of large-scale programs of research: MSU-DDD as an illustrative example. In S. G. Schiflett, L. R. Elliott, E. Salas, & M. D. Coovert (Eds.), Scaled worlds: Development, validation and applications: 200-219. Burlington, VT: Ashgate.
42. Ilgen, D. R. 1986. Laboratory research: A question of when, not if. In E. A. Locke (Ed.), Generalizing from lab to field settings: 257-267. Lexington, MA: D. C. Heath.
43. Ilgen, D. R., Hollenbeck, J. R., Johnson, M., & Jundt, D. 2005. Teams in organizations: From I-P-O Models to IMOI models. Annual Review of Psychology, 56: 517-543.
44. Janz, B. D., Colquitt, J. A., & Noe, R. A. 1997. Knowledge worker team effectiveness: The role of autonomy, interdependence, team development, and contextual support variables. Personnel Psychology 50: 877-904.
45. Javidan, M., Dorfman, P. W., de Luque, M. S., & House, R. J. 2006. In the eye of the beholder: Cross-cultural lessons in leadership from Project GLOBE. Academy of Management Perspectives 20: 67-90.
46. Jehn, K. A., Northcraft, G. B., & Neale, M. A. 1999. Why differences make a difference: A field study of diversity, conflict, and performance in work groups. Administrative Science Quarterly 44: 741-763.
47. Jentsch, F., & Smith-Jentsch, K. A. 2001. Assertiveness and team performance: More than "Just Say No. " In E. Salas, C. Bowers, & E. Edens (Eds.), Applying resource management in organizations: A guide for training professionals: 73-94. Mahwah, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum.
48. Judge, T. A., Bono, J. E., Ilies, R., & Gerhardt, M. W. 2002. Personality and leadership: A qualitative and quantitative review. Journal of Applied Psychology 87: 765-780.
49. Klein, K. J., Bliese, P. D., Kozlowski, S. W. J., Dansereau, F., Gavin, M. B., Griffin, M. A., et al. 2000. Multi-level analytical techniques: Commonalities, differences, and continuing questions. In K. J. Klein & S. W. J. Kozlowski (Eds.), Multilevel theory, research, and methods in organizations: 512-556. San Francisco: Jossey-Bass.
50. Klein, K. J., Lim, B., Saltz, J. L., & Mayer, D. M. 2004. How do they get there? An examination of the antecedents of centrality in team networks. Academy of Management Journal, 47: 952-963.
51. Klimoski, R., & Jones, R. G. 1995. Staffing for effective group decision making: Key issues in matching people and teams. In R. A. Guzzo & E. Salas (Eds.), Team effectiveness and decision making in organizations: 291-332. San Francisco: Jossey-Bass.
52. Korsgaard, M. A., Roberson, L., & Rymph, R. D. 1998. What motivates fairness? The role of subordinate assertive behavior on managers' interactional fairness. Jsournal of Applied Psychology, 83: 731-744.
53. Kozlowski, S. J. W., & Bell, B. S. 2003. Work groups and teams in organizations. In W. C. Borman, D. R. Ilgen, & R. Klimoski (Eds.), Handbook of psychology (Vol. 12): Industrial and organizational psychology: 333-376. New York: John Wiley.
54. LePine, J. A. 2003. Team adaptation and post-change performance: Effects of team composition in terms of members' cognitive ability and personality. Journal of Applied Psychology 88: 27-39.
55. LePine, J. A., Hollenbeck, J. R., & Ilgen, D. R. 1997. Effects of individual differences on the performance of hierarchical decision-making groups: Much more than g. Journal of Applied Psychology 82: 803-811.
56. Lewis, K. 2003. Measuring transactive memory systems in the field: Scale development and validation. Journal of Applied Psychology 88: 587-604.
57. Lewis, K. 2004. Knowledge and performance in knowledge-worker teams: A longitudinal study of transactive memory systems. Management Science, 11: 1519-1533.
58. Liang, D. W., Moreland, R. L., & Argote, L. 1995. Group versus individual training and group performance: The mediating role of transactive memory. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin 21: 384-393.
59. Lim, B., & Ployhart, R. E. 2004. Transformational leadership: Relations to the five-factor model and team performance in typical and maximum contexts. Journal of Applied Psychology, 89: 610-621.
60. Marks, M. A., Zaccaro, S. J., & Mathieu, J. E. 2000. Performance implications of leader briefings and teaminteraction training for team adaptation to novel environments. Journal of Applied Psychology 85: 971-986.
61. Mathieu, J. E., Gilson, L. L., & Ruddy, T. M. 2006. Empowerment and team effectiveness: An empirical test of an integrated model. Journal of Applied Psychology, 91: 97-108.
62. McGrath, J. E. 1984. Groups: Interaction and performance. Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice Hall.
63. Mehra, A., Kilduff, M., & Brass, D. J. 2001. The social network of high and low self-monitors: Implications for workplace performance. Administrative Science Quarterly, 46: 121-146.
64. Milanovich, D. M., Driskell, J. E., Stout, R. J., & Salas, E. 1998. Status and cockpit dynamics: A review and empirical study. Group Dynamics, 2: 155-167.
65. Miller, D. L., Young, P., Kleinman, D., & Serfaty, D. 1998. Distributed Dynamic Decision-making Simulation Phase I: Release notes and user's manual. Woburn, MA: Aptima.
66. Moon, H. 2001. The two faces of conscientiousness: Duty and achievement striving in escalation of commitment dilemmas. Journal of Applied Psychology, 86: 533-540.
67. Moreland, R. L., Argote, L., & Krishnan, R. 1996. Socially shared cognition at work: Transactive memory and group performance. In J. L. Nye & A. M. Brower (Eds.), What's social about social cognition? Research on socially shared cognition in small groups: 57-84. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage.
68. Moreland, R. L., & Myaskovsky, L. 2000. Exploring the performance benefits of group training: Transactive memory or improved communication? Organizational Behavior and Human Decision Processes 82: 117-133.
69. Mount, M. K., Barrick, M. R., Scullen, S. M., & Rounds, J. 2005. Higher-order dimensions of the Big Five personality traits and the Big Six vocational interest types. Personnel Psychology 58: 447-478.
70. Neuman, G. A., & Wright, J. 1999. Team effectiveness: Beyond skills and cognitive ability. Journal of Applied Psychology 84: 376-389.
71. Oser, R. L., McCallum, G. A., Salas, E., & Morgan, B. B., Jr. 1989. Toward a definition of teamwork: An analysis of critical team behavior (NTSC Technical Rep. No. 89-004). Orlando, FL: Naval Training Systems Center.
72. Phillips, J. M., Douthitt, E. A., & Hyland, M. M. 2001. The role of justice in team member satisfaction with the leader and attachment to the team. Journal of Applied Psychology, 86: 316-325.
73. Prince, C., & Salas, E. 1993. Training and research for teamwork in the military aircrew. In E. L. Weiner, B. G. Kanki, & R. L. Helmreich (Eds.), Cockpit resource management: 337 - 366. Orlando, FL: Academic Press.
74. Rathus, S. A. 1973. A 30-item schedule for assessing assertive behavior. Behavior Therapy 4: 398-406.
75. Reagans, R., Zuckerman, E., & McEvily, B. 2004. How to make the team: Social networks vs. demography as criteria for designing effective teams. Administrative Science Quarterly 49: 101-133.
76. Roberson, Q. M., & Colquitt, J. A. 2005. Shared and configural justice: A social network model of justice in teams. Academy of Management Review, 30: 595-607.
77. Saavedra, R., Earley, P. C., & Van Dyne, L. 1993. Complex interdependence in task performing groups. Journal of Applied Psychology 78: 61-72.
78. Salas, E., Dickinson, T., Converse, S. A., & Tannenbaum, S. I. 1992. Toward an understanding of team performance and training. In R.W. Swezey & E. Salas (Eds.), Teams: Their training and performance: 3-29. Norwood, NJ: Ablex.
79. Schneider, B., & Schmitt, N. 1976. Staffing organizations (2nd ed.). Glenview, IL: Scott, Foresman.
80. Schneider, R. J., Hough, L. M., & Dunnette, M. D. 1996. Broadsided by broad traits: How to sink science in five dimensions or less. Journal of Organizational Behavior, 17: 639-655.
81. Seashore, S. E., Lawler, E. E., Mirvis, P., & Camman, C. (Eds.). 1982. Observing and measuring organizational change: A guide to field practice. New York: John Wiley.
82. Shrout, P. E., & Bolger, N. 2002. Mediation in experimental and non-experimental studies: New procedures and recommendations. Psychological Methods, 7: 422-445.
83. Smith-Jentsch, K. A., Salas, E., & Baker, D. P. 1996. Training team performance-related assertiveness. Personnel Psychology 49: 909-936.
84. Smith-Jentsch, K. A., Salas, E., & Brannick, M. T. 2001. To transfer or not to transfer? Investigating the combined effects of trainee characteristics, team leader support, and team climate. Journal of Applied Psychology, 86: 279-292.
85. Sparrowe, R. T., Liden, R. C., Wayne, S. J., & Kraimer, M. L. 2001. Social networks and the performance of individuals and groups. Academy of Management Journal 44: 316-325.
86. Steiner, I. D. 1972. Group process and productivity. New York: Academic Press.
87. Sundstrom, E. 1999. Supporting work team effectiveness. San Francisco: Jossey-Bass.
88. Swann, W. B., & Rentfrow, P. J. 2001. Blirtatiousness: Cognitive, behavioral and physiological consequences of rapid responding. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology 81: 1160-1175.
89. Tierney, P., & Farmer, S. M. 2004. An application of the Pygmalion process to subordinate creativity. Journal of Management, 30: 413-432.
90. Twenge, J. M. 2001. Changes in women's assertiveness in response to status and roles: A cross-temporal metaanalysis, 1931-1993. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology 81: 133-145.
91. Van Der Vegt, G. S., Emans, B. J. M., & Van De Vliert, E. 2000. Team members' affective responses to patterns of intragroup interdependence and job complexity. Journal of Management, 26: 633-655.
92. Van Der Vegt, G. S., Emans, B. J. M., & Van De Vliert, E. 2001. Patterns of interdependence in work teams: A two-level investigation of the relations with job and team satisfaction. Personnel Psychology 54: 51-69.
93. Wageman, R., & Baker, G. 1997. Incentives and cooperation: The joint effects of task and reward interdependence on group performance. Journal of Organizational Behavior, 18: 139-158.
94. Wegner, D. M. 1987. Transactive memory: A contemporary analysis of the group mind. In B. Mullen & G. R. Goethals (Eds.), Theories of group behavior: 185-208. New York: Springer-Verlag.
95. Williams, W. M., & Sternberg, R. J. 1988. Group intelligence: Why some groups are better than others. Intelligence, 12: 351-377.
96. Wolpe, J., & Lazarus, A. A. 1966. Behavior therapy techniques. New York: Pergamon.