Social support among afro-trinidadian women experiencing intimate partner violence

Violence Against Women

Volumn 12, Issue 8, 2006, Pages 740-760

  Hadeed, Linda F ^a   El Bassel, Nabila ^b  

^a UNIVERSITY OF THE WEST INDIES   (Trinidad and Tobago)

^b Och Spine at New York Presbyterian Hospitals   (United States)

Author keywords

Domestic violence; Social support; Trinidad

Indexed keywords

ADULT; AGGRESSION; ARTICLE; BATTERED WOMAN; FEMALE; FRIEND; HUMAN; MIDDLE AGED; PARTNER VIOLENCE; PERSUASIVE COMMUNICATION; PSYCHOLOGICAL ASPECT; QUESTIONNAIRE; SEXUALITY; SOCIAL SUPPORT; SPOUSE; TRINIDAD AND TOBAGO; VERBAL COMMUNICATION; WOMEN'S HEALTH;

ADULT; AGGRESSION; BATTERED WOMEN; COERCION; FEMALE; FRIENDS; HUMANS; MIDDLE AGED; NARRATION; QUESTIONNAIRES; SEXUAL PARTNERS; SOCIAL SUPPORT; SPOUSE ABUSE; SPOUSES; TRINIDAD AND TOBAGO; WOMEN'S HEALTH;

EID: 33746071581     PISSN: 10778012     EISSN: 15528448     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1177/1077801206291562     Document Type: Article

References (51)

1. Babb, C. (1997). Taking action against violence: A case study in Trinidad and Tobago. In A. M. Brasileiro (Ed.), Women against violence: Breaking the silence (pp. 100-114). New York: UNIFEM.
2. Barnett, O. W. (2001). Why battered women do not leave, part 2: External inhibiting factors - social support and internal inhibiting factors. Trauma Violence & Abuse, 2, 3-35.
3. Barrera, M. (1981). Social support in the adjustment of pregnant adolescents: Assessment issues. In B. Gotlied (Ed.), Social networks and social support (pp. 69-96). Beverly Hills, CA: Sage.
4. Boyatzis, R. (1998). Transforming qualitative data: Thematic analysis and code development. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage.
5. Buvinic, M., Morrison, A., & Shifter, M. (1999). Violence in Latin America and the Caribbean: A framework for action. Washington, DC: Sustainable Development Department, Inter-American Development Bank.
6. Bybee, D. I., & Sullivan, C. M. (2002). The process through which an advocacy intervention resulted in positive change for battered women over time. American Journal of Community Psychology, 30, 1-20.
7. Caplan, G. (1974). Social support and community mental health. New York: Basic Books.
8. Caralis, P. V., & Musialowski, R. (1997). Women's experiences with domestic violence and their attitudes and expectations regarding medical care of abuse victims. Southern Medical Journal, 90, 1075-1080.
9. Clarke, R. (1995). Violence against women: The usefulness of the human rights discourse. Jamaica: UNIFEM.
10. Clarke, R. (1997). Combating violence against women in the Caribbean. In A. M. Brasileiro (Ed.), Women against violence: Breaking the silence (pp. 51-62). New York: UNIFEM.
11. Cobb, S. (1976). Social support as a moderator of life stress. Psychosomatic Medicine, 38, 300-314.
12. Cohen, C. I., & Sokolovsky, J. (1978). Schizophrenia and social networks: Ex-patients in the inner-city. Schizophrenia Bulletin, 4, 546-560.
13. Cohen, S., & Wills, T. (1985). Stress, social support, and the buffering hypothesis. Psychological Medicine, 12, 329-339.
14. Creque, M. (1995). A study of the incidence of domestic violence in Trinidad and Tobago from 1991 to 1993. Port of Spain, Trinidad and Tobago: Shelter for Battered Women and Trinidad and Tobago Coalition Against Domestic Violence.
15. Davis, L. V., & Srinivasan, M. (1995). Listening to the voices of battered women: What helps them escape violence. Affilia, 10, 49-69.
16. Dobash, R. E., & Dobash, R. (1998). Rethinking violence against women. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage.
17. Dobash, R. E., Dobash, R. P., & Cavanaugh, K. (1985). The contact between battered women and social and medical and social agencies. In J. Pahl (Ed.), Private violence and public policy: The needs of battered women and the response of the public services (pp. 142-165). London: Routledge & Kegan Paul.
18. Edwards, S. M. (1989). Policing "domestic violence": Women, the law, and the state. London: Sage.
19. El-Bassel, N., Gilbert, L., Rajah, V., Foleno, A., & Frye, V. (2001). Social support among women in methadone treatment who experience partner violence: Isolation and male controlling behavior. Violence Against Women, 7, 246-274.
20. Epstein, D. (1999). Effective intervention in domestic violence cases: Rethinking the roles of prosecutors, judges and the court system. Yale Journal of Law and Feminism, 11, 3-50.
21. Ffolkes, S. (1997). Violence against women: Some legal responses. In B. B. E. Leo-Rhynie & C. Barrow (Ed.), Gender: A multi-disciplinary perspective (pp. 118-127). Kingston, Jamaica: Ian Randle.
22. Fischer, K., & Rose, M. (1995). When "enough is enough": Battered women's decision making around court orders of protection. Crime & Delinquency, 41, 414-429.
23. Gondolf, E. W., Fisher, E., & McFerron, J. R. (1988). Racial differences among shelter residents: A comparison of Anglo, Black and Hispanic battered women. Journal of Family Violence, 3, 39-51.
24. House, J. (1981). Work, stress and social support. Reading, MA: Addison-Wesley.
25. Kessler, R. C., & McLeod, J. D. (1985). Social support and mental health in community samples. In S. C. S. Sykme (Ed.), Social support and health (pp. 219-240). San Diego, CA: Academic Press.
26. Lazarus-Black, M. (2001). Law and the pragmatics of inclusion: Governing domestic violence in Trinidad and Tobago. American Ethnologist, 28, 388-416.
27. Lee, R. K., Sanders Thompson, V. L., & Mechanic, M. B. (2002). Intimate partner violence and women of color: A call for innovations. American Journal of Public Health, 92, 530-534.
28. McFarlane, A., Neale, K., Norman, G., Roy, R., & Streiner, D. (1981). Methodological issues in developing a scale to measure social support. Schizophrenia Bulletin, 7, 90-100.
29. McLeod, M. I. (1996, May 27). Thin line between love and hate: A reality, not a thriller. Trinidad Guardian.
30. Miller, P., Ingham, J., & Davidson, S. (1976). Life events, symptoms and social support. Journal of Psychosomatic Research, 20, 515-522.
31. Mitchell, R. E., & Hodson, C. A. (1983). Coping with domestic violence: Social support and psychological health among battered women. American Journal of Community Psychology, 11, 629-653.
32. Mohammed, P. (1991). Reflections on the women's movement in Trinidad: Calypso, changes and sexual violence. Feminist Review, 3, 33-47.
33. Mondesire, A., & Dunn, A. (1995). Towards equity in development: A report on the status of women in sixteen commonwealth Caribbean countries. Georgetown: CARICOM.
34. Morgan, D., & Krueger, A. (1993). When to use focus groups and why. In Successful focus groups: Advancing the state of the art (pp. 3-19). Newbury Park, CA: Sage.
35. Morgan, P. (2000, December). Writing rage, literary representations of violence. Paper presented at the Gender and Domestic Violence Conference, University of West Indies, Trinidad.
36. Moser, C., & Peake, L. (1994). Seeing the invisible: Women, gender and urban development. Paper prepared for "Urban Research in the Developing World" project, York University, Toronto, Canada.
37. Rawlins, J. M. (2000). Domestic violence in Trinidad: A family and public health problem. Caribbean Journal of Criminology and Social Psychology, 5, 165-180.
38. Reddock, R. E. (1994). Women, labor & politics in Trinidad & Tobago: A history. London: Zed Books.
39. Reference Statistical Unit. (2004). Statistic of the incidence and nature of domestic violence in Trinidad and Tobago. Port of Spain, Trinidad and Tobago: Department of Court Administration.
40. Sarason, I., & Sarason, B. (1982). Concomitants of social support: Attitudes, personality characteristics, and life experiences. Journal of Psychosomatic Research, 22, 205-208.
41. Schilling, R. F. (1987). Limitations of social support. Social Service Review, 61, 19-31.
42. Stark, E., & Flitcraft, A. (1996). Women at risk: Domestic violence and women's health. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage.
43. Stokes, J. (1983). Toward and understanding of cohesion in personal change groups. International Journal of Group Therapy, 33, 449-467.
44. Sullivan, C. M. (1997). Societal collusions and culpability in intimate male violence: The impact of community response toward women with abusive partners. In A. P. Candarelli (Ed.), Violence between intimate partners: Patterns, causes, and effects (pp. 154-164). Needham Heights, MA: Allyn & Bacon.
45. Sullivan, C. M., & Bybee, D. I. (1999). Reducing violence using community-based advocacy for women with abusive partners. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 67, 43-53.
46. Tan, C., Basta, J., Sullivan, C., & Davidson, W. (1995). The role of social support in the lives of women exiting domestic violence shelters. Journal of Interpersonal Violence, 10, 437-451.
47. Tolsdorf, C. (1976). Social networks, support, and coping: An exploratory study. Family Process, 15, 407-417.
48. Vaux, A., & Ahanassopulou, M. (1987). Social support appraisal and network resources. American Journal of Community Psychology, 15, 153-166.
49. Walker, L. E. (1984). The battered woman syndrome. New York: Springer.
50. Wilson, K., Vercella, R., Brems, C., Benning, D., & Renfro, N. (1992). Levels of learned helplessness in abused women. Women and Therapy, 13, 53-67.
51. Zellerer, E. (2000). Domestic violence in Trinidad and Tobago: Some comments. Caribbean Journal of Criminology and Social Psychology, 5, 209-227.