Silver coated lead coins: An appraisal of ancient technology

Journal of Applied Electrochemistry

Volumn 36, Issue 8, 2006, Pages 951-956

  Giovannelli, Giuseppe ^a   Natali, Stefano ^b   Bozzini, Benedetto ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY OF SALENTO   (Italy)

^b SAPIENZA UNIVERSITY OF ROME   (Italy)

Author keywords

Archaeometallurgy; Cementation; Silvering

Indexed keywords

AMMONIA; ELECTROPLATING; LEAD; SCANNING ELECTRON MICROSCOPY; SUBSTRATES; X RAY DIFFRACTION;

ARCHAEOMETALLURGY; CEMENTATION; MECHANICAL PLATING; SILVERING;

ELECTROCHEMISTRY;

EID: 33746045685     PISSN: 0021891X     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1007/s10800-006-9161-8     Document Type: Article

References (30)

1. H.W. Salzberg, From Caveman to Chemist: Circumstances and Achievements (ACS Publications, Washington, D.C., 1991).
2. C. Jacob, HYLE - Int. J. Phil. Chem., 7(1) (2001) 31.
3. Peter J. Reynolds, "The Nature of Experiment in Archeology", in in honour of John Coles - A F Harding (ed.), Experiment and Design in Archaeology (Oxbow Books, 1999).
4. W. Fischer-Bossert, Chronologie der Didrachmcnprägung von Tarent. 510-280 v. Chr. (DAI, Antike Münzen und geschnittene Steine Band 14), pp. xvii + 495, pis. 85, map 1. Walter De Gruyter, Berlin 1999.
5. G. Giovannelli, S. Natali, B. Bozzini, A. Siciliano, R. Vitale, A. Serra and D. Manno. "A puzzling "mule" coin from the Parabita hoard: A material characterisation". Cavallino Archaeometry Workshop 2006, Cavallino (Lecce - Italy) - May 22-25, 2006. Submitted. Preprint available at http://www.arxiv.org/abs/cond-mat/0603438.
6. S. La Niece and P. Craddock (eds.), Metal Plating and Patination (Butterworths, 1993).
7. A. Giumlia Mair, Rev. Met. Paris 9 (2001) 767.
8. V. Karpenko and J.A. Norris, Chem. Listy 96 (2002) 997.
9. Economy of Minerals in The Hermetic and Alchemical Writings of Paracelsus, (A.E. Waite Transl.) Alchemical Press, Edmonds 1992.
10. K.H. Kim, T. Kang and H.-J. Sohn, J. Korean Inst. Met. 24 (1986) 663.
11. K. H. Kim, T. Kang, and H.-J. Sohn, Electrochemical Study of Silver Cementation on Lead in Chloride Solution, Productivity and Technology in the Metallurgical Industries; Cologne; FRG; 17-22 Sept. 1989. pp. 639-649.
12. T.D. Chaplin, R.J.H. Clark and D.A. Scott, J. Raman Spectroscop 37 (2006) 223.
13. E.R. Caley and J.F.C. Richards (eds.), Theophrastus, Theophrastus on stones (Ohio StateUniversity, Columbus, Ohio, 1956) p. 57.
14. R.T. Gunther (ed.), The Greek herbal of Dioscorides (Hafner, New York, 1959).
15. Vitruvius P., The Ten Books on Architecture. (M.H. Morgan, translator) New York: Dover Publications, Inc., 1960 Book 7, Chapter 12, section 1.
16. A.-M.B. Olsson, T. Calligaro, S. Colinart, J.C. Dran, N.E.G. Lovestam, B. Moignard and J. Salomon, Nucl. Instr. and Meth. in Phys. Res., b 181 (2001) 707.
17. P.T. Craddock, Early Metal Mining and Production (Edinburgh University Press, Edinburgh, 1995).
18. A. Ramage and P. T. Craddock, King Croesus' Gold: Excavations at Sardis and the History of Gold Refining Archaeological Exploration of Sardis, 11. (Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Art Museums, in association with British Museum Press, 2000).
19. O. Horz and M. Kallfass, Mater. Character. 45 (2000) 391.
20. B. Bozzini and G. Giovannelli, "Corrosion of Silver in Aqueous Chloride Solutions and Applications to the Corrosion of Ancient Silver Coins" in Magdalena Nunez (ed.), 'New Topics in Electrochemistry Research', (Nova Science Publishers Inc., NY, 2006).
21. B. Bozzini, A. Fanigliulo, G. Giovannelli, S. Natali and C. Mele, J. Appl. Electrochem. 33 (2003) 747.
22. G. Raykhtsaum and D.P. Agarwal, Gold Technol. 22 (1997) 26.
23. A. Madinzi, M. El Amane and H. Atmani, Ann. Chim. Sci. Mat. 25 (2000) 179.
24. R. Piontelli, Trans. Electrochem. Soc. 77 (1940) 267.
25. R. Piontelli, L. Canonica and G. Monteggia, Gazz. Chim. Ital. 78 (1948) 599.
26. R. Piontelli and L. Canonica, Gazz. Chim. Ital. 78 (1948) 606.
27. G.D. Sulka and M. Jaskula, Hydrometallurgy 70 (2003) 185.
28. R. Piontelli and G. Poli, Z. f. Elektrochem 62 (1958) 320.
29. R. Piontelli, G. Poli and B. Rivolta, Rend. Acc. Naz. Lincei 26 (1959) 321.
30. A Guinicr, "Théorie et technique de la radiocristallographie" (Dunod, Paris, 1956), pp. 15-7.