Geometric morphometrics of the skull roof of stereospondyls (Amphibia: Temnospondyli)

Palaeontology

Volumn 49, Issue 2, 2006, Pages 307-337

  Stayton, C Tristan ^a,b   Ruta, Marcello ^b,c  

^a UNIVERSITY OF CHICAGO   (United States)

^b FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY   (United States)

^c UNIVERSITY OF CHICAGO   (United States)

Author keywords

Geometric morphometrics; Morphospace; Permian; Phylogeny; Skull roof; Stereospondyls; Triassic

Indexed keywords

AMPHIBIAN; EXTINCTION; MORPHOLOGY; MORPHOMETRY; PALEONTOLOGY; PERMIAN; PHYLOGENETICS; SKULL; TRIASSIC;

AMPHIBIA; TEMNOSPONDYLI; TREMATOSAUROIDEA;

EID: 33746032994     PISSN: 00310239     EISSN: 14754983     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1111/j.1475-4983.2006.00523.x     Document Type: Article

References (96)

1. AHLBERG, P. E. and JOHANSON, Z. 1998. Osteolepiforms and the ancestry of tetrapods. Nature, 395, 792-794.
2. ANDERSON, J. S. 2001. The phylogenetic trunk: Maximal inclusion of taxa with missing data in an analysis of the Lepospondyli (Vertebrata, Tetrapoda). Systematic Biology, 50, 170-193.
3. BOLT, J. R. 1991. Lissamphibian origins. 194-222. In SCHULTZE, H.-P. and TRUEB, L. (eds). Origins of the higher groups of tetrapods: Controversy and consensus. Cornell University Press, Ithaca, 724 pp.
4. BOOKSTEIN, F. L. 1991. Morphometric tools for landmark data: Geometry and biology. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, 435 pp.
5. CARROLL, R. L. 2000. Eocaecilia and the origin of caecilians. 1402-1411. In HEATWOLE, H. and CARROLL, R. L. (eds). Amphibian biology. Volume 4. Palaeontology. Surrey Beatty and Sons, Chipping Norton, NSW, 1496 pp.
6. CHAPMAN, R. E. 1990. Shape analysis in the study of dinosaur morphology. 21-42. In CARPENTER, K. and CURRIE, P. J. (eds). Dinosaur systematics. Approaches and perspectives. Cambridge University Press, New York, 356 pp.
7. CLACK, J. A. 2000. The origin of tetrapods. 979-1029. In HEATWOLE, H. and CARROLL, R. L. (eds). Amphibian biology. Volume 4. Palaeontology. Surrey Beatty and Sons, Chipping Norton, NSW, 1496 pp.
8. CLACK, J. A. 2002. Gaining ground: The origin and evolution of tetrapods. Indiana University Press, Bloomington, 369 pp.
9. COATES, M. I. 1996. The Devonian tetrapod Acanthostega gunnari Jarvik: postcranial anatomy, basal tetrapod interrelationships and patterns of skeletal evolution. Transactions of the Royal Society of Edinburgh, Earth Sciences, 87, 363-421.
10. COATES, M. I. and COHN, M. J. 1998. Fins, limbs and tails: Outgrowth and patterning in vertebrate evolution. Bioessays, 20, 371-381.
11. COATES, M. I. JEFFERY, J. E. and RUTA, M. 2002. Fins to limbs: What the fossils say. Evolution and Development, 4, 390-401.
12. COSGRIFF, J. W. 1974. The Lower Triassic Temnospondyli of Tasmania. Geological Society of America, Special Paper, 149, 1-134.
13. CURRAN-EVERETT, D. 2000. Multiple comparisons: Philosophies and illustrations. American Journal of Physiology. Regulatory Integrative Comparative Physiology, 279, 1-8.
14. DAMIANI, R. J. 2001. A systematic revision and phylogenetic analysis of Triassic mastodonsauroids (Temnospondyli: Stereospondyli). Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society, 133, 379-482.
15. CURRAN-EVERETT, D. and KITCHING, J. W. 2003. A new brachyopid temnospondyl from the Cynognathus Assemblage Zone, Upper Beaufort Group, South Africa. Journal of Vertebrate Palaeontology, 23, 67-78.
16. CURRAN-EVERETT, D. and YATES, A. M. 2003. The Triassic amphibian Thoosuchus yakovlevi and the relationships of the Trematosauroidea (Temnospondyli: Stereospondyli). Records of the Australian Museum, 55, 331-342.
17. DRYDEN, I. L. and MARDIA, K. V. 1998. Statistical shape analysis. John Wiley and Sons, Chichester, 347 pp.
18. DUDLEY, A. T., ROS, M. A. and TABIN, C. J. 2002. A re-examination of proximodistal patterning during vertebrate limb development. Nature, 418, 539-544.
19. EBLE, G. J. 2000. Theoretical morphology: State of the art. Paleobiology, 26, 498-506.
20. FOOTE, M. 1990. Nearest-neighbor analysis of trilobite morphospace. Systematic Zoology, 39, 371-382.
21. FOOTE, M. 1991. Morphologic patterns of diversification: Examples from trilobites. Palaeontology, 34, 461-485.
22. FOOTE, M. 1992. Rarefaction analysis of morphological and taxonomic diversity. Paleobiology, 18, 1-16.
23. FOOTE, M. 1995. Morphological diversifications of Palaeozoic crinoids. Paleobiology, 21, 273-299.
24. FOOTE, M. 1997. The evolution of morphological diversity. Annual Reviews of Ecology and Systematics, 28, 129-152.
25. GARDNER, J. D. 2001. Monophyly and affinities of albanerpetontid amphibians (Temnospondyli; Lissamphibia). Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society, 131, 309-352.
26. HARVEY, P. H. and PAGEL, M. D. 1991. The comparative method in evolutionary biology. Oxford University Press, Oxford, 239 pp.
27. HELLRUNG, H. 2003. Gerrothorax pustuloglomeratus, ein Temnospondyle (Amphibia) mit knöcherner Branchialkammer aus dem Unteren Keuper von Kupferzell (Süddeutschland). Staatliche Museum für Naturkunde, Stuttgart, 330, 1-130.
28. HOLMES, R. 2000. Palaeozoic temnospondyls. 1081-1120. In HEATWOLE, H. and CARROLL, R. L. (eds). Amphibian biology. Volume 4. Palaeontology. Surrey Beatty and Sons, Chipping Norton, NSW, 1496 pp.
29. HUNT, A. P. 1993. Revision of the Metoposauridae (Amphibia: Temnospondyli) and description of a new genus from western North America. Bulletin of the Museum of Northern Arizona, 59, 67-97.
30. IVAKHNENKO, M. F., GOLUBEV, V. K., GUBIN, Y. M., KALANDADZE, N. N., NOVIKOV, I. V., SENNIKOV, A. G. and RAUTIAN, A. S. 1997. Permian and Triassic tetrapods of eastern Europe. GEOS, Moscow, 216 pp.
31. JACKSON, D. A. 1993. Stopping rules in principal components analysis: A comparison of heuristical and statistical approaches. Ecology, 74, 2204-2214.
32. JEFFERY, J. E. 2001. Pectoral fins of rhizodontids and the evolution of pectoral appendages in the tetrapod stem-group. Biological Journal of the Linnean Society, 74, 217-236.
33. KLEMBARA, J. and JANIGA, M. 1993. Variation in Discosauriscus austriacus (Makowsky 1876) from the Lower Permian of the Boskovice Furrow (Czech Republic). Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society, 108, 247-270.
34. LAURIN, M. and REISZ, R. R. 1999. A new study of Solenodonsaurus janenschi, and a reconsideration of amniote origins and stegocephalian evolution. Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences, 36, 1239-1255.
35. LEFEBVRE, B., EBLE, G. J. and DAVID, B. 2001. Morphological disparity in stylophoran echinoderms. 113-117. In FÉRAL, J. P. and DAVID, B. (eds). Echinoderm research 2001. Proceedings of the Sixth European Conference. Balkema, Rotterdam, 338 pp.
36. MacLEOD, N. and FOREY, P. L. 2002. Morphometrics, shape and phylogenetics. Taylor & Francis, London, 308 pp.
37. MANTEL, N. A. 1967. The detection of disease clustering and a generalized regression approach. Cancer Research, 27, 209-222.
38. MARSICANO, C. A. 1999. Chigutisaurid amphibians from the Upper Triassic of Argentina and their phylogenetic relationships. Palaeontology, 42, 545-565.
39. McGOWAN, G. J. 2002. Albanerpetontid amphibians from the Lower Cretaceous of Spain and Italy: A description and reconsideration of their systematics. Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society, 135, 1-32.
40. MILNER, A. R. 1988. The relationships and origin of living amphibians. 59-102. In BENTON, M. J. (ed.). The phylogeny and classification of the tetrapods, Volume 1: Amphibians, reptiles, birds. Clarendon Press, Oxford, 377 pp.
41. MILNER, A. R. 1990. The radiations of temnospondyl amphibians. 321-349. In TAYLOR, P. D. and LARWOOD, G. P. (eds). Major evolutionary radiations. Clarendon Press, Oxford, 437 pp.
42. MILNER, A. R. 1993. The Palaeozoic relatives of lissamphibians. Herpetological Monographs, 7, 8-27.
43. MILNER, A. R. 1994. Late Triassic and Jurassic amphibians: Fossil record and phylogeny. 5-23. In FRASER, N. C. and SUES, H.-D. (eds). In the shadow of the dinosaurs. Early Mesozoic tetrapods. Cambridge University Press, New York, 435 pp.
44. MILNER, A. R. 2000. Mesozoic and Tertiary Caudata and Albanerpetontidae. 1412-1444. In HEATWOLE, H. and CARROLL, R. L. (eds). Amphibian biology. Volume 4. Palaeontology. Surrey Beatty and Sons, Chipping Norton, NSW, 1496 pp.
45. MILNER, A. R. and SEQUEIRA, S. E. K. 1994. The temnospondyl amphibians from the Viséan of East Kirkton, West Lothian, Scotland. Transactions of the Royal Society of Edinburgh, Earth Sciences, 84, 331-361.
46. MILNER, A. R. and SEQUEIRA, S. E. K. 1998. A cochleosaurid temnospondyl amphibian from the Middle Pennsylvanian of Linton, Ohio, U.S.A. Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society, 122, 261-290.
47. O'KEEFE, F. R. 2002. The evolution of plesiosaur and pliosaur morphotypes in the Plesiosauria (Reptilia: Sauropterygia). Paleobiology, 28, 101-112.
48. POLLY, P. D. 2001. On morphological clocks and paleophylogeography: towards a timescale for Sorex hybrid zones. Genetica, 112-113, 339-357.
49. POLLY, P. D. 2003a. Paleophylogeography of Sorex araneus (Insectivora, Soricidae): Molar shape as a morphological marker for fossil shrews. Mammalia, 68, 233-243.
50. POLLY, P. D. 2003b. Paleophylogeography: The tempo of geographic differentiation in marmots (Marmota). Journal of Mammalogy, 84, 369-384.
51. RICHARDSON, M. K., JEFFERY, J. E. and TABIN, C. J. 2004. Proximodistal patterning of the limb: Insights from evolutionary morphology. Evolution and Development, 6, 1-5.
52. ROHLF, F. J. 1993. Relative warp analysis and an example of its application to mosquito wings. 131-159. In MARCUS, L. F., VALDECASAS, A. and BELLO, E. (eds). Contributions to morphometrics. Madrid Museum of Natural History, Madrid, 264 pp.
53. ROHLF, F. J. 1998. tpsSmall: Is shape variation small?, version 1.19. Department of Ecology and Evolution, State University of New York at Stony Brook (available online at http://life.bio.sunysb.edu/morph).
54. ROHLF, F. J. 2000a. Statistical power comparisons among alternative morphometric methods. American Journal of Physical Anthropology, 111, 463-478.
55. ROHLF, F. J. 2000b. NTSYSpc: Numerical taxonomy and multivariate analysis system, version 2.10a. Exeter Software, Setauket, New York.
56. ROHLF, F. J. 2002. Geometric morphometrics and phylogeny. 175-193. In MacLEOD, N. and FOREY, P. L. (eds). Morphometrics, shape and phylogenetics. Taylor & Francis, London, 308 pp.
57. ROHLF, F. J. 2003a. tpsDIG32, version 1.40. Department of Ecology and Evolution, State University of New York at Stony Brook (available online at http://life.bio.sunysb.edu/morph).
58. ROHLF, F. J. 2003b. tpsRelw, version 1.37. Department of Ecology and Evolution. State University of New York at Stony Brook (available online at http://life.bio.sunysb.edu/morph).
59. ROHLF, F. J. and BOOKSTEIN, F. L. 2003. Computing the uniform component of shape variation. Systematic Biology, 52, 66-69.
60. ROHLF, F. J. and MARCUS, L. F. 1993. A revolution in morphometrics. Trends in Ecology and Evolution, 8, 129-132.
61. RUTA, M., COATES, M. I. and QUICKE, D. L. J. 2003. Early tetrapod relationships revisited. Biological Reviews of the Cambridge Philosophical Society, 78, 251-345.
62. SANDERS, H. L. 1968. Marine benthic diversity: A comparative study. American Naturalist, 102, 243-282.
63. SÄVE-SÖDERBERGH, G. 1935. On the dermal bones of the head in labyrinthodont stegocephalians and primitive Reptilia with special reference to Eotriassic stegocephalians from East Greenland. Meddelelser om Grønland, 98, 1-211.
64. SCHOCH, R. R. 1999. Comparative osteology of Mastodonsaurus giganteus (Jaeger, 1828) from the Middle Triassic (Lettenkeuper: Longobardian) of Germany (Baden-Württemberg, Bayern, Thüringen). Stuttgarter Beitrage für Naturkunde B, 278, 1-170.
65. SCHOCH, R. R. 2000a. The origin and intrarelationships of Triassic capitosaurid amphibians. Palaeontology, 43, 705-727.
66. SCHOCH, R. R. 2000b. The status and osteology of two new cyclotosaurid amphibians from the Upper Moenkopi Formation of Arizona (Amphibia: Temnospondyli; Middle Triassic). Neues Jahrbuch für Geologie und Paläontologie, Abhandlungen, 216, 387-411.
67. SCHOCH, R. R. 2002a. The early formation of the skull in extant and Palaeozoic amphibians. Paleobiology, 28, 278-296.
68. SCHOCH, R. R. 2002b. The evolution of metamorphosis in temnospondyls. Lethaia, 35, 309-327.
69. SCHOCH, R. R. and CARROLL, R. L. 2003. Ontogenetic evidence for the Palaeozoic ancestry of salamanders. Evolution and Development, 5, 314-324.
70. SCHOCH, R. R. and MILNER, A. R. 2000. Handbuch der Paläoherpetologie: Teil 3B, Stereospondyli. Pfeil, Munich, 203 pp.
71. SENGUPTA, D. P. 1995. Chigutisaurid temnospondyls from the Late Triassic of India and a review of the Family Chigutisauridae. Palaeontology, 38, 313-339.
72. SENGUPTA, D. P. 2002. Indian metoposaurid amphibians revised. Paleontological Research, 6, 41-65.
73. SENGUPTA, D. P. and GHOSH, P. 1993. Morphometrics of some Triassic temnospondyls. 423-428. In LUCAS, S. G. and MORALES, M. (eds). The nonmarine Triassic. Bulletin of the New Mexico Museum of Natural History and Science, 3, 478 pp.
74. SHISHKIN, M. A., NOVIKOV, I. V. and GUBIN, Y. M. 2000. Permian and Triassic temnospondyls from Russia. 35-59. In BENTON, M. J., SHI SHKIN, M. A., UNWIN, D. M. and KUROCHKIN, E. N. (eds). The age of dinosaurs in Russia and Mongolia. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, 696 pp.
75. SHUBIN, N. H. 2002. Origin of evolutionary novelty: Examples from limbs. Journal of Morphology, 252, 15-28.
76. SHUBIN, N. H. DAESCHLER, D. B. and COATES, M. I. 2004. The early evolution of the tetrapod humerus. Science, 304, 90-93.
77. STEYER, J. S. 2002. The first articulated trematosaur 'amphibian' from the Lower Triassic of Madagascar: Implications for the phylogeny of the group. Palaeontology, 48, 771-793.
78. STEYER, J. S. 2003. A revision of the Early Triassic 'capitosaurs' Stegocephali, Stereospondyli) from Madagascar, with remarks on their comparative ontogeny. Journal of Vertebrate Palaeontology, 23, 544-555.
79. SULEJ, T. 2002. Species discrimination of the Late Triassic temnospondyl amphibian Metoposaurus diagnosticus. Acta Palaeontologica Polonica, 47, 535-546.
80. THOMPSON, D. A. W. 1942. On growth and form. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, 368 pp.
81. TRUEB, L. and CLOUTIER, R. 1991. A phylogenetic investigation of the inter- and intrarelationships of the Lissamphibia (Amphibia: Temnospondyli). 223-313. In SCHULTZE, H.-P. and TRUEB, L. (eds). Origins of the higher groups of tetrapods: Controversy and consensus. Cornell University Press, Ithaca, 724 pp.
82. VALLIN, G. and LAURIN, M. 2004. Cranial morphology and affinities of Microbrachis, and a reappraisal of the phylogeny and lifestyle of the first amphibians. Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology, 24, 56-72.
83. VAN VALEN, L. 1974. Multivariate structural statistics in natural history. Journal of Theoretical Biology, 54, 235-247.
84. WARREN, A. A. 1998. Laidleria uncovered: A redescription of Laidleria gracilis Kitching (1957), a temnospondyl from the Cynognathus Zone of South Africa. Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society, 122, 167-185.
85. WARREN, A. A. 2000. Secondarily aquatic temnospondyls of the Upper Permian and Mesozoic. 1121-1149. In HEATWOLE, H. and CARROLL, R. L. (eds). Amphibian biology. Volume 4. Palaeontology. Surrey Beatty and Sons, Chipping Norton, NSW, 1496 pp.
86. WARREN, A. A. and BLACK, T. 1985. A new rhytidosteid (Amphibia: Labyrinthodontia) from the Early Triassic Arcadia Formation of Queensland, Australia, and the relationships of Triassic temnospondyls. Journal of Vertebrate Palaeontology, 5, 303-327.
87. WARREN, A. A. and HUTCHINSON, M. N. 1988. A new genus capitosaurid amphibian from the Early Triassic of Queensland, and the ontogeny of the capitosaur skull. Palaeontology, 31, 857-876.
88. WARREN, A. A. and HUTCHINSON, M. N. 1990. Lapillopsis, a new genus of temnospondyl amphibians from the Early Triassic of Queensland. Alcheringa, 14, 149-158.
89. WARREN, A. A. RICH, T. H. and VICKERS-RICH, P. 1997. The last last labyrinthodonts. Palaeontographica, Abteilung A, 247, 1-24.
90. WESTON, E. M. 2003. Evolution of ontogeny in the hippopotamus skull: using allometry to dissect developmental change. Biological Journal of the Linnean Society, 80, 625-638.
91. WILLS, M. A., BRIGGS, D. E. G. and FORTEY, R. A. 1994. Disparity as an evolutionary index: A comparison of Cambrian and Recent arthropods. Paleobiology, 20, 93-130.
92. WITZMANN, F. and PFRETZSCHNER, H.-U. 2003. Larval ontogeny of Micromelerpeton credneri (Temnospondyli, Dissorophoidea). Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology, 23, 750-768.
93. YATES, A. M. 1999. The Lapillopsidae: A new family of small temnospondyls from the Early Triassic of Australia. Journal of Vertebrate Palaeontology, 19, 302-320.
94. YATES, A. M. and WARREN, A. A. 2000. The phylogeny of the 'higher' temnospondyls (Vertebrata: Choanata) and its implications for the monophyly and origins of the Stereospondyli. Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society, 128, 77-121.
95. ZELDITCH, M. L., FINK, W. L. and SWIDERSKI, D. L. 1995. Morphometrics, homology, and phylogenetics: Quantified characters as synapomorphies. Systematic Biology, 44, 179-189.
96. ZITTEL, K. von 1887-90. Handbuch der Palaeontologie. I. Abteilung, Palaeozoologie. 3. Vertebrata (Pisces, Amphibia, Reptilia). Oldenbourg, München and Leipzig, 1890 pp.