Management of the Patient with a Rising PSA Alone

Hematology/Oncology Clinics of North America

Volumn 20, Issue 4, 2006, Pages 897-908

  Moul, Judd W ^a   Ward, John F ^b  

^a DUKE UNIVERSITY MEDICAL CENTER   (United States)

^b NEVADA CANCER INSTITUTE   (United States)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

ANTIANDROGEN; BICALUTAMIDE; GONADORELIN AGONIST; PROSTATE SPECIFIC ANTIGEN;

ANEMIA; BONE DISEASE; BONE MINERALIZATION; CANCER CONTROL; CANCER GROWTH; CANCER HORMONE THERAPY; CANCER RADIOTHERAPY; CANCER RECURRENCE; CANCER SURVIVAL; CASTRATION; CLINICAL TRIAL; COGNITIVE DEFECT; CRYOTHERAPY; FOLLOW UP; HOT FLUSH; HUMAN; IMMUNOASSAY; LIBIDO DISORDER; METASTASIS; MOOD DISORDER; MUSCLE ATROPHY; MUSCLE MASS; NEEDLE BIOPSY; OSTEOPOROSIS; PRIORITY JOURNAL; PROSTATE CANCER; PROSTATECTOMY; QUALITY OF LIFE; REVIEW; RISK ASSESSMENT; SALVAGE THERAPY; SEXUAL DYSFUNCTION; SIDE EFFECT; THERMOREGULATION;

DISEASE MANAGEMENT; HUMANS; MALE; PROSTATE-SPECIFIC ANTIGEN; PROSTATIC NEOPLASMS; RECURRENCE; SALVAGE THERAPY;

EID: 33746006588     PISSN: 08898588     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/j.hoc.2006.03.006     Document Type: Review

References (59)

1. Khan M.A., Han M., Partin A.W., et al. Long-term cancer control of radical prostatectomy in men younger than 50 years of age: update 2003. Urology 62 1 (2003) 86-91 [discussion 2]
2. Djavan B., Moul J.W., Zlotta A., et al. PSA progression following radical prostatectomy and radiation therapy: new standards in the new Millennium. Eur Urol 43 1 (2003) 12-27
3. Moul J.W., Wu H., Sun L., et al. Epidemiology of radical prostatectomy for localized prostate cancer in the era of prostate-specific antigen: an overview of the Department of Defense Center for Prostate Disease Research national database. Surgery 132 2 (2002) 213-219
4. Polascik T.J., Oesterling J.E., and Partin A.W. Prostate specific antigen: a decade of discovery-what we have learned and where we are going. J Urol 162 2 (1999) 293-306
5. Ward J.F., Blute M.L., Slezak J., et al. The long-term clinical impact of biochemical recurrence of prostate cancer 5 or more years after radical prostatectomy. J Urol 170 5 (2003) 1872-1876
6. Pound C.R., Partin A.W., Eisenberger M.A., et al. Natural history of progression after PSA elevation following radical prostatectomy. JAMA 281 17 (1999) 1591-1597
7. Amling C.L., Bergstralh E.J., Blute M.L., et al. Defining prostate specific antigen progression after radical prostatectomy: what is the most appropriate cut point?. J Urol 165 4 (2001) 1146-1151
8. Freedland S.J., Sutter M.E., Dorey F., et al. Defining the ideal cutpoint for determining PSA recurrence after radical prostatectomy. Prostate-specific antigen. Urology 61 2 (2003) 365-369
9. Consensus statement: guidelines for PSA following radiation therapy. American Society for Therapeutic Radiology and Oncology Consensus Panel. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 37 5 (1997) 1035-1041
10. Taylor J.M., Griffith K.A., and Sandler H.M. Definitions of biochemical failure in prostate cancer following radiation therapy. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 50 5 (2001) 1212-1219
11. Thames H., Kuban D., Levy L., et al. Comparison of alternative biochemical failure definitions based on clinical outcome in 4839 prostate cancer patients treated by external beam radiotherapy between 1986 and 1995. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 57 4 (2003) 929-943
12. D'Amico A.V., Moul J.W., Carroll P.R., et al. Surrogate end point for prostate cancer-specific mortality after radical prostatectomy or radiation therapy. J Natl Cancer Inst 95 18 (2003) 1376-1383
13. Pruthi R.S., Johnstone I., Tu I.P., et al. Prostate-specific antigen doubling times in patients who have failed radical prostatectomy: correlation with histologic characteristics of the primary cancer. Urology 49 5 (1997) 737-742
14. Albertsen P.C., Hanley J.A., Penson D.F., et al. Validation of increasing prostate specific antigen as a predictor of prostate cancer death after treatment of localized prostate cancer with surgery or radiation. J Urol 171 6 Pt 1 (2004) 2221-2225
15. Prostate Cancer End Points Workshop Presentations. 2004. Available at: http://www.fda.gov/cder/drug/cancer_endpoints/ProstatePresent/default.htm. Accessed September 12, 2004.
16. Leventis A.K., Shariat S.F., Kattan M.W., et al. Prediction of response to salvage radiation therapy in patients with prostate cancer recurrence after radical prostatectomy. J Clin Oncol 19 4 (2001) 1030-1039
17. Katz M.S., Zelefsky M.J., Venkatraman E.S., et al. Predictors of biochemical outcome with salvage conformal radiotherapy after radical prostatectomy for prostate cancer. J Clin Oncol 21 3 (2003) 483-489
18. Song D.Y., Thompson T.L., Ramakrishnan V., et al. Salvage radiotherapy for rising or persistent PSA after radical prostatectomy. Urology 60 2 (2002) 281-287
19. Anscher M.S., Clough R., and Dodge R. Radiotherapy for a rising prostate-specific antigen after radical prostatectomy: the first 10 years. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 48 2 (2000) 369-375
20. Pisansky T.M., Kozelsky T.F., Myers R.P., et al. Radiotherapy for isolated serum prostate specific antigen elevation after prostatectomy for prostate cancer. J Urol 163 3 (2000) 845-850
21. Chawla A.K., Thakral H.K., Zietman A.L., et al. Salvage radiotherapy after radical prostatectomy for prostate adenocarcinoma: analysis of efficacy and prognostic factors. Urology 59 5 (2002) 726-731
22. Cadeddu J.A., Partin A.W., DeWeese T.L., et al. Long-term results of radiation therapy for prostate cancer recurrence following radical prostatectomy. J Urol 159 1 (1998) 173-177 [discussion 7-8]
23. Cox J.D., Gallagher M.J., Hammond E.H., et al. Consensus statements on radiation therapy of prostate cancer: guidelines for prostate re-biopsy after radiation and for radiation therapy with rising prostate-specific antigen levels after radical prostatectomy. American Society for Therapeutic Radiology and Oncology Consensus Panel. J Clin Oncol 17 4 (1999) 1155-1163
24. Schild S.E., Buskirk S.J., Wong W.W., et al. The use of radiotherapy for patients with isolated elevation of serum prostate specific antigen following radical prostatectomy. J Urol 156 5 (1996) 1725-1729
25. Ward J.F., Zincke H., Bergstralh E.J., et al. Prostate specific antigen doubling time subsequent to radical prostatectomy as a prognosticator of outcome following salvage radiotherapy. J Urol 172 12 (2004) 2244-2248
26. Stephenson A.J., Shariat S.F., Zelefsky M.J., et al. Salvage radiotherapy for recurrent prostate cancer after radical prostatectomy. JAMA 291 11 (2004) 1325-1332
27. Kaplan I.D., Prestidge B.R., Bagshaw M.A., et al. The importance of local control in the treatment of prostatic cancer. J Urol 147 3 Pt 2 (1992) 917-921
28. Crook J.M., Perry G.A., Robertson S., et al. Routine prostate biopsies following radiotherapy for prostate cancer: results for 226 patients. Urology 45 4 (1995) 624-631 [discussion 31-2]
29. Ward J.F., Sebo T.J., Blute M.L., et al. Salvage surgery for radiorecurrent prostate cancer: Contemporary outcomes. J Urol 173 4 (2005) 1156-1160 In advance of publication
30. Gheiler E.L. Predictors for maximal outcome in patients undergoing salvage surgery for radio-recurrent prostate cancer. Urology 51 5 (1998) 789-795
31. Garzotto M., and Wajsman Z. Androgen deprivation with salvage surgery for radiorecurrent prostate cancer: results at 5-year followup. J Urol 159 3 (1998) 950-954 [discussion 4-5]
32. Rogers E. Salvage radical prostatectomy: outcome measured by serum prostate specific antigen levels. J Urol 153 1 (1995) 104-110
33. Stephenson A.J., Scardino P.T., Bianco Jr. F.J., et al. Morbidity and functional outcomes of salvage radical prostatectomy for locally recurrent prostate cancer after radiation therapy. J Urol 172 6 Pt 1 (2004) 2239-2243
34. Katz A.E., and Rukstalis D.B. Introduction. Recent scientific and technological advances have challenged the traditional treatment options for patients with localized prostate cancer. Urology 60 2, Suppl 1 (2002) 1-2
35. Benoit R.M., Cohen J.K., and Miller Jr. R.J. Cryosurgery for prostate cancer: new technology and indications. Curr Urol Rep 1 1 (2000) 41-47
36. Han K.R., Cohen J.K., Miller R.J., et al. Treatment of organ confined prostate cancer with third generation cryosurgery: preliminary multicenter experience. J Urol 170 4 Pt 1 (2003) 1126-1130
37. Wei J.T., Dunn R.L., Sandler H.M., et al. Comprehensive comparison of health-related quality of life after contemporary therapies for localized prostate cancer. J Clin Oncol 20 2 (2002) 557-566
38. D'Amico A.V., Moul J., Carroll P.R., et al. Cancer-specific mortality after surgery or radiation for patients with clinically localized prostate cancer managed during the prostate-specific antigen era. J Clin Oncol 21 11 (2003) 2163-2172
39. Moul J.W., and Fowler Jr. J.E. Evolution of therapeutic approaches with luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone agonists in 2003. Urology 62 6, Suppl 1 (2003) 20-28
40. Robinson M.R., Smith P.H., Richards B., et al. The final analysis of the EORTC Genito-Urinary Tract Cancer Co-Operative Group phase III clinical trial (protocol 30805) comparing orchidectomy, orchidectomy plus cyproterone acetate and low dose stilboestrol in the management of metastatic carcinoma of the prostate. Eur Urol 28 4 (1995) 273-283
41. Cassileth B.R., Soloway M.S., Vogelzang N.J., et al. Patients' choice of treatment in stage D prostate cancer. Urology 33 5 Suppl (1989) 57-62
42. Schmitt B., Wilt T.J., Schellhammer P.F., et al. Combined androgen blockade with nonsteroidal antiandrogens for advanced prostate cancer: a systematic review. Urology 57 4 (2001) 727-732
43. Maximum androgen blockade in advanced prostate cancer: an overview of the randomised trials. Prostate Cancer Trialists' Collaborative Group. Lancet 355 9214 (2000) 1491-1498
44. Bennett C.L., Tosteson T.D., Schmitt B., et al. Maximum androgen-blockade with medical or surgical castration in advanced prostate cancer: A meta-analysis of nine published randomized controlled trials and 4128 patients using flutamide. Prostate Cancer Prostatic Dis 2 1 (1999) 4-8
45. Denis L.J., Keuppens F., Smith P.H., et al. Maximal androgen blockade: final analysis of EORTC phase III trial 30853. EORTC Genito-Urinary Tract Cancer Cooperative Group and the EORTC Data Center. Eur Urol 33 2 (1998) 144-151
46. Labrie F., Dupont A., Belanger A., et al. Combination therapy with flutamide and castration (LHRH agonist or orchiectomy) in advanced prostate cancer: a marked improvement in response and survival. J Steroid Biochem 23 5B (1985) 833-841
47. Janknegt R.A., Abbou C.C., Bartoletti R., et al. Orchiectomy and nilutamide or placebo as treatment of metastatic prostatic cancer in a multinational double-blind randomized trial. J Urol 149 1 (1993) 77-82 [discussion 3]
48. Seidenfeld J., Samson D.J., Hasselblad V., et al. Single-therapy androgen suppression in men with advanced prostate cancer: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Ann Intern Med 132 7 (2000) 566-577
49. Immediate versus deferred treatment for advanced prostatic cancer: initial results of the Medical Research Council Trial. The Medical Research Council Prostate Cancer Working Party Investigators Group. Br J Urol 79 2 (1997) 235-246
50. Kirk D. Immediate vs delayed hormone treatment for prostate cancer: how safe is androgen deprivation?. BJU Int 86 s3 (2000) 220 [abstract MP6.1.07]
51. Messing E.M., Manola J., Sarosdy M., et al. Immediate hormonal therapy compared with observation after radical prostatectomy and pelvic lymphadenectomy in men with node-positive prostate cancer. N Engl J Med 341 24 (1999) 1781-1788
52. Allaf M.E., Palapattu G.S., Trock B.J., et al. Anatomical extent of lymph node dissection: impact on men with clinically localized prostate cancer. J Urol 172 5 Pt 1 (2004) 1840-1844
53. Moul J.W., Wu H., Sun L., et al. Early versus delayed hormonal therapy for prostate specific antigen only recurrence of prostate cancer after radical prostatectomy. J Urol 171 3 (2004) 1141-1147
54. Higano C.S. Side effects of androgen deprivation therapy: monitoring and minimizing toxicity. Urology 61 2, Suppl 1 (2003) 32-38
55. Bales G.T., and Chodak G.W. A controlled trial of bicalutamide versus castration in patients with advanced prostate cancer. Urology 47 1A Suppl (1996) 38-43 [discussion 8-53]
56. Iversen P. Bicalutamide monotherapy for early stage prostate cancer: an update. J Urol 170 6 Pt 2 (2003) S48-S52 [discussion S-4]
57. Iversen P., Tyrrell C.J., Kaisary A.V., et al. Bicalutamide monotherapy compared with castration in patients with nonmetastatic locally advanced prostate cancer: 6.3 years of followup. J Urol 164 5 (2000) 1579-1582
58. See W.A., McLeod D., Iversen P., et al. The bicalutamide Early Prostate Cancer Program. Demography. Urol Oncol 6 2 (2001) 43-47
59. Wirth M.P., See W.A., McLeod D.G., et al. Bicalutamide 150 mg in addition to standard care in patients with localized or locally advanced prostate cancer: results from the second analysis of the early prostate cancer program at median followup of 5.4 years. J Urol 172 5 Pt 1 (2004) 1865-1870