Gentlemanly politeness and manly simplicity in Victorian England

Transactions of the Royal Historical Society

Volumn 12, Issue , 2002, Pages 455-472

  Tosh, John ^a  

^a NONE

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

ARTICLE; CULTURAL FACTOR; FAMILY; FEMALE; GENDER IDENTITY; HISTORY; MALE; SOCIAL BEHAVIOR; SOCIAL CLASS; UNITED KINGDOM;

CULTURAL CHARACTERISTICS; FAMILY; GENDER IDENTITY; GREAT BRITAIN; HISTORY, 19TH CENTURY; MEN; SOCIAL BEHAVIOR; SOCIAL CLASS; WOMEN;

EID: 33745966155     PISSN: 00804401     EISSN: 14740648     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1017/S0080440102000191     Document Type: Review

References (71)

1. Robin Gilmour, The Idea of the Gentleman in the Victorian Novel (1981)
2. Ellen Moers, The Dandy: Brummell to Beerbohm (1960)
3. J. Fenimore Cooper, England (1837), 195
4. Michael Curtin, Propriety and Position: A Study of Victorian Manners (New York, 1987)
5. Lord Ashley, diary for 21 Nov. 1844, quoted in Edwin Hodder, The Life and Work of the Seventh Earl of Shaftesbury (2 vols., 1886), II, 77
6. A. P. Stanley, The Life and Correspondence of Thomas Arnold (8th edn, 2 vols., 1858), I, 100
7. A. P. Stanley, quoted in James Eli Adams, Dandies and Desert Saints: Styles of Victorian Masculinity (Ithaca, 1995), 61
8. Figures from J. A. Banks, Prosperity and Parenthood (1954), 228-9
9. Anthony Fletcher, Gender, Sex and Subordination in England 1500-1800 (1995), 325-9
10. Charles Duncan, The Gentleman's Book of Manners or Etiquette (1875), 7
11. [James Fitzjames Stephen], 'Gentlemen', Cornhill Magazine, 5 (1862), 331
12. David Newsome, Godliness and Good Learning (1961), 195-227
13. J. R. de S. Honey, Tom Brown's Universe: The Development of the Victorian Public School (1977)
14. Norman Vance, The Sinews of the Spirit: The Ideal of Christian Manliness in Victorian Literature and Religious Thought (Cambridge, 1985)
15. Boyd Hilton, 'Manliness, Masculinity and the Mid-Victorian Temperament', in The Blind Victorian: Henry Fawcett and British Liberalism, ed. L. Goldman (Cambridge, 1989), 60-70
16. David Alderson, Mansex Fine: Religion, Manliness and Imperialism in Nineteenth-Century British Culture (Manchester, 1998)
17. Thomas Carlyle, Past and Present (Oxford, 1934), 144
18. Stephen, 'Gentlemen', 336
19. Carlyle, Past and Present, 142
20. Quoted in Raphael Samuel, Island Stories: Unravelling Britain (1998), 286
21. Gilmour, Idea of the Gentleman, 18
22. Paul Langford, Englishness Identified: Manners and Character, 1650-1850 (Oxford, 2000), 306-9
23. Gerald Newman, The Rise of English Nationalism: A Cultural History 1740-1830 (New York, 1997), 128-55
24. Michèle Cohen, 'Manliness, Effeminacy and the French: Gender and the Construction of National Character in Eighteenth-Century England', in English Masculinities, 1660-1800, ed. T. Hitchcock and M. Cohen (1999), 44-61
25. David Newsome, The Parting of Friends (1966), 59
26. Newsome, Godliness and Good Learning, 195-6
27. Gilmour, Idea of the Gentleman, 58, 69
28. on Collins, see Bruce Haley, The Healthy Body and Victorian Culture (Cambridge, MA, 1978), 223-6
29. Alderson, Mansex Fine, 62-4
30. John Tosh, A Man's Place: Masculinity and the Middle-Class Home in Victorian England (1999), 76-7
31. David Newsome, History of Wellington College (1959), 92, 151
32. John Brewer, The Pleasures of the Imagination: English Culture in the Eighteenth Century (1997), 99-112
33. Peter Clark, British Clubs and Societies, 1580-1800 (Oxford, 2000)
34. Brian Harrison, Separate Spheres: The Opposition to Women's Suffrage in Britain (1978), ch. 5
35. Leonore Davidoff and Catherine Hall, Family Fortunes: Men and Women of the English Middle Class, 1780-1850 (Oxford, 1986), 436-45
36. F. K. Prochaska, Women and Philanthropy in Nineteenth-Century England (Oxford, 1980)
37. and Tosh, A Man's Place, 34-9
38. [J. A. Froude], The Nemesis of Faith (1849), 113
39. and Sarah Ellis, The Mothers of England (1843), 77
40. Thomas Laqueur, Making Sex: Body and Gender from the Greeks to Freud (Cambridge, MA, 1990)
41. On these dichotomies, see Mary Poovey, Uneven Developments: The Ideological Work of Gender in Mid-Victorian England (1988)
42. Quoted in Claudia Nelson, 'Sex and the Single Boy: Ideals of Manliness and Sexuality in Victorian Literature for Boys', Victorian Studies, 32 (1989), 530
43. Quoted in A. Smiles, Samuel Smiles and his Surroundings (1956), 67
44. Claudia Nelson, Boys Will Be Girls: The Feminine Ethic and British Children's Fiction, 1857-1917 (New Brunswick, NJ, 1991)
45. Quoted in Louise Creighton, Life and Letters of Mandell Creighton (2 vols., 1904), I, 33
46. William Landels, How Men Are Made (1859), 43
47. Walter Houghton, The Victorian Frame of Mind, 1833-70 (New Haven, CT, 1957), 242-62
48. See, for example, John Heaton to Helen Heaton, 17 May 1874, Heaton MSS, private collection, Cornhill-on-Tweed
49. Marjorie Morgan, Manners, Morals and Class in England 1774-1858 (1994), 63-71, 100-3, 107-8
50. For example: H. S. Brown, Manliness (1858)
51. J. B. Figgis, Manliness, Womanliness, Godliness (1861)
52. Thomas Hughes, The Manliness of Christ (1879)
53. Quoted in Houghton, Victorian Frame of Mind, 206
54. Stefan Collini, 'The Idea of "Character" in Victorian Political Thought', Transactions of the Royal Historical Society, 5th ser. 35 (1985), 40
55. Quoted in Adams, Dandies and Desert Saints, 110
56. J. Shepherd, in Social Science: Being Selections from John Cassell's Prize Essays by Working Men (1861), 187
57. Wally Seccombe, 'Patriarchy Stabilized: The Construction of the Male Bread-Winner Norm in Nineteenth-Century Britain', Social History, II (1986), 53-76
58. Sonya Rose, Limited Livelihoods: Gender and Class in Nineteenth-Century England (1992), 128-30
59. W. M. Thackeray, Vanity Fair, ch. 62
60. John Vincent, The Formation of the Liberal Party (1966), 14
61. James Vernon, Politics and the People: A Study in English Political Culture, c. 1815-1867 (Cambridge, 1993), 102, 158, 314
62. Keith McClelland, '"England's Greatness, the Working Man"', in C. Hall, K. McClelland and J. Rendall, Defining the Victorian Nation: Class, Race, Gender and the British Reform Act of 1867 (Cambridge, 2000), 97-101
63. Thomas Beckwith, quoted in Eugenio Biagini, Liberty, Retrenchment and Reform: Popular Liberalism in the Age of Gladstone, 1860-80 (Cambridge, 1992), 286
64. Patrick Joyce, Democratic Subjects: The Self and the Social in Nineteenth-Century England (Cambridge, 1994), 116-24
65. Walter Bagehot, 'Mr Bright's Retirement' (1870), repr. in Historical Essays, ed. N. St J. Stevas (1971), 226
66. Vincent, Formation of the Liberal Party, 212-13
67. On Gladstone's tree-felling, see Biagini, Liberty, Retrenchment and Reform, 396-400
68. Curtin, Propriety and Position, 290
69. J. R. Vernon, 'The Grand Old Name of Gentleman', Contemporary Review, II (1869), 564
70. Harvey Newcomb, Youth and its Duties: A Book for Young Gentlemen, Containing Useful Hints on the Formation of Character (1873), 11
71. Stephen, 'Gentlemen', 340