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a) S. Gladiali, A. Dore, D. Fabbri, O. De Lucchi, M. Manassero, Tetrahedron: Asymmetry 1994, 5, 511-514;
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18844434869
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b) K. Junge, B. Hagemann, S. Enthaler, G. Oehme, M. Michalik, A. Monsees, T. Riermeier, U. Dingerdissen, M. Beller, Angew. Chem. 2004, 116, 5176-5179;
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4944250331
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and references therein
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Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. 2004, 43, 5066-5069, and references therein.
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24
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0037462076
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For the initial report of this annulation method, see: X.-F. Zhu, J. Lan, O. Kwon, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2003, 125, 4716-4717.
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25
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33746234923
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note
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31P NMR spectroscopy, phosphepine 2 is the predominant phosphorus-containing species that is present during the [3+2] cycloaddition process. f) To the best of our knowledge, the stereochemistry of the enone is preserved in the cyclopentene.
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26
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33746187326
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note
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For non-asymmetric reactions, only maleates and fumarates have been shown to be suitable substrates. Lu et al. (e.g., ref. [4a]) and Zhang et al. (ref. [5]) were unable to achieve cycloadditions of other β-substituted α,β-unsaturated carbonyl compounds.
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27
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1842851813
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For a recent discussion of the challenge of developing catalytic asymmetric methods for the synthesis of quaternary all-carbon centers, see: C. J. Douglas, L. E. Overman, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 2004, 101, 5363-5367.
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Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA
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Douglas, C.J.1
Overman, L.E.2
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28
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33746234924
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note
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Lu et al. have described phosphine-catalyzed [3+2] cycloadditions that generate spirocycles from enones that lack a β substituent (refs. [4d] and [4e]). They observe predominant formation of a different regioisomer (the two carbonyl groups are in a 1,3 relationship on the cyclopentene ring) from that depicted in Equation (4).
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29
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0034829733
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For leading references to an example of a naturally occurring spiroindanone that bears an all-carbon quaternary stereocenter (fredericamycin A), see: Y. Kita, K. Higuchi, Y. Yoshida, K. Iio, S. Kitagaki, K. Ueda, S. Akai, H. Fujioka, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2001, 123, 3214-3222.
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Ueda, K.6
Akai, S.7
Fujioka, H.8
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30
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0037462129
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For another recent example of a catalytic asymmetric method for the synthesis of spirocyclic compounds wherein an all-carbon quaternary stereocenter is established in the cyclization process, see: M. Hatano, K. Mikami, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2003, 125, 4704-4705.
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Hatano, M.1
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31
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33746248140
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note
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For the tetralone, a considerable quantity of unreacted starting material was observed. Increasing the amount of allene did not improve the yield.
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-
-
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32
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0001432697
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These conditions were developed by Nakamura and Kuwajima: S. Matsuzawa, Y. Horiguchi, E. Nakamura, I. Kuwajima, Tetrahedron 1989, 45, 349-362.
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Tetrahedron
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Matsuzawa, S.1
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Nakamura, E.3
Kuwajima, I.4
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33
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33746187325
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note
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Molecular structures of phosphine catalysts given in Table 1: (Figure Presented)
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