A mechanistic study into the reactions of ammonium nitrate with pyrite

Chemical Engineering Science

Volumn 61, Issue 17, 2006, Pages 5781-5790

  Gunawan, Richard ^a   Freij, Sawsan ^a   Zhang, Dong ke ^a   Beach, Fiona ^b   Littlefair, Michael ^b  

^a CURTIN UNIVERSITY   (Australia)

^b Dyno Nobel Asia Pacific   (Australia)

Author keywords

Ammonium nitrate; Combustion; Environment; Pyritic shale; Reaction engineering; Safety

Indexed keywords

ACCIDENT PREVENTION; DIFFERENTIAL SCANNING CALORIMETRY; OXIDATION; PYRITES; REACTION KINETICS; THERMOGRAVIMETRIC ANALYSIS;

AMMONIUM NITRATE; ENVIRONMENT; PYRITIC SHALE; REACTION ENGINEERING;

AMMONIUM COMPOUNDS;

ACCIDENT PREVENTION; AMMONIUM COMPOUNDS; DIFFERENTIAL SCANNING CALORIMETRY; OXIDATION; PYRITES; REACTION KINETICS; THERMOGRAVIMETRIC ANALYSIS;

EID: 33745925912     PISSN: 00092509     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/j.ces.2006.04.044     Document Type: Article

References (18)

1. Castellan, G.W., 1983. Physical Chemistry, third ed. Addison-Wesley Publishing Company, Amsterdam, pp. 131-132, 204-208.
2. Driel, C.A.v., 1983. Influence of additives on structure and thermal stability of ammonium nitrate. Ph.D. Thesis, Delft University of Technology, Den-Haag, p. 40.
3. Forshey, D.R., Ruhe, T.C., Mason, C.M., 1968. The reactivity of ammonium nitrate-fuel oil with pyrite bearing ores. U.S. Bureau of Mines, Washington, pp. 1-10.
4. Gryglewicz G. Sulfur transformations during pyrolysis of high sulphur Polish coking coal. Fuel 74 (1952) 359
5. Gunawan, R., Han, X., Rossiter, A., Freij, S., Feng, B., Zhang, D.K., Waters, P., Beach, F., Littlefair, M., 2005. Reactivity of pyritic shales from Mt. Whaleback mine towards ammonium nitrate based explosives. Iron Ore Conference 2005. The AusIMM, Fremantle, pp. 235-240.
6. Haitao, L., Xuguang, W., Guoli, W., 1999. Study on the exothermic reaction mechanism on the spontaneous detonation and combustion of explosives and pyrite. 26th International Pyrotechnics Seminar, pp. 230-237.
7. Medard, L.A., 1989. Accidental Explosion, Vol. 2: Types of Explosives Substances. Ellis Horwood Ltd., London, p. 552.
8. Mingqing, L., Rongqi, L., 1986. On causes for spontaneous explosion of explosives in blasting operation at sulfide deposit tending towards spontaneous combustion. 13th Symposium on Explosives and Pyrotechnics.
9. Miron, Y., Mason, C.M., Watson, R.W., 1976. The reactivity of aluminized AN-FO with pyrite bearing ores. U.S. Bureau of Mines, Washington, pp. 1-25.
10. Miron, Y., Mason, C.M., Watson, R.W., 1979. Reactivity of AN-FO with pyrite containing weathering products. U.S. Bureau of Mines, Washington, pp. 1-24.
11. Miron, Y., Ruhe, T.C., Hay, J.E., 1982. Reactivity of ANFO with pyrite containing weathering products-Evaluation of additional inhibitors. U.S. Bureau of Mines, Pittsburgh, pp. 1-14.
12. Nakamura H., Iwasaki M., Sato S., and Hara Y. The reaction of ammonium nitrate with pyrite. Journal of Hazardous Materials 36 (1994) 293-303
13. Oxley J.C., Kaushnik S.M., and Gilson N.S. Thermal stability and compatibility of ammonium nitrate explosives on a small and large scale. Thermochimica Acta 212 (1992) 84
14. Perry, L.H., Green, D., 1984. Perry's Chemical Engineers' Handbook, sixth ed. McGraw-Hill Book Co. New York, pp.3-131, 3-132, 3-134, 3-150, 3-152, 3-154.
15. Rumball, J.A., 1991. The interaction of partially weathered sulphides in the Mt. McRae shale formation with ammonium nitrate. Ph.D. Thesis, Murdoch University, Perth, pp. 264-301.
16. Tao, L., Guoli, W., 2000. Evaluation of the risk of spontaneous ignition and explosion of explosives in Pingshui copper mine. International Symposium on Safety Science and Technology, Beijing, p.1.
17. Tianrui, X., Dianhua, P., Xiang, J., 1996. Unexpected explosions in blasting practice and their prevention. 22nd Annual Conference of Explosives and Blasting Technique, p.1.
18. Tuller, W.N., 1954. The Sulphur Data Book. McGraw-Hill Book Company Inc., New York, pp. 65-69.