Spatial patterns in an old-growth Nothofagus obliqua forest in south-central Chile

Forest Ecology and Management

Volumn 231, Issue 1-3, 2006, Pages 38-46

  Salas, Christian ^a   LeMay, Valerie ^b   Núñez, Patricio ^a   Pacheco, Patricio ^a   Espinosa, Alejandro ^a  

^a UNIVERSIDAD DE LA FRONTERA   (Chile)

^b UNIVERSITY OF BRITISH COLUMBIA   (Canada)

Author keywords

Bivariate spatial patterns; Monte Carlo simulations; Ripley's K (t) function; Stand dynamics; Standing dead trees

Indexed keywords

COMPUTATION THEORY; COMPUTER SIMULATION; MONTE CARLO METHODS;

BIVARIATE SPATIAL PATTERNS; MONTE CARLO SIMULATIONS; RIPLEY'S K (T) FUNCTION; STAND DYNAMICS; STANDING DEAD TREES;

FORESTRY;

ANALYTICAL METHOD; MONTE CARLO ANALYSIS; OLD-GROWTH FOREST; SPATIAL VARIATION; STAND DYNAMICS;

COMPUTATION; FORESTRY; STATISTICAL ANALYSIS; TREES;

CHILE; SOUTH AMERICA;

AEXTOXICON PUNCTATUM; NOTHOFAGUS OBLIQUA;

EID: 33745923215     PISSN: 03781127     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/j.foreco.2006.04.037     Document Type: Article

References (60)

1. Alvarez, M., 1982. Análisis de la estructura y dinámica de los bosques vírgenes y alterados en el fundo San Martín. Tesis Ingeniero Forestal, Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia, Chile, 114 pp.
2. Andersen M. Spatial analysis of two-species interactions. Oecologia 91 1 (1992) 134-140
3. Barasorda, M., 1977. Estudio de distribución horizontal y densidad en bosques de Nothofagus glauca (Phil.) Krasser. Tesis Ingeniero Forestal, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile, 37 pp.
4. Besag J. Contribution to the discussion of Dr. Ripley's paper. J. R. Stat. Soc. B 39 2 (1977) 193-195
5. Besag J., and Diggle P.J. Simple Monte Carlo test for spatial pattern. Appl. Stat. 26 3 (1977) 327-333
6. Clark P., and Evans E. Distance to nearest neighbor as a measure of spatial relationships in populations. Ecology 35 4 (1954) 445-453
7. Condes S., and Martinez J. Comparación entre los índices de distribución espacial de árboles más usados en el ámbito forestal. Investigación Agraria: Sistemas y Recursos Forestales 7 1-2 (1998) 173-187
8. Diggle P.J. Statistical Analysis of Spatial Point Patterns (1983), Academic Press, London, England 148 pp
9. Donoso C. Ecología Forestal. El Bosque y su Medio Ambiente. fourth ed (1994), Editorial Universitaria, Santiago, Chile 369 pp
10. Donoso C. Bosques Templados de Chile y Argentina. Variación, Estructura y Dinámica. third ed (1995), Editorial Universitaria, Santiago, Chile 484 pp
11. Donoso P., Donoso C., and Sandoval V. Proposición de zonas de crecimiento de renovales de roble (Nothofagus obliqua) y raulí (Nothofagus alpina) en su rango de distribución natural. Bosque 14 2 (1993) 37-55
12. Duncan R.P., and Stewart G.H. The temporal and spatial analysis of tree age distributions. Can. J. Forest Res. 21 12 (1991) 1703-1710
13. Figueroa J.A., and Lusk C.H. Germination requirements and seedling shade tolerance are not correlated in a Chilean temperate rain forest. New Phytol. 152 3 (2001) 483-489
14. Fisher R.A., Thornton H.G., and Mackenzie W.A. The accuracy of the plating method of estimating the density of bacterial populations, with particular reference to the use of Thornton's agar medium with soil samples. Ann. Appl. Biol. 9 (1922) 325-359
15. Frank D. Umweltauswirkungen des Landnutzungswandels in der IX. Region Chiles: Untersuchung von Waldökosystemen und forstlichen Monokulturen am Beispiel der Umgebung Temucos (1998), Mensch und Buch Verlag, Berlin, Germany 222 pp
16. Frank D., and Finckh M. Laurophyllisation of deciduous Nothofagus-forest in southern Chile. In: Klötzly F., and Walther F. (Eds). Recent Shifts in Vegetation Boundaries of Deciduous Forest (1998), Birkhäuser Verlag, Basel, Germany 317-331
17. Franklin J.F., Shugart H.H., and Harmon M.E. Tree death as an ecological process. BioScience 37 8 (1987) 550-556
18. Franklin J.F., Spies T.A., Van Pelt R., Carey A.B., Thornburgh D.A., Rae berg D., Lindenmayer D.B., Harmon M.E., Keeton W.S., Shaw D.C., Bible K., and Chen J. Disturbances and structural development of natural forest ecosystems with silvicultural implications, using Douglas-fir forests as an example. Forest Ecol. Manage. 155 1-3 (2002) 399-423
19. García O. What is a diameter distribution?. In: Minowa M., and Tsuyuki S. (Eds). Proceedings of the Symposium on Integrated Forest Management Information Systems (1992), Japan Society of Forest Planning Press, Tsukuba, Japan 11-29
20. Greig-Smith P. The use of random and contiguous quadrats in the study of structure in plant communities. Ann. Bot. 16 2 (1952) 293-316
21. Gutiérrez, A., 2002. Aplicación de una metodología dendroecológica en un rodal del tipo forestal siempreverde en la isla grande de Chiloé. Tesis Ingeniero Forestal, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile, 57 pp.
22. Haase P. Spatial pattern in ecology based on Ripley's K-function: introduction and methods of edge correction. J. Vegetation Sci. 6 4 (1995) 575-582
23. Haase P. Can isotropy vs. anisotropy in the spatial association of plant species resolve physical vs. biotic facilitation?. J. Vegetation Sci. 12 1 (2001) 127-136
24. Hanus M.L., Hann D.W., and Marshall D.D. Reconstructing the spatial pattern of trees from routine stand examination measurements. Forest Sci. 44 1 (1998) 125-133
25. LeMay, V.M., Staudhammer, C. Indices of stand structural diversity: mixing discrete, continuous, and spatial variables, extended abstract. In: Proceedings of the IUFRO Sustainable Forestry in Theory and Practice: Recent Advances in Inventory & Monitoring, Statistics, Information & Knowledge Management, and Policy Science Conference. Edinburgh, Scotland, 4 pp., in press.
26. Liebhold A.M., and Gurevitch J. Integrating the statistical analysis of spatial data in ecology. Ecography 25 5 (2002) 553-557
27. Lotwick H.W., and Silverman B.W. Methods for analysing spatial processes of several types of points. J. R. Stat. Soc. B 44 3 (1982) 406-413
28. Lusk C.H., and Ortega A. Vertical structure and basal area development in second-growth Nothofagus stands in Chile. J. Appl. Ecol. 40 4 (2003) 639-645
29. Martin, M., 1995. Análisis de la distribución espacial en renovales de roble (Nothofagus obliqua (Mirb) (Oerst)) y raulí (Nothofagus alpina (Poepp et Endl)) en la zona de Malleco. Tesis Ingeniero Forestal, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile, 82 pp.
30. Moeur M. Characterizing spatial patterns of trees using stem-mapped data. Forest Sci. 39 4 (1993) 756-775
31. Morales, R., 1981. Estudio de intervenciones en un bosque tipo Coigüe según su estructura y distribución horizontal. Tesis Ingeniero Forestal, Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia, Chile, 85 pp.
32. Morisita M. A new method for the estimation of the spacing method applicable to non-randomly distributed population. Physiol. Ecol. 7 4 (1957) 215-235 (in Japanese, available as Forest Service Traduction 11116, USDA Forest Service)
33. Muñoz M., Núñez H., and Yáñez J. Libro rojo de los sitios prioritarios para la conservación de la biodiversidad biológica en Chile (1996), Corporación Nacional Forestal, Santiago, Chile 203 pp
34. North M., Chen J., Oakley B., Song B., Rudnicki M., Gray A., and Innes J. Forest stand structure and pattern of old-growth western hemlock/Douglas-fir and mixed-conifer forests. Forest Sci. 50 3 (2004) 299-311
35. Oberdorfer J. Pflanzensoziologishe Studien in Chile; Ein Vergleich mit Europa. Flora et Vegetatio Mundi II (1960), Verlag Von J. Cramer, Weinheim, Germany 208 pp
36. Payandeh B. Comparison of methods for assessing spatial distributions of trees. Forest Sci. 16 3 (1970) 312-317
37. Peters, H., 1985. Estudio de distanciamiento para tres bosques nativos del género Nothofagus. Tesis Ingeniero Forestal, Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia, Chile, 107 pp.
38. Pielou E. Mathematical Ecology (1977), John Wiley & Sons 386 pp
39. Pielou E.C. The use of point to plant distances in the study of the pattern of plant populations. J. Ecol. 47 3 (1959) 607-613
40. Ramírez C., Hauenstein E., San Martin J., and Contreras D. Study of the flora of Rucamanque, Cautín province, Chile. Ann. Missouri Bot. Gardens 76 2 (1989) 444-453
41. Ramírez C., San Martin J., Hauenstein E., and Contreras D. Estudio fitosociológico de la vegetación de Rucamanque (Cautín, Chile). Stvdia Bot. 8 (1989) 91-115
42. Ripley B.D. The second-order analysis of stationary processes. J. Appl. Prob. 13 2 (1976) 255-266
43. Ripley B.D. Modelling spatial patterns. J. R. Stat. Soc. B 39 2 (1977) 172-212 (with discussion)
44. Ripley B.D. Test of randomness for spatial point patterns. J. R. Stat. Soc. B 41 3 (1979) 368-374
45. Ripley B.D. Spatial Statistics (1981), John Wiley & Sons 252 pp
46. Salas C. Caracterización básica del relicto de biodiversidad Rucamanque. Bosque Nativo 29 (2001) 3-9
47. Salas C. Ajuste y validación de ecuaciones de volumen para un relicto del bosque de roble-laurel-lingue. Bosque 23 2 (2002) 81-92
48. Salas C., and García O. Modelling height development of mature Nothofagus oblique. Forest Ecol. Manage. 229 1-3 (2006) 1-6
49. Schmithüsen J. Die rümliche ordnung der chilenischen vegetation. Bonner Geographische Abhandlungen 17 (1956) 1-89
50. Spiering D.J., and Knight R.L. Snag density and use by cavity-nesting birds in managed stands of the black hills national forest. Forest Ecol. Manage. 214 1-3 (2005) 40-52
51. Staudhammer C., and LeMay V.M. Introduction and evaluation of possible indices of stand structural diversity. Can. J. Forest Res. 31 7 (2001) 1105-1115
52. Tomppo E. Models and methods for analysing spatial patterns of trees. Communicationes Instituti Forestalis Fenniae, vol. 138 (1986), The Finnish Forest Research Institute, Helsinki, Finland 65 pp
53. van Laar A., and Akça A. Forest Mensuration (1997), Cuvillier Verlag, Göttingen, Germany 418 pp
54. Van Pelt R., and Franklin J.F. Influence of canopy structure on the understory environment in tall, old-growth, conifer forests. Can. J. Forest Res. 30 8 (2000) 1231-1245
55. Veblen T.T., Ashton D.H., and Schlegel F.M. Tree regeneration strategies in a lowland Nothofagus-dominated forest in south-central Chile. J. Biogeogr. 6 4 (1979) 329-340
56. Veblen T.T., Donoso C., Kitzberger T., and Rebertus A.J. Ecology of southern Chilean and Argentinean Nothofagus forests. In: Veblen T.T., Hill R.S., and Read J. (Eds). The Ecology and Biogeography of Nothofagus Forests (1996), Yale University Press, New Haven/London 293-353
57. Veblen T.T., Donoso C., Schlegel F.M., and Escobar B. Forest dynamics in south-central Chile. J. Biogeogr. 8 3 (1981) 211-247
58. Veblen T.T., and Schlegel F.M. Reseña ecológica de los bosques del sur de Chile. Bosque 4 2 (1982) 73-115
59. Veblen T.T., Schlegel F.M., and Escobar B. Structure and dynamics of old-growth Nothofagus forests in the Valdivian Andes, Chile. J. Ecol. 68 1 (1980) 1-31
60. Villegas P., Le Quesne C., and Lusk C.H. Estructura y dinámica de una población de Gomortea keule (Mol.) Baillon en un rodal antiguo de bosque Valdiviano, Cordillera de Nahuelbuta, Chile. Gayana Botánica 60 2 (2003) 107-113