Ultrasonography of the Lower Extremity

Orthopedic Clinics of North America

Volumn 37, Issue 3, 2006, Pages 245-275

  Finlay, Karen ^a   Friedman, Lawrence ^a  

^a HENDERSON GENERAL HOSPITAL   (Canada)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

ACHILLES TENDON; ANKLE INJURY; ARTHROPATHY; ASPIRATION; BURSITIS; CARTILAGE; CLINICAL FEATURE; CORTICAL BONE; DIAGNOSTIC IMAGING; ECHOGRAPHY; FIBROMA; HIP; HIP ARTHROPLASTY; HIP DISEASE; HIP DYSPLASIA; HUMAN; INNERVATION; JOINT EFFUSION; KNEE CRUCIATE LIGAMENT; KNEE DISEASE; KNEE MENISCUS RUPTURE; LEG MUSCLE; LIGAMENT; LIGAMENT INJURY; METATARSALGIA; MUSCLE STRAIN; NUCLEAR MAGNETIC RESONANCE IMAGING; PATELLA TENDON; PLANTAR FASCIITIS; POPLITEAL CYST; POSTOPERATIVE COMPLICATION; PRIORITY JOURNAL; QUADRICEPS FEMORIS MUSCLE; REVIEW; SPORT INJURY; SYNOVITIS; TENDON; TENDON DISEASE; TENDON RUPTURE; TENOSYNOVITIS; TREATMENT INDICATION;

BURSITIS; CALCINOSIS; HUMANS; LOWER EXTREMITY; MEDIAL COLLATERAL LIGAMENT, KNEE; MUSCULOSKELETAL DISEASES; MUSCULOSKELETAL SYSTEM; PERIPHERAL NERVES; RUPTURE; WOUNDS AND INJURIES;

EID: 33745916766     PISSN: 00305898     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/j.ocl.2006.03.002     Document Type: Review

References (76)

1. Weng L., Tirumalai A.P., Lowery C.M., et al. US extended field-of-view imaging technology. Radiology 203 (1997) 877-880
2. Barberie J.E., Wong A.D., Cooperberg P.L., et al. Extended field-of-view sonography in musculoskeletal disorders. Am J Roentgenol 171 (1998) 751-757
3. Newman J.S., Adler R.S., Bude R.O., et al. Detection of soft-tissue hyperemia: value of power Doppler sonography. Am J Roentgenol 163 (1994) 385-389
4. Fornage B.B.D. Ultrasonography of muscles and tendons. Examination and technique and atlas of normal anatomy of the extremities (1988), Springer-Verlag, New York
5. van Holsbeeck M.T., and Introcaso J.H. Sonography of muscle. In: van Holsbeeck M., and Introcaso J.H. (Eds). Musculoskeletal ultrasound (2001), Mosby, St. Louis 23-75
6. Fornage B.D., and Rifkin M.D. Ultrasound examination of tendons. Radiol Clin North Am 26 (1988) 87-107
7. Martinoli C., Derchi L.E., Pastorino, et al. Analysis of echotexture of tendons with US. Radiology 186 (1993) 839-843
8. Bouffard J.A., Eyler W.R., Introcase J.H., et al. Sonography of tendons. Ultrasound Quart 11 (1993) 259-286
9. van Holsbeeck M.T., and Introcaso J.H. Sonography of ligaments. In: van Holsbeeck M., and Introcaso J.H. (Eds). Musculoskeletal ultrasound (2001), Mosby, St. Louis 171-192
10. Silvestri E., Martinoli C., Derchi L.E., et al. Echotexture of peripheral nerves: correlation between US and histological findings and criteria to differentiate tendons. Radiology 197 (1995) 291-296
11. van Holsbeeck M.T., and Introcaso J.H. Sonography of the dermis, hypodermis, periosteum, and bone. In: van Holsbeeck M., and Introcaso J.H. (Eds). Musculoskeletal ultrasound (2001), Mosby, St. Louis 325-371
12. Cho K., Bouffard J.A., Chhem R.K., et al. Current clinical applications of ultrasound to bone lesions in the extremities. J Korean Soc Med Ultrasound 16 (1997) 95-104
13. Sarazin L., Bonaldi V., Papadatos D., et al. Correlative imaging and pattern approach in ultrasonography of bone lesions: a pictorial essay. Can Assoc Radiol J 47 (1996) 423-430
14. Harcke H.T., and Grissom L.E. Pediatric hip sonography. Diagnosis and differential diagnosis. Radiol Clin North Am 37 4 (1999) 787-796
15. Cho K.H., Park B.H., and Yeon K.M. Ultrasound of the adult hip. Semin Ultrasound CT MR 21 (2000) 214-230
16. Chan Y.L., Cheng J.C., and Metreweli C. Sonographic evaluation of hip effusion in children. Improved visualization with the hip in extension and abduction. Acta Radiol 38 (1997) 867-869
17. Berman L., Fink A.M., Wilson D., et al. Technical note: identifying and aspirating hip effusions. Br J Radiol 68 (1995) 306-310
18. Zeiger M.M., Dorr U., and Schulz R.D. Ultrasonography of hip joint effusions. Skeletal Radiol 16 (1987) 607-611
19. Koski J.M., Anttila P.J., and Isomaki H.A. Ultrasonography of the adult hip joint. Scand J Rheumatol 18 (1989) 113-117
20. Shiv V.K., Jain A.K., Taneja K., et al. Sonography of hip joint in infective arthritis. Can Assoc Radiol J 41 (1990) 76-78
21. Frankel D.A., Bargiela A., Bouffard J.A., et al. Synovial joints: evaluation of intraarticular bodies with US. Radiology 206 (1998) 41-44
22. Meaney J.F., Cassar-Pullicino V.N., Etherington R., et al. Ilio-psoas bursa enlargement. Clin Radiol 45 (1992) 161-168
23. Fessell D.P., and van Holsbeeck M.T. Sonography of the hip. In: van Holsbeeck M., and Introcaso J.H. (Eds). Musculoskeletal ultrasound (2001), Mosby, St. Louis 573-586
24. Swartout R., and Compere E.L. Ischiogluteal bursitis: the pain in the arse. JAMA 227 (1974) 551-552
25. Kalebo P., Sward L., Karlsson J., et al. Ultrasonography in the detection of partial patellar ligament ruptures (jumper's knee). Skeletal Radiol 20 (1991) 285-289
26. Holt P.D., and Keats T.E. Calcific tendonitis: a review of the usual and unusual. Skeletal Radiol 22 (1993) 1-9
27. Sarker J.S., Haddad F.S., Crean S.V., et al. Acute calcific tendonitis of the rectus femoris. J Bone Joint Surg [Br] 78 (1996) 814-816
28. Pelsser V., Cardinal E., Hobden R., et al. Extraarticular snapping hip: sonographic findings. Am J Roentgenol 176 (2001) 67-73
29. Cardinal E., Buckwalter K.A., Capello W.N., et al. US of the snapping iliopsoas tendon. Radiology 198 (1996) 521-522
30. Janzen D.L., Partridge E., Logan P.M., et al. The snapping hip: clinical and imaging findings in transient subluxation of the iliopsoas tendon. Can Assoc Radiol J 47 (1996) 202-208
31. Howse A.J. Orthopaedists aid ballet. Clin Orthop 89 (1972) 52-63
32. Gibbon W.W., Long G., Barron D.A., et al. Complications of orthopedic implants: sonographic evaluation. J Clin Ultrasound 30 (2002) 288-299
33. van Holsbeeck M.T., Eyler W.R., Sherman L.S., et al. Detection of infection in loosened hip prosthesis: efficacy of sonography. Am J Roentgenol 163 (1994) 381-384
34. Adam R., Hendry G.M., Moss J., et al. Arthrosonography of the irritable hip in childhood: a review of 1 year's experience. Br J Radiol 59 (1986) 205-208
35. Peck J. Ultrasound of the painful hip in children. Br J Radiol 59 (1986) 205-208
36. Fornage B.D., Touche D.H., Segal P., et al. Ultrasonography in the evaluation of muscular trauma. J Ultrasound Med 2 (1983) 549-554
37. Temple H.T., Kuklo T.R., Sweet D.E., et al. Rectus femoris muscle tear appearing as a pseudotumor. Am J Sport Med 26 (1998) 544-548
38. Strome G.M., Bouffard J.A., and van Holsbeech M. Knee. Clin Diagn Ultrasound 30 (1995) 201-219
39. Bouffard J.A., and Dhanju J. Ultrasonography of the knee. Semin Musculoskeletal Radiol 2 (1998) 245-270
40. Friedman L., Finlay K., and Jurriaans E. Ultrasound of the knee. Skeletal Radiol 30 (2001) 361-377
41. Finlay K., and Probyn L. Ultrasonography of lumps and bumps. Can Assoc Radiol J 53 (2002) 39-49
42. van Holsbeeck M.T., and Introcaso J.H. Sonography of large synovial joints. In: van Holsbeeck M., and Introcaso J.H. (Eds). Musculoskeletal ultrasound (2001), Mosby, St. Louis 235-275
43. van Holsbeeck M., van Holsbeeck K., Gevers G., et al. Staging and followup of rheumatoid arthritis of the knee. Comparison of sonography, thermography and clinical assessment. J Ultrasound Med 7 (1988) 561-566
44. Wakefield R.J., Gibbon W.W., Conaghan P.G., et al. The value of sonography in the detection of bone erosions in patients with rheumatoid arthritis: a comparison with conventional radiography. Arthritis Rheum 43 (2000) 2762-2770
45. Wang S.C., Chhem R.K., Cardinal E., et al. Joint sonography. Radiol Clin North Am 37 (1999) 653-668
46. Ward E.E., Jacobson J.A., Fessell, et al. Sonographic detection of Baker's cysts: comparison with MR imaging. Am J Roentgenol 176 (2001) 373-380
47. Helbich T.H., Breitenscher M., Trattnig S., et al. Sonographic variants of popliteal cysts. J Clin Ultrasound 26 (1998) 171-176
48. Chhem R.K., and van Holsbeeck M.T. Sonography of rheumatoid disease. In: van Holsbeeck M., and Introcaso J.H. (Eds). Musculoskeletal ultrasound (2001), Mosby, St. Louis 373-392
49. Seymour R., and Lloyd D.C. Sonographic appearances of meniscal cysts. J Clin Ultrasound 26 (1998) 15-20
50. Bianchi S., Zwass A., Abdelwahab I.F., et al. Sonographic evaluation of intramuscular ganglia. Clin Radiol 50 (1995) 235-236
51. Jong I.L., Song I.S., Jung Y.B., et al. Medial collateral ligament injuries of the knee: ultrasonographic findings. J Ultrasound Med 15 (1996) 621-625
52. Ptasznik R., Feller J., Bartlett J., et al. Value of sonography in the diagnosis of traumatic rupture of the anterior cruciate ligament of the knee. Am J Roentgenol 164 (1995) 1461-1463
53. Cho K.H., Lee D.C., Chhem R.K., et al. Normal and acutely torn posterior cruciate ligament of the knee at US evaluation: preliminary experience. Radiology 219 (2001) 375-380
54. Blankstein A., Cohan I., Heim M., et al. Ultrasonography as a diagnostic modality in Osgood-Schlatter disease. A clinical study and review of the literature. Arch Orthop Trauma Surg 121 (2001) 563-569
55. Lanning P., and Heikkinen E. Ultrasonic features of the Osgood-Schlatter lesion. J Pediatr Orthop 11 (1991) 538-540
56. Kalebo P., Larlsson J., Swaerd L., et al. Ultrasonography of chronic tendon injuries in the groin. Am J Sports Med 20 (1992) 634-639
57. Rawool N.M., and Nazarian L.N. Ultrasound of the ankle and foot. Semin Ultrasound CT MRI 21 (2000) 275-284
58. Fessell D.P., Vanderschueren G.H., Jacobson J., et al. US of the ankle: technique, anatomy and diagnosis of pathologic conditions. Radiographics 18 (1998) 325-340
59. Nazarian N.L., Rawool N.M., Martin C.E., et al. Synovial fluid in the hindfoot and ankle: detection of amount and distribution with US. Radiology 197 (1995) 275-278
60. Fessell D.P., and van Holsbeeck M. Sonography of the ankle and foot. In: van Holsbeeck M., and Introcaso J.H. (Eds). Musculoskeletal ultrasound (2001), Mosby, St. Louis 605-624
61. Galluzzo E., Lischi D.M., Taglione E., et al. Sonographic analysis of the ankle in patients with psoriatic arthritis. Scand J Rheumatol 29 (2000) 52-55
62. Fornage B.D. Achilles tendon: ultrasound examination. Radiology 159 (1986) 769-776
63. Hartgerink P., Fessell D., Jacobson J., et al. Full- versus partial-thickness Achilles tendon tears: sonographic accuracy and characterization in 26 cases with surgical correlation. Radiology 220 (2001) 406-412
64. Scheller A.D., Kasser J.R., and Quigley T.B. Tendon injuries about the ankle. Orthop Clin North Am 11 (1980) 801-811
65. Thermann H., Hoffman R., Zwipp, et al. The use of ultrasound in the foot and ankle. Foot Ankle Surg 13 (1992) 386-390
66. Johnson K. Tibialis posterior tendon rupture. Clin Orthop 177 (1983) 140-147
67. Cheung Y., Rosenberg Z.S., Magee T., et al. Normal anatomy and pathologic conditions of ankle tendons: current imaging techniques. Radiographics 12 (1992) 429-444
68. Church C.C. Radiographic diagnosis of acute peroneal tendon dislocation. Am J Roentgenol 129 (1977) 1065-1068
69. Sammarco G.J. Peroneal tendon injuries. Orthop Clin North Am 25 (1994) 135-145
70. Milz P., Milz S., Putz R., et al. 13 MHz high-frequency sonography of the lateral ankle joint ligaments and the talofibular syndesmosis in anatomic specimens. J Ultrasound Med 15 (1996) 277-284
71. Cardinal E., Chhem R.K., and Beauregard C.G. Plantar fasciitis: sonographic evaluation. Radiology 201 (1996) 257-259
72. Gibbon W., and Long G. Plantar fasciitis: ultrasound evaluation. Radiology 203 (1997) 290
73. Sobiesk G.A., Wertheimer S.J., Schulz R., et al. Sonographic evaluation of interdigital neuromas. J Foot Ankle Surg 36 (1997) 364-366
74. Pollack R.A., Bellacosa R.A., Dornbluth N.C., et al. Sonographic evaluation of Morton's neuroma. J Foot Surg 31 (1992) 534-537
75. Redd R.A., Peters V.J., Emery S.F., et al. Morton's neuroma: sonographic evaluation. Radiology 171 (1998) 415-417
76. Quinn T.J., Jacobson J.A., Craig J.G., et al. Sonography of Morton's neuromas. Am J Roentgenol 174 (2000) 1723-1728