Effect of total mixed ration composition on fermentation and efficiency of ruminal microbial crude protein synthesis in vitro

Journal of Dairy Science

Volumn 89, Issue 5, 2006, Pages 1580-1591

  Boguhn, J ^a   Kluth, H ^a   Rodehutscord, M ^a  

^a MARTIN LUTHER UNIVERSITY HALLE WITTENBERG   (Germany)

Author keywords

Efficiency; Fermentation; Microbial yield; Rusitec

Indexed keywords

BOS TAURUS; ZEA MAYS;

BACTERIAL PROTEIN; NITROGEN;

ALFALFA; ANIMAL; ANIMAL FOOD; ARTICLE; BEET; BIOSYNTHESIS; CALORIC INTAKE; CATTLE; DIET; DIETARY FIBER; DIGESTION; ENERGY METABOLISM; FAT INTAKE; FEMALE; FERMENTATION; LACTATION; MAIZE; MICROBIOLOGY; MILK; POACEAE; PROTEIN INTAKE; PROTEIN SYNTHESIS; REGRESSION ANALYSIS; RUMINANT STOMACH; SILAGE;

ANIMAL FEED; ANIMALS; BACTERIAL PROTEINS; BETA VULGARIS; CATTLE; DIET; DIETARY FATS; DIETARY FIBER; DIETARY PROTEINS; DIGESTION; ENERGY INTAKE; ENERGY METABOLISM; FEMALE; FERMENTATION; LACTATION; MEDICAGO SATIVA; MILK; NITROGEN ISOTOPES; POACEAE; PROTEIN BIOSYNTHESIS; REGRESSION ANALYSIS; RUMEN; SILAGE; ZEA MAYS;

EID: 33745908594     PISSN: 00220302     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.3168/jds.S0022-0302(06)72225-1     Document Type: Article

References (72)

1. Abel, H., G. Coenen, and I. Immig. 1990. Investigations on the effects of fat and starch supplementations on microbial metabolism in a rumen simulation system RUSITEC. J. Anim. Physiol. Anim. Nutr. 64:62-73.
2. Aldrich, J. M., L. D. Muller, and G. A. Varga. 1993. Nonstructural carbohydrate and protein effects on rumen fermentation, nutrient flow, and performance of dairy cows. J. Dairy Sci. 76:1091-1105.
3. Argyle, J. L., and R. L. Baldwin. 1989. Effects of amino acids and peptides on rumen microbial growth yields. J. Dairy Sci. 72:2017-2027.
4. Armstrong, D. G. 1980. Net efficiences (in vivo) of microbial N synthesis in ruminant livestock. Pages 400-413 in Proc. 3rd EAAP Symp. Protein Metabolism and Nutrition, Braunschweig. EAAP Publication No. 27. H. J. Oslage and K. Rohr, ed. Institut für Tierernährung, FAL, Braunschweig-Völkenrode, Germany.
5. Atasoglu, C., A. Y. Guliye, and R. J. Wallace. 2004. Use of stable isotopes to measure de novo synthesis and turnover of amino acid-C and -N in mixed micro-organisms from the sheep rumen in vitro. Br. J. Nutr. 91:253-261.
6. Atasoglu, C., C. J. Newbold, and R. J. Wallace. 2001. Incorporation of [15N] ammonia by the cellulolytic ruminal bacteria Fibrobacter succinogenes BL2, Ruminococcus albus SY3, and Ruminococcus flavefaciens 17. Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 67:2819-2822.
7. Ausschuss für Bedarfsnormen. 1991. Leitlinien für die Bestimmung der Verdaulichkeit von Rohnährstoffen an Wiederkäuern. J. Anim. Physiol. Anim. Nutr. 65:229-234.
8. Bach, A., I. K. Yoon, M. D. Stern, H. G. Jung, and H. Chester-Jones. 1999. Effects of type of carbohydrate supplementation to lush pasture on microbial fermentation in continuous culture. J. Dairy Sci. 82:153-160.
9. Boguhn, J., H. Kluth, O. Steinhöfel, M. Peterhänsel, and M. Rodehutscord. 2003. Nutrient digestibility and prediction of metabolizable energy in total mixed rations for ruminants. Arch. Anim. Nutr. 57:253-266.
10. Brandt, M., and K. Rohr. 1981. Beiträge zur Quantifizierung der N-Umsetzungen in den Vormägen von Milchkühen 1. Mitteilung: Bestimmung des Mikrobenstickstoffs im Duodenalchymus mit Hilfe von 15N. Z. Tierphysiol. Tierernahr. Futtermittelkd. 46:39-48.
11. Broderick, G. A., and N. R. Merchen. 1992. Markers for quantifying microbial protein synthesis in the rumen. J. Dairy Sci. 75:2618-2632.
12. Bulang, M., J. Boguhn, T. Engelhard, H. Kluth, and M. Rodehutscord. 2004. Studies with alfalfa silage as a forage source for high yielding dairy cows. Proc. Soc. Nutr. Physiol. 13:96. (Abstr.)
13. Calsamiglia, S., A. Ferret, and M. Devant. 2002. Effects of pH and pH fluctuations on microbial fermentation and nutrient flow from a dual-flow continuous culture system. J. Dairy Sci. 85:574-579.
14. Calsamiglia, S., M. D. Stern, and J. L. Firkins. 1995. Effects of protein source on nitrogen metabolism in continuous culture and intestinal digestion in vitro. J. Anim. Sci. 73:1819-1827.
15. Calsamiglia, S., M. D. Stern, and J. L. Firkins. 1996. Comparison of nitrogen-15 and purines as microbial markers in continuous culture. J. Anim. Sci. 74:1375-1381.
16. Carro, M. D., P. Lebzien, and K. Rohr. 1995. Effects of pore size of nylon bags and dilution rate on fermentation parameters in a semi-continuous artificial rumen. Small Rumin. Res. 15:113-119.
17. Carro, M. D., and E. L. Miller. 1999. Effect of supplementing a fibre basal diet with different nitrogen forms on ruminal fermentation and microbial growth in an in vitro semi-continuous culture system (RUSITEC). Br. J. Nutr. 82:149-157.
18. Carro, M. D., and E. L. Miller. 2002. Comparison of microbial markers (15N and purine bases) and bacterial isolates for the estimation of rumen microbial protein synthesis. Anim. Sci. 75:315-321.
19. Chamberlain, D. G., and P. C. Thomas. 1979. Ruminal nitrogen metabolism and the passage of amino acids to the duodenum in sheep receiving diets containing hay and concentrates in various proportions. J. Sci. Food Agric. 30:677-686.
20. Clark, J. H. 1975. Lactational responses to postruminal administration of protein and amino acids. J. Dairy Sci. 58:1178-1197.
21. Coenen, M. 1996. Mischrationen, Total mixed ration, eine Fütterungstechnik aus tierärztlicher Sicht. Übers. Tierernährg. 24:118-128.
22. Colombatto, D., G. Hervás, W. Z. Yang, and K. A. Beauchemin. 2003. Effects of enzyme supplementation of a total mixed ration on microbial fermentation in continuous culture, maintained at high and low pH. J. Anim. Sci. 81:2617-2627.
23. Czerkawski, J. W., and G. Breckenridge. 1977. Design and development of a long-term rumen simulation technique (Rusitec). Br. J. Nutr. 38:371-384.
24. Czerkawski, J. W., and G. Breckenridge. 1985. Metabolism of protein supplements studied by rumen simulation technique (Rusitec). Arch. Tierern. 35:261-277.
25. Demeyer, D., and V. Fievez. 2004. Invited commentary: Is the synthesis of rumen bacterial protein limited by the availability of preformed amino acids and/or peptides? Br. J. Nutr. 91:175-176.
26. Doreau, M., F. Legay, and D. Bauchart. 1991. Effect of source and level of supplemental fat on total and ruminal organic matter and nitrogen digestion in dairy cows. J. Dairy Sci. 74:2233-2242.
27. Gesellschaft für Ernährungsphysiologie. 1995. Mitteilungen des Ausschusses für Bedarfsnormen: Zur Energiebewertung beim Wiederkäuer. Proc. Soc. Nutr. Physiol. 4:121-123.
28. Gesellschaft für Ernährungsphysiologie. 2001. Empfehlungen zur Energie- und Nährstoffversorgung der Milchkühe und Aufzuchtrinder. DLG Verlags GmbH, Frankfurt/Main, Germany.
29. Givens, D. I., and H. Rulquin. 2004. Utilisation by ruminants of nitrogen compounds in silage-based diets. Anim. Feed Sci. Technol. 114:1-18.
30. Gizzi, G., R. Zanchi, and F. Sciaraffia. 1998. Comparison of microbiological and fermentation parameters obtained with an improved rumen in vitro technique with those obtained in vivo. Anim. Feed Sci. Technol. 73:291-305.
31. Grant, R. J., and S. J. Weidner. 1992. Digestion kinetics of fiber: Influence of in vitro buffer pH varied within observed physiological range. J. Dairy Sci. 75:1060-1068.
32. Griswold, K. E., W. H. Hoover, T. K. Miller, and W. V. Thayne. 1996. Effect of form of nitrogen on growth of ruminal microbes in continuous culture. J. Anim. Sci. 74:483-491.
33. Hannah, S. M., M. D. Stern, and F. R. Ehle. 1986. Evaluation of a dual flow continuous culture system for estimating bacterial fermentation in vivo of mixed diets containing various soya bean products. Anim. Feed Sci. Technol. 16:51-62.
34. Herrera-Saldana, R., R. Gomez-Alarcon, M. Torabi, and J. T. Huber. 1990. Influence of synchronizing protein and starch degradation in the rumen on nutrient utilization and microbial protein synthesis. J. Dairy Sci. 73:142-148.
35. Hespell, R. B., and M. P. Bryant. 1979. Efficiency of rumen microbial growth: Influence of some theoretical and experimental factors on Y ATP. J. Anim. Sci. 49:1640-1659.
36. Hoover, W. H., and S. R. Stokes. 1991. Balancing carbohydrates and protein for optimum rumen microbial yield. J. Dairy Sci. 74:3630-3644.
37. Hristov, A. N., and G. A. Broderick. 1996. Synthesis of microbial protein in ruminally cannulated cows fed alfalfa silage, alfalfa hay, or corn silage. J. Dairy Sci. 79:1627-1637.
38. Jenkins, T. C., and N. Fotouhi. 1990. Effects of lecithin and corn oil on site of digestion, ruminal fermentation and microbial protein synthesis in sheep. J. Anim. Sci. 68:460-466.
39. Kajikawa, H., M. Mitsumori, and S. Ohmomo. 2002. Stimulatory and inhibitory effects of protein amino acids on growth rate and efficiency of mixed ruminal bacteria. J. Dairy Sci. 85:2015-2022.
40. Kang-Meznarich, J. H., and G. A. Broderick. 1981. Effects of incremental urea supplementation on ruminal ammonia concentration and bacterial protein formation. J. Anim. Sci. 51:422-431.
41. Kluth, H., T. Engelhard, and M. Rodehutscord. 2005. Zum Ersatz von Sojaextraktionsschrot durch Rapsextraktionsschrot in der Fütterung der Hochleistungskuh. Züchtungskunde. 77:58-70.
42. Kluth, H., M. Gabel, J. Voigt, and U. Schönhusen. 2000. The use of endogenous nitrogen for microbial crude protein synthesis in the rumen of growing bulls. J. Anim. Physiol. Anim. Nutr. 84:136-147.
43. Madsen, J., and T. Hvelplund. 1988. The influence of different protein supply and feeding level on pH, ammonia concentration and microbial protein synthesis in the rumen of cows. Acta Agric. Scand. 38:115-125.
44. Maeng, W. J., C. J. van Nevel, R. L. Baldwin, and J. G. Morris. 1975. Rumen microbial growth rates and yields: Effect of amino acids and protein. J. Dairy Sci. 59:68-79.
45. Mansfield, H. R., M. I. Endres, and M. D. Stern. 1994. Influence of non-fibrous carbohydrate and degradable intake protein on fermentation by ruminal microorganisms in continuous culture. J. Anim. Sci. 72:2464-2474.
46. Mansfield, H. R., M. I. Endres, and M. D. Stern. 1995. Comparison of microbial fermentation in the rumen of dairy cows and dual flow continuous culture. Anim. Feed Sci. Technol. 55:47-66.
47. McDougall, E. I. 1948. Studies on ruminant saliva. 1. The composition and output of sheep's saliva. Biochem. J. 43:99-109.
48. Minato, H., and T. Suto. 1978. Technique for fractionation of bacteria in rumen microbial ecosystem. II. Attachment of bacteria isolated from bovine rumen to cellulose powder in vitro and elution of bacteria attached therefrom. J. Gen. Appl. Microbiol. 24:1-16.
49. Naumann, C., and R. Bassler. 1976. VDLUFA-Methodenbuch, Vol. III. Die chemische Untersuchung von Futtermitteln. Loose leaflet collection with supplements from 1983, 1988, 1993, and 1997. VDLUFA-Verlag, Darmstadt, Germany.
50. NRC. 2001. Protein and amino acids. Pages 43-104 in Nutrient Requirements of Dairy Cattle. Natl. Acad. Press, Washington, DC.
51. Okorie, A. U., P. J. Buttery, and D. Lewis. 1977. Ammonia concentration and protein synthesis in the rumen. Proc. Nutr. Soc. 36:38A.
52. Palmquist, D. L., and T. C. Jenkins. 1980. Fat in lactation rations: A review. J. Dairy Sci. 63:1-14.
53. Petri, A., H. Müschen, G. Breves, O. Richter, and E. Pfeffer. 1988. Response of lactating goats to low phosphorus intake. 2. Nitrogen transfer from rumen ammonia to rumen microbes and proportion of milk protein derived from microbial amino acids. J. Agric. Sci. (Camb.) 111:265-271.
54. Pilgrim, A, F., F. V. Gray, R. A. Weller, and C. B. Belling. 1970. Synthesis of microbial protein from ammonia in sheep's rumen and the proportion of dietary converted into microbial nitrogen. Br. J. Nutr. 24:589-598.
55. Pisulewski, P. M., A. U. Okorie, P. J. Buttery, W. Haresign, and D. Lewis. 1981. Ammonia concentration and protein synthesis in the rumen. J. Sci. Food Agric. 32:759-766.
56. Salter, D. N., K. Daneshar, and R. H. Smith. 1979. The origin of nitrogen incorporated into compounds in the rumen bacteria of steers given protein- and urea-containing diets. Br. J. Nutr. 41:197-209.
57. Satter, L. D., and L. L. Slyter. 1974. Effect of ammonia concentration on rumen microbial protein production in vitro. Br. J. Nutr. 32:199-208.
58. Siddons, R. C., J. V. Nolan, D. E. Beever, and J. C. Macrae. 1985. Nitrogen digestion and metabolism in sheep consuming diets containing contrasting forms and levels of N. Br. J. Nutr. 54:175-187.
59. Sinclair, L. A., P. C. Garnsworthy, J. R. Newbold, and P. J. Buttery. 1993. Effect of synchronizing the rate of dietary energy and nitrogen release on rumen fermentation and microbial protein synthesis in sheep. J. Agric. Sci. (Camb.) 120:251-263.
60. Slyter, L. L., and P. A. Putnam. 1967. In vivo vs. in vitro continuous culture of ruminal microbial populations. J. Anim. Sci. 26:1421-1424.
61. Slyter, L. L., L. D. Satter, and D. A. Dinius. 1979. Effect of ruminal ammonia concentration on nitrogen utilization by steers. J. Anim. Sci. 48:906-912.
62. Stern, M. D., and W. H. Hoover. 1979. Methods for determining and factors affecting rumen microbial protein synthesis: A review. J. Anim. Sci. 49:1590-1603.
63. Stokes, S. R., W. H. Hoover, T. K. Miller, and R. P. Manski. 1991. Impact of carbohydrate and protein levels on bacterial metabolism in continuous culture. J. Dairy Sci. 74:860-870.
64. Sutton, J. D., S. B. Cammell, R. H. Phipps, D. E. Beever, and D. J. Humphries. 2000. The effect of crop maturity on the nutritional value of maize silage for lactating dairy cows 2. Ruminal and post-ruminal digestion. Anim. Sci. 71:391-400.
65. van Es, A. J. H. 1978. Feed evaluation for ruminants. I. The systems in use from May 1977 onwards in the Netherlands. Livest. Prod. Sci. 5:331-345.
66. Veira, D. M., G. K. Macleod, J. H. Burton, and J. B. Stone. 1980. Nutrition of the weaned holstein calf. I. Effect of the dietary protein level on rumen metabolism. J. Anim. Sci. 50:937-944.
67. Verbiè, J., E. R. Ørskov, J. Žgajnar, X. B. Chen, and V. Žnidaršiè-Pongrac. 1999. The effect of method of forage preservation on the protein degradability and microbial protein synthesis in the rumen. Anim. Feed Sci. Technol. 82:195-212.
68. Voigt, J., U. Schönhusen, R. Krawielitzki, and B. Piatkowski. 1991. Comparison of 15N, amino acid profile, RNA, DAP and D-Alanin as markers for microbial nitrogen flowing to the duodenum of dairy cows. Pages 71-73 in Proc. 6th Int. Symp. Protein Metabolism and Nutrition, Herning, Denmark, EAAP Publication No. 59. B. O. Eggum, S. Boisen, C. Børsting, A. Danfœr, and T. Hvelplund, ed. National Institute of Animal Science, Foulum, Denmark.
69. Wallace, R. J. 1996. Ruminal microbial metabolism of peptides and amino acids. J. Nutr. 126:1326S-1334S.
70. Wright, T. C., S. Moscardini, P. H. Luimes, P. Susmel, and B. W. McBride. 1998. Effects of rumen-undegradable protein and feed intake on nitrogen balance and milk protein production in dairy cows. J. Dairy Sci. 81:784-793.
71. Yang, W. Z., K. A. Beauchemin, and D. D. Vedres. 2002. Effects of pH and fibrolytic enzymes on digestibility, bacterial protein synthesis, and fermentation in continuous culture. Anim. Feed Sci. Technol. 102:137-150.
72. Younge, B. A., J. J. Murphy, and M. Rath. 2004. Nutrient metabolism in the rumen and milk production in cows fed on grass-silage and fresh grass based diets. Livest. Prod. Sci. 88:43-54.