The effect of carbohydrate source on nitrogen capture in dairy cows on pasture

Journal of Dairy Science

Volumn 89, Issue 7, 2006, Pages 2659-2667

  Gehman, A M ^a   Bertrand, J A ^b   Jenkins, T C ^b   Pinkerton, B W ^b  

^a UNIVERSITY OF NEBRASKA LINCOLN   (United States)

^b CLEMSON UNIVERSITY   (United States)

Author keywords

Barley; Citrus pulp; Nitrogen capture; Pasture

Indexed keywords

BOS TAURUS; CITRUS; HORDEUM VULGARE SUBSP. VULGARE; LOLIUM; LOLIUM MULTIFLORUM; ZEA MAYS;

EID: 33745886261     PISSN: 00220302     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.3168/jds.S0022-0302(06)72342-6     Document Type: Article

References (35)

1. AOAC. 1990. Official Methods of Analysis. 15th ed. Association of Official Analytical Chemists, Washington, DC.
2. Bargo, F., L. D. Muller, J. E. Delahoy, and T. W. Cassidy. 2002a. Milk response to concentrate supplementation of high producing dairy cows grazing at two pasture allowances. J. Dairy Sci. 85:1777-1792.
3. Bargo, F., L. D. Muller, J. E. Delahoy, and T. W. Cassidy. 2002b. Performance of high producing dairy cows with three different feeding systems combining pasture and total mixed rations. J. Dairy Sci. 85:2948-2963.
4. Bargo, F., L. D. Muller, E. S. Kolver, and J. E. Delahoy. 2003. Invited Review: Production and digestion of supplemented dairy cows on pasture. J. Dairy Sci. 86:1-42.
5. Bargo, F., J. E. Delahoy, G. F. Schroeder, and L. D. Muller. 2006. Milk fatty acid composition of dairy cows grazing at two pasture allowances and supplemented with different levels and sources of concentrates. Anim. Feed Sci. Technol. 125:17-31.
6. Bauman, D. E., and J. M. Griinari. 2003. Nutritional regulation of milk fat synthesis. Annu. Rev. Nutr. 23:203-227.
7. Beever, D. E., M. S. Dhanoa, H. R. Losada, R. T. Evans, S. B. Campbell, and J. France. 1986. The effect of forage species and stage of harvest on the processes of digestion occurring in the rumen of cattle. Br. J. Nutr. 56:439-454.
8. Carruthers, V. R., and P. G. Neil. 1997. Milk production and ruminal metabolites from cows offered two pasture diets supplemented with non-structural carbohydrate. N.Z. J. Agric. Res. 40:513-521.
9. Delahoy, J. E., L. D. Muller, F. Bargo, T. W. Cassidy, and L. A. Holden. 2003. Supplemental carbohydrate sources for lactating dairy cows on pasture. J. Dairy Sci. 86:906-915.
10. DePeters, E. J., and J. D. Ferguson. 1992. Nonprotein nitrogen and protein distribution in the milk of cows. J. Dairy Sci. 75:3192-3209.
11. Garcia, S. C., F. J. Santini, and J. C. Elizadle. 2000. Sites of digestion and bacterial protein synthesis in dairy heifers fed fresh oats with or without corn or barley grain. J. Dairy Sci. 83:746-755.
12. Hall, M. B., A. N. Pell, and L. E. Chase. 1998. Characteristics of neutral detergent soluble fiber fermentation by mixed ruminal microbes. Anim. Feed Sci. Technol. 70:23-29.
13. Haynes, R. J. 1980. A comparison of two modified Kjeldahl digestion techniques for multi-element plant analysis with conventional wet and dry ashing methods. Commun. Soil Sci. Plant Anal. 11:459-467.
14. Heinrichs, A. J., and V. Ishler. 2000. Evaluating forage quality by visual appraisal, pH, and dry matter content. Extension Publication (DAS 00-7), The Pennsylvania State Univ., University Park.
15. Herrera-Saldana, R. E., J. T. Huber, and M. H. Poore. 1990. Dry matter, crude protein, and starch degradability of five cereal grains. J. Dairy Sci. 73:2386-2393.
16. Holden, L. A., L. D. Muller, and S. L. Fales. 1994a. Estimation of intake in high producing Holstein cows grazing grass pasture. J. Dairy Sci. 77:2332-2340.
17. Holden, L. A., L. D. Muller, G. A. Varga, and P. J. Hillard. 1994b. Ruminal digestion and duodenal nutrient flows in dairy cows consuming grass as pasture, hay, or silage. J. Dairy Sci. 77:3034-3042.
18. Holden, L. A., L. D. Muller, T. Lykos, and T. W. Cassidy. 1995. Effect of corn silage supplementation on intake and milk production in cows grazing grass pasture. J. Dairy Sci. 78:156-160.
19. Kelly, M. L., E. S. Kolver, D. E. Bauman, M. E. Van Amburgh, and L. D. Muller. 1998. Effect of intake of pasture on concentrations of conjugated linoleic acid in milk of lactating cows. J. Dairy Sci. 81:1630-1636.
20. Khalili, H., and A. Sairanen. 2000. Effect of concentrate type on rumen fermentation and milk production of cows on pasture. Anim. Feed Sci. Technol. 84:199-212.
21. Kolver, E. S., and L. D. Muller. 1998. Performance and nutrient intake of high producing Holstein cows consuming pasture or a total mixed ration. J. Dairy Sci. 81:1403-1411.
22. Kolver, E., L. D. Muller, G. A. Varga, and T. J. Cassidy. 1998. Synchronization of ruminal degradation of supplemental carbohydrate with pasture nitrogen in lactating dairy cows. J. Dairy Sci. 81:2017-2028.
23. Kramer, J., K. G. Fellner, D. M. Vivek, F. D. Sauer, M. M. Mossoba, and M. Yurawecz. 1997. Evaluating acid and base catalysts in the methylation of milk and rumen fatty acid with special emphasis on conjugated dienes and total trans fatty acids. Lipids 32:1219-1228.
24. Krishnamoorthy, U., T. V. Muscato, C. J. Sniffen, and P. J. VanSoest. 1982. Nitrogen fractions in selected feedstuffs. J. Dairy Sci. 65:217-225.
25. Meijs, J. A. C. 1986. Concentrate supplementation of grazing dairy cows. 2. Effect of concentrate composition on herbage intake and milk production. Grass Forage Sci. 41:229-235.
26. Miron, J., E. Yosef, D. Ben-Ghedalia, L. E. Chase, D. E. Bauman, and R. Solomon. 2002. Digestibility of dairy cows of monosaccharide constituents in total mixed rations containing citrus pulp. J. Dairy Sci. 85:89-94.
27. Muller, L. D., and S. L. Fales. 1998. Supplementation of cool-season grass pastures for dairy cattle. Pages 335-350 in Grass for Dairy Cows. J. H. Cherney, and D. J. R. Cherney, ed. CABI Publishing, New York, NY.
28. National Research Council. 2001. Nutrient Requirements of Dairy Cattle. 7th rev. ed. Natl. Academic Press, Washington, DC.
29. Oba, M., and M. S. Allen. 2003. Effects of diet fermentability on efficiency of microbial nitrogen production in lactating dairy cows. J. Dairy Sci. 86:195-207.
30. SAS Institute. 2003. SAS User's Guide. Statistics, Version 9 ed. SAS Inst., Inc., Cary, NC.
31. Sayers, H. J., C. S. Mayne, and C. G. Bartram. 2003. The effect of level and type of supplement offered to grazing dairy cows on herbage intake, animal performance and rumen fermentation characteristics. Anim. Sci. 76:439-454.
32. Tamminga, S., A. M. Van Vuuren, C. J. Van Der Koelen, R. S. Ketelaar, and P. L. Van Der Togt. 1990. Ruminal behavior of structural carbohydrates, non-structural carbohydrates and crude protein from concentrate ingredients in dairy cows. Neth. J. Agric. Sci. 38:513-526.
33. Valk, H., H. W. Klein Poelhuis, and H. J. Wentick. 1990. Effect of fibrous and starchy carbohydrates in concentrates as supplements in herbage-based diet for high yielding dairy cows. Neth. J. Agric. Sci. 38:475-486.
34. Van Vuuren, A. M., S. Tamminga, and R. S. Ketelaar. 1991. In sacco degradation of organic matter and crude protein of fresh grass (Lolium perenne) in the rumen of grazing dairy cows. J. Agric. Sci. 116:429-439.
35. White, S. L., J. A. Bertrand, M. R. Wade, S. P. Washburn, J. T. Green, Jr., and T. C. Jenkins. 2001. Comparison of fatty acid content of milk from Jersey and Holstein cows consuming pasture or a total mixed ration. J. Dairy Sci. 84:2295-2301.