Finding the missing link between ictal bradyarrhythmia, ictal asystole, and sudden unexpected death in epilepsy

Epilepsy and Behavior

Volumn 9, Issue 1, 2006, Pages 19-30

  Leung, H ^a,b   Kwan, P ^b   Elger, C E ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY OF BONN   (Germany)

^b CHINESE UNIVERSITY OF HONG KONG   (Hong Kong)

Author keywords

Asystole; Cingulate gyrus; Sudden unexpected death in epilepsy

Indexed keywords

ANTICONVULSIVE AGENT; CARBAMAZEPINE;

APNEA; ASYSTOLE; ATRIOVENTRICULAR BLOCK; BRADYCARDIA; BRAIN DEPTH STIMULATION; CARDIOVASCULAR RESPONSE; CINGULATE GYRUS; DISEASE ASSOCIATION; DISEASE PREDISPOSITION; DRUG FATALITY; DRUG WITHDRAWAL; ELECTROCARDIOGRAM; ELECTROENCEPHALOGRAM; EPILEPSY; FRONTAL LOBE EPILEPSY; FUNCTIONAL MAGNETIC RESONANCE IMAGING; HANDEDNESS; HEART RATE VARIABILITY; HEMISPHERIC DOMINANCE; HUMAN; NONHUMAN; PATHOGENESIS; REVIEW; RISK FACTOR; STIMULUS RESPONSE; SUDDEN DEATH; TACHYCARDIA; TEMPORAL LOBE EPILEPSY;

AUTONOMIC NERVOUS SYSTEM; BRADYCARDIA; BRAIN MAPPING; DEATH, SUDDEN, CARDIAC; ELECTRIC STIMULATION; ELECTROENCEPHALOGRAPHY; EPILEPSY; HEART ARREST; HUMANS; MAGNETIC RESONANCE IMAGING;

EID: 33745842899     PISSN: 15255050     EISSN: 15255069     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/j.yebeh.2006.05.009     Document Type: Review

References (73)

1. Blumhardt L.D., Smith P.E., and Owen L. Electrocardiographic accompaniments of temporal lobe epileptic seizures. Lancet 10 (1986) 1051-1056
2. Kaada B.R. Somatomotor, autonomic and electrocorticographic responses to electrical stimulation of rhinencephalic and other structures in primates, cat and dog: a study of responses from the limbic, subcallosal, orbitoinsular, piriform and temporal cortex, hippocampus fornix and amygdala. Acta Physiol Scand Suppl 24 (1951) 1-262
3. Penfield W., and Jasper H. Epilepsy and the functional anatomy of the human brain (1954), Little Brown, Boston
4. Ward A.A. The cingular gyrus: area 24. J Neurophysiol 11 (1948) 13-34
5. Burns S.M., and Wyss J.M. The involvement of the anterior cingulate cortex in blood pressure control. Brain Res 340 (1985) 71-77
6. Chefer S.I., Talan M.I., and Engel B.T. Central neural correlates of heart rate control during exercise: central command demystified. J Appl Physiol 83 (1997) 1448-1453
7. Healy B., and Peck J. Bradycardia induced from stimulation of the left versus right central nucleus of the amygdala. Epilepsy Res 28 (1997) 101-104
8. Pool J.L., and Ransohoff J. Autonomic effects on stimulating the rostral portion of the cingulate gyri in man. J Neurophysiol 12 (1949) 385-392
9. Van Buren J.M. Sensory, motor and autonomic effects of mesial temporal stimulation in man. J Neurosurg 18 (1961) 273-288
10. Oppenheimer M.B., Gelb A., Girvin J.P., et al. Cardiovascular effects of human insular cortex stimulation. Neurology 42 (1992) 1727-1732
11. Altenmuller D.M., Zehender M., and Schulze-Bonhage A. High grade atrioventricular block triggered by spontaneous and stimulation induced epileptic activity in the left temporal lobe. Epilepsia 45 (2004) 1640-1644
12. Ongur D., An X., and Price J.L. Prefrontal cortical projections to the hypothalamus in macaque monkeys. J Comp Neurol 401 (1998) 480-505
13. Vilensky J.A., and van Hoesen G.W. Corticopontine projections from the cingulate cortex in the rhesus monkey. Brain Res 205 (1981) 391-395
14. Allman J.M., Hakeem A., Erwin J.M., Nimchinsky E., and Hof P. The anterior cingulate cortex: the evolution of an interface between emotion and cognition. Ann N Y Acad Sci 935 (2001) 107-117
15. Critchley H.D., Mathias C.J., Josephs O., et al. Human cingulate cortex and autonomic control: converging neuroimaging and clinical evidence. Brain 126 (2003) 2139-2152
16. Matthews S.C., Paulus M.P., Simmons A.N., Nelesen R.A., and Dimsdale J.E. Functional subdivisions within anterior cingulate cortex and their relationship to autonomic nervous system function. NeuroImage 22 (2004) 1151-1156
17. Zamrini E.Y., Meador K.J., Loring D.W., et al. Unilateral cerebral inactivation produces differential left/right heart rate responses. Neurology 40 (1990) 1408-1411
18. Russell A.E. Cessation of the pulse during the onset of epileptic fits. Lancet 2 (1906) 152-154
19. Reeves A.L., Nollet K.E., Klass D.W., et al. The ictal bradycardia syndrome. Epilepsia 37 (1996) 983-987
20. Tinuper P., Bisulli F., Cerullo R., Carcangiu C., et al. Ictal bradycardia in partial epileptic seizures: autonomic investigation in three cases and literature review. Brain 124 (2001) 2361-2371
21. Rocamora R., Kurthen M., Lickfett L., von Oertzen J., and Elger C.E. Cardiac asystole in epilepsy: clinical and neurophysiologic features. Epilepsia 44 (2003) 179-185
22. Lathers C.M., Weiner F.L., and Schraeder P.L. Synchronization of cardiac autonomic neural discharge with epileptogenic activity: the lock-step phenomenon. Circ Res 31 (1983) 630A
23. Rugg-Gunn F.J., Simister R.J., Squirrell M., et al. Cardiac arrhythmias in focal epilepsy: a prospective long-term study. Lancet 364 (2004) 2212-2219
24. Broglin D, Bancaud J. Manifestations neurovegetatives au cours des crises partielles du lobe temporal. In: Crises epileptiques et epilepsies du lobe temporal. Gentilly: Documentation Medicale Labaz; 1991. p. 69-96.
25. Munari C., Tassi L., Di Leo M., et al. Video-stereo-electroencephalographic investigation of orbitofrontal cortex: ictal electroclinical patterns. In: Jasper H.H., Riggio S., and Goldman-Rakic P.S. (Eds). Epilepsy and the functional anatomy of the frontal lobe (1995), Raven Press, New York 273-295
26. Devinsky O., Pacia S., and Tatambhotla G. Bradycardia and asystole induced by partial seizures: a case report and literature review. Neurology 48 (1997) 1712-1714
27. Manitius-Robeck S., Schuler P., Feistel H., Platsch G., and Stefan H. Ictal syncopes: cardiac sympathetic innervation disorder as the etiology?. Nervenarzt 69 (1998) 712-716 [In German]
28. Kahane P., Di Leo M., Hoffmann D., and Munari C. Ictal bradycardia in a patient with a hypothalamic hamartoma: a stereo-EEG study. Epilepsia 40 (1999) 522-527
29. Rossetti A.O., Dworetzky B.A., Madsen J.R., et al. Ictal asystole with convulsive syncope mimicking secondary generalization: a depth electrode study. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry 76 (2005) 885-887
30. Mufson E.J., and Mesulam M.M. Insula of the old world monkey: part II. Afferent cortical input and comments on function. J Comp Neurol 212 (1982) 23-37
31. McGregor A., Wheless J., and Baumgartner J. Right sided vagus nerve stimulation as a treatment for refractory epilepsy in humans. Epilepsia 46 (2005) 91-96
32. Handforth A., DeGiorgio C.M., Schachter S.C., et al. Vagus nerve stimulation therapy for partial onset seizures: a randomized, active control trial. Neurology 51 (1998) 48-55
33. Asconape J.J., Moore D.D., Zipes D.P., et al. Bradycardia and asystole with the use of vagus nerve stimulation for the treatment of epilepsy: a rare complication of intraoperative device testing. Epilepsia 40 (1999) 1452-1454
34. Tigaran S. Cardiac abnormalities in patients with refractory epilepsy. Acta Neurol Scand Suppl 177 (2002) 9-32
35. 123I]metaiodobenzylguanidine-SPECT. Brain 124 (2001) 2372-2382
36. Hiroso S., Mitsudome A., Okada M., and Kaneko S. Genetics of idiopathic epilepsies. Epilepsia 46 Suppl. 1 (2005) 38-43
37. Isojarvi J.I., Ansakorpi H., Suominen K., et al. Interictal cardiovascular autonomic responses in patients with epilepsy. Epilepsia 39 (1998) 420-426
38. Persson H., Ericson M., and Tomson T. Carbamazepine affects autonomic cardiac control in patients with newly diagnosed epilepsy. Epilepsy Res 57 (2003) 69-75
39. Hennessy M.J., Tighe M.G., Binnie C.D., and Nashef L. Sudden withdrawal of carbamazepine increases cardiac sympathetic activity in sleep. Neurology 57 (2001) 1650-1654
40. Kenneback G., Bergfeldt L., Tomson T., Spina E., and Edhag O. Carbamazepine induced bradycardia: a problem in general or only in susceptible patients? A 24 h long term electrocardiogram study. Epilepsy Res 13 (1992) 141-145
41. Kenneback G., Ericson M., Tomson T., and Bergfeldt L. Changes in arrhythmia profile and heart rate variability during abrupt withdrawal of antiepileptic drugs: implications for sudden death. Seizure 6 (1997) 369-375
42. Lhatoo S.D., and Sander J.W. Sudden unexpected death in epilepsy. Hong Kong Med J 8 (2002) 354-358
43. Nashef L. Sudden unexpected death in epilepsy: terminology and definitions. Epilepsia 38 (1997) S6-S8
44. Tellez-Zenteno J.F., Hernandez Ronquillo L.H., and Wiebe S. Sudden unexpected death in epilepsy: evidence based analysis of incidence and risk factors. Epilepsy Res 65 (2005) 101-115
45. Stoellberger C., and Finsterer J. Cardiorespiratory findings in sudden unexplained/unexpected death in epilepsy (SUDEP). Epilepsy Res 59 (2004) 51-60
46. Nei M., Ho R.T., Abdou-Khalil B.W., Drislane F.W., et al. EEG and ECG in sudden unexplained death in epilepsy. Epilepsia 45 (2004) 338-345
47. Henry C.E., Scoville W.B., and Dunsmore R.H. Electrical stimulation and recordings from the orbital brain in man. Electroencephalogr Clin Neurophysiol 2 (1950) 357
48. Britton J.W., Ghearing G.R., et al. The ictal bradycardia syndrome: localization and lateralization. Epilepsia 47 (2006) 737-744
49. Timmings P.L. Sudden unexpected death in epilepsy: is carbamazepine implicated?. Seizure 7 (1998) 289-291
50. Kloster R., and Engelskjon T. Sudden unexpected death in epilepsy (SUDEP): a clinical perspective and a search for risk factors. J Neurol Neurourg Psychiatry 67 (1999) 439-444
51. Cohle S.D., Suarez-Mier M.P., et al. Sudden death resulting from lesions of the cardiac conduction system. Am J Forensic Med Pathol 23 (2002) 83-89
52. Davies M.J. The investigation of sudden cardiac death. Histopathology 34 (1999) 93-98
53. Nashef L., Walker F., et al. Apnoea and bradycardia during epileptic seizures: relation to sudden death in epilepsy. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry 60 (1996) 297-300
54. Nashef L., Gerner S., et al. Circumstances of death in sudden death in epilepsy: interviews of bereaved relatives. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry 64 (1998) 349-352
55. Leestma J.E., Annegers J.F., Brodie M.J., et al. Sudden unexplained death in epilepsy: observations from a large clinical development program. Epilepsia 38 (1997) 47-55
56. Birnbach C.D., Wilensky A.J., and Dodril C.B. Predictors of early mortality and sudden death in epilepsy: a multidisciplinary approach. J Epilepsy 4 (1991) 11-17
57. George J.R., and Davis G.G. Comparison of antiepileptic drug levels in different cases of sudden death. J Forensic Sci 43 (1998) 598-603
58. Opeskin K., and Berkovic S. Risk factors for sudden unexpected death in epilepsy: a controlled prospective study based on coroners' cases. Seizure 12 (2003) 456-464
59. Schnabel R., Beblo M., and May T.W. Is geomagnetic activity a risk factor for sudden unexplained death in epilepsies?. Neurology 54 (2000) 903-908
60. Shields L.B., Hunsaker D.M., et al. Sudden unexpected death in epilepsy: neuropathologic findings. Am J Forensic Med Pathol 23 (2002) 307-310
61. Opeskin k., Harvey A.S., et al. Sudden unexpected death in epilepsy in Victoria. J Clin Neurosci 7 (2000) 34-37
62. Jick S.S., Cole T.B., Mesher A., and Tennis P.J.H. Sudden unexplained death in young persons with primary epilepsy. Pharmacoepidemiol Drug Saf 1 (1992) 59-64
63. McKee J.R., and Bodfish J.W. Sudden unexpected death in epilepsy in adults with mental retardation. Am J Ment Retard 105 (2000) 235
64. Nilsson L., Farahmand B.Y., Persson P.G., et al. Risk factors for sudden unexpected death in epilepsy: a case-control study. Lancet 13 (1999) 888-893
65. Timmings P.L. Sudden unexpected death in epilepsy: a local audit. Seizure 2 (1993) 287-290
66. Walczak T.S., Leppik I.E., et al. Incidence and risk factors in sudden unexpected death in epilepsy: a prospective cohort study. Neurology 56 (2001) 519-525
67. Amlie J.P. QT dispersion and sudden cardiac death. Eur Heart J 18 (1997) 189-190
68. Woodruff B.K., Britton J.W., et al. Cardiac troponin levels following monitored epileptic seizures. Neurology 60 (2003) 1690-1692
69. De la Grandmaison G.L. Is there progress in the autopsy diagnosis of sudden unexpected death in adults?. Forensic Sci Int 156 (2006) 138-144
70. Langan Y., Nashef L., and Sander J.W.A.S. Sudden unexpected death in epilepsy: a series of witnessed deaths. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry 68 (2000) 211-213
71. Black M., and Graham D.I. Sudden unexplained death in adults caused by intracranial pathology. J Clin Pathol 55 (2002) 44-50
72. Earnest M.P., Thomas G.E., et al. The sudden unexplained death syndrome in epilepsy: demographic, clinical, and postmortem features. Epilepsia 33 (1992) 310-316
73. Bird J.M., Dembny K.A.T., Sandeman D., et al. Sudden unexplained death in epilepsy: an intracranially monitored case. Epilepsia 38 Suppl. 11 (1997) S52-S56