Role of benthic indicators in regulating human activities at sea

Environmental Science and Policy

Volumn 9, Issue 5, 2006, Pages 496-508

  Rees, Hubert L ^a   Boyd, Siân E ^a   Schratzberger, Michaela ^a   Murray, Lindsay A ^a  

^a CENTRE FOR ENVIRONMENT   (United Kingdom)

Author keywords

Benthos; Contaminants; Indicators; Regulation; Sediments

Indexed keywords

BENTHOS; ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT; ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT; ENVIRONMENTAL PLANNING; HUMAN; LAW; POLICY; PRIORITY JOURNAL; REVIEW; SEA; SLUDGE DISPOSAL; UNITED KINGDOM;

EID: 33745839653     PISSN: 14629011     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/j.envsci.2006.04.002     Document Type: Review

References (86)

1. Anon., 1997. CSTT Guidelines. Comprehensive Studies for the Purposes of Article 6 & 8.5 of Directive 91/271 EEC, the Urban Waste Water Treatment Directive, second ed. Published for the Comprehensive Studies Task Team of GCSDM by the Department of the Environment for Northern Ireland, the Environment Agency, the Scottish Environment Protection Agency and the Water Services Association, 60 pp.
2. Barnett V., and O'Hagan A. Setting Environmental Standards (1997), Chapman and Hall, London 111 pp
3. Bock M., Rossner G., Wissen M., Remm K., Langanke T., Lang S., Klug H., Blaschke T., and Vrscaj B. Spatial indicators for nature conservation from European to local scale. Ecol. Indicators 5 (2005) 322-338
4. Boelens, R., Gray, J., Parsons, A., 2004. Review and Evaluation of Marine Environmental Impact Indicators and their Application in Ireland. NDP Marine RTDI Desk Study Series DK/01/006, 238 pp., www.marine.ie/marinertdi.
5. Bolam S.G., Rees H.L., Somerfield P., Smith R., Clarke K.R., Warwick R.M., Atkins M., and Garnacho E. Ecological consequences of dredged material disposal in the marine environment: a holistic assessment of activities around the England and Wales coastline. Mar. Pollut. Bull. 52 (2006) 415-426
6. Borja A., and Muxika I. Guidelines for the use of AMBI (AZTI's Marine Biotic Index) in the assessment of the benthic ecological quality. Mar. Pollut. Bull. 50 (2005) 787-789
7. Borja A., Franco J., and Perez V. A marine biotic index to establish the ecological quality of soft-bottom benthos within European estuarine and coastal environments. Mar. Pollut. Bull. 40 (2000) 1100-1114
8. Boyd S.E. Guidelines for the Conduct of Benthic Studies at Aggregate Dredging Sites (2002), U.K. Department for Transport, Local Government and the Regions/Cefas, London/Lowestoft 117 pp
9. Boyd S.E., Limpenny D.S., Rees H.L., Meadows W., and Vivian C.M.G. Review of current state of knowledge of the impacts of marine sand and gravel extraction. Dredging without boundaries. Proceedings of CEDA Conference. 22-24 October, Casablanca, Morocco (2002)
10. Boyd S.E., Limpenny D.S., Rees H.L., Cooper K.M., and Campbell S. Preliminary observations of the effects of dredging intensity on the recolonization of dredged sediments off the south-east coast of England (Area 222). Estuarine, Coastal and Shelf Sci. 57 (2003) 209-223
11. Boyd, S.E., Cooper, K.M., Limpenny, D.S., Kilbride, R., Rees, H.L., Dearnaley, M.P., Stevenson, J., Meadows, W.J., Morris, C.D., 2004. Assessment of the Re-habilitation of the Seabed following Marine Aggregate Dredging. Science Series, Technical Report No. 121. Cefas, Lowestoft, 154 pp.
12. Boyd S.E., Limpenny D.S., Rees H.L., and Cooper K.M. The effects of marine sand and gravel extraction on the macrobenthos at a commercial dredging site (results 6 years post-dredging). ICES J. Mar. Sci. 62 (2005) 145-162
13. Brown A.R., and Shillabeer N. Development of a biologically based environmental quality standard from a long-term benthic monitoring programme in the North Sea. Oceanol. Acta 20 (1997) 275-282
14. Clarke K.R., and Warwick R.M. Quantifying structural redundancy in ecological communities. Oecologia 113 (1998) 278-289
15. Commission of the European Communities, 2002. Towards a Strategy to Protect and Conserve the Marine Environment. COM (2002) 539 Final, Brussels, 64 pp. (see also www.europa.eu.int/comm/environment/water/consult_marine.htm).
16. Department of the Environment, 1977. Environmental Standards. A Description of United Kingdom Practice. The Report of an Inter-Departmental Working Party. Pollution Paper No. 11. HMSO, London.
17. Department for Environment, Food and Rural Affairs. Development of indicators on the quality of the marine environment. Proceedings of the Seabed Disturbance Indicators Workshop. 6-7 February (2002), Cefas, United Kingdom 72 pp
18. Department for Environment, Food and Rural Affairs. Securing the Future-The UK Government Sustainable Development Strategy (2005), Cm. 6467, The Stationery Office Ltd., London 186 pp
19. Department of the Environment, Transport and the Regions, 1998. Sustainability counts. Consultation paper on a set of 'headline' indicators of sustainable development. DETR, London, 32 pp.
20. Department of the Environment, Transport and the Regions. A Better Quality of Life: A Strategy for Sustainable Development in the United Kingdom (1999), Cm. 4345, The Stationery Office Ltd., London 96 pp
21. Department of the Environment, Transport and the Regions. Quality of Life Counts: Indicators for a Strategy for Sustainable Development for the United Kingdom: A Baseline Assessment (1999), DETR, London
22. Eleftheriou A., and Moore D.C. Macrofauna techniques. In: Eleftheriou A., and McIntyre A.D. (Eds). Methods for the Study of Marine Benthos. IBP Handbook No. 16. third ed. (2005), Blackwell Science Ltd., Oxford 160-228
23. European Communities. Council Directive 92/43/EEC of 21 May 1992 on the conservation of natural habitats and of wild fauna and flora. Official J. Eur. Communities L206 (1992) 7-49
24. European Communities. Directive 2000/60/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council of 23 October 2000 establishing a framework for community action in the field of water policy. Official J. Eur. Communities L327 (2000) 1-73
25. European Environment Agency, 2001. Environmental Signals 2001. Environmental Assessment Report No. 8. Office for Official Publications of the European Communities, Luxembourg, 112 pp.
26. European Environment Agency, 2005. EEA Core Set of Indicators-Guide. EEA Technical Report No. 1/2005. Office for Official Publications of the European Communities, Luxembourg, 38 pp.
27. Gray J.S. Biological and ecological effects of marine pollutants and their detection. Mar. Pollut. Bull. 25 (1992) 48-50
28. Green R.H. Sampling Design and Statistical Methods for Environmental Biologists (1979), John Wiley & Sons, New York 257 pp
29. Hanson A.J. Measuring progress towards sustainable development. Ocean and Coastal Manage. 46 (2003) 381-390
30. Hardman-Mountford N.J., Allen J.I., Frost M.T., Hawkins S.J., Kendall M.A., Mieszkowska N., Richardson K.A., and Somerfield P.J. Diagnostic monitoring of a changing environment: an alternative UK perspective. Mar. Pollut. Bull. 50 (2005) 1463-1471
31. Heinz Center. The State of the Nation's Ecosystems: Measuring the Lands, Waters, and Living Resources of the United States. The H. John Heinz III Center for Science, Economics and the Environment (2002), Cambridge University Press, New York 288 pp
32. Hiddink J.G., and Kaiser M.J. Implications of Liebig's law of the minimum for the use of ecological indicators based on abundance. Ecography 28 (2005) 264-271
33. Huston M.A. Biological Diversity (1996), Cambridge University Press, Cambridge 681 pp
34. ICES, 2001. Report of the ICES Advisory Committee on Ecosystems. ICES Co-operative Research Report No. 249, 15-59.
35. Jennings S. Indicators to support an ecosystem approach to fisheries. Fish and Fisheries 6 (2005) 212-232
36. Lanters, R.L.P., Skjoldal, H.R., Noji, T.T. (Eds.), 1999. Ecological Quality Objectives (EcoQOs) for the North Sea. Workshop Report. Scheveningen, the Netherlands, 1-3 September. RIKZ Report 99.015 Fisken og Havet 10-1999, 57 pp.
37. In: Lehane M. (Ed). Environment in Focus: A Discussion Document on Key National Environmental Indicators (1999), Environmental Protection Agency, Ireland 78 pp
38. Leonard D.R.P., Clarke K.R., Somerfield P.J., and Warwick R.M. The application of an indicator based on taxonomic distinctness for UK marine biodiversity assessments. J. Environ. Manage. 78 (2005) 52-62
39. Longhurst A.R. The sampling problem in benthic ecology. Proc. N. Z. Ecol. Soc. 6 (1959) 8-12
40. McIntyre, A.D., Pearce, J.B. (Eds.), 1980. Biological Effects of Marine Pollution and the Problems of Monitoring. Rapp. P.-v. Réun. Cons. int. Explor. Mer No. 179, 349 pp.
41. MAFF, 1993. Analysis and Interpretation of Benthic Community Data at Sewage-Sludge Disposal Sites. Aquatic Environment Monitoring Report No. 37. MAFF Directorate of Fisheries Research, Lowestoft, 80 pp.
42. MAFF, 1994. Sixth Report of the Group Co-ordinating Sea Disposal Monitoring. Aquatic Environment Monitoring Report No. 43. MAFF Directorate of Fisheries Research, Lowestoft, 45 pp.
43. MAFF, 1997. Final Reports of the Metals Task Team and the Organics Task Team. Science Series, Aquatic Environment Monitoring Report No. 49. Cefas, Lowestoft, 51 pp.
44. Ministry for the Environment, 2001. Environmental Performance Indicators: Confirmed Indicators for the Marine Environment. Ministry for the Environment Report No. 398, New Zealand, ISBN 0-478-24028-7, 65 pp.
45. Neimeijer D. Developing indicators for environmental policy: data-driven and theory-driven approaches examined by example. Environ. Sci. Policy 5 (2002) 91-103
46. Newell R.C., Seiderer L.J., and Hitchcock D.R. The impact of dredging works in coastal waters: a review of the sensitivity to disturbance and subsequent recovery of biological resources on the sea bed. Oceanogr. Mar. Biol.: Ann. Rev. 36 (1998) 127-178
47. Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development. OECD Core Set of Indicators for Environmental Performance Reviews. OECD Environmental Monographs No. 83 (1993) 1-39
48. Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development. Environmental Indicators: Towards Sustainable Development. OECD Environment and Sustainable Development, vol. 2001, no. 17 (2001) 1-152
49. Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development. Handbook of Biodiversity Valuation. A Guide for Policy Makers (2002), OECD, Paris 153 pp
50. OSPAR Convention. Annex V. The Protection and Conservation of the Ecosystems and Biological Diversity of the Maritime Area (1992). http://www.ospar.org/ (see www.OSPAR.org)
51. Otter R.J., 1979. Environmental quality objectives. EEC 'Dangerous Substances' Directive. Papers Presented to a Symposium organised by the Water and Environment Group of the Society of Chemical Industries, November 1978. Chemistry and Industry No. 9, 302-305.
52. Painting S.J., Devlin M.J., Rogers S.I., Mills D.K., Parker E.R., and Rees H.L. Assessing the suitability of OSPAR EcoQOs for eutrophication vs ICES criteria for England and Wales. Mar. Pollut. Bull. 50 (2005) 1569-1584
53. Pearson T.H., and Rosenberg R. Macrobenthic succession in relation to organic enrichment and pollution of the marine environment. Oceanogr. Mar. Biol.: Ann. Rev. 16 (1978) 229-311
54. Rees E.I.S., Nicholaidou A., and Laskaridou P. The effects of storms on the dynamics of shallow water benthic associations. In: Keegan B.F., O'Ceidigh P.O., and Boaden P.J. (Eds). Biology of Benthic Organisms (1977), Pergamon Press, Oxford 465-474
55. Rees, H.L., Pearson, T.H., 1992. An approach to the setting of Environmental Quality Standards at marine waste disposal sites. ICES CM 1992/E:33, 10 pp.
56. Rees, H.L., Moore, D.C., Pearson, T.H., Elliot, M., Service, M., Pomfret, J., Johnson, D., 1990. Procedures for the Monitoring of Marine Benthic Communities at UK Sewage-Sludge Disposal Sites. Scottish Fisheries Information Pamphlet No. 18, 78 pp.
57. Rees H.L., Pendle M.A., Limpenny D.S., Mason C.E., Boyd S.E., Birchenough S., and Vivian C.M.G. Benthic responses to organic enrichment and climatic events in the western North Sea. J. Mar. Biol. Assoc. U.K. 86 (2006) 1-18
58. Rees H.L., Rowlatt S.M., Lambert M.A., Lees R.G., and Limpenny D.S. Spatial and temporal trends in the benthos and sediments in relation to sewage sludge disposal off the northeast coast of England. ICES J. Mar. Sci. 49 (1992) 55-64
59. Reiss H., and Kröncke I. Seasonal variability of benthic indices: an approach to test the applicability of different indices for ecosystem quality assessment. Mar. Pollut. Bull. 50 (2005) 1490-1499
60. Rice, J.C. (Ed.), 2005. Ecosystem Effects of Fishing: Impacts, Metrics, and Management Strategies. ICES Co-operative Research Report No. 272, 177 pp.
61. Rogers S.I., and Greenaway B. A UK perspective on the development of marine ecosystem indicators. Mar. Pollut. Bull. 50 (2005) 9-19
62. Rosenberg R., Blomqvist M., Nilsson H.C., Cederwall H., and Dimming A. Marine quality assessment by use of benthic species-abundance distributions: a proposed new protocol within the European Union Water Framework Directive. Mar. Pollut. Bull. 49 (2004) 728-739
63. Royal Commission on Environmental Pollution, 1998. Twenty-First Report. Setting Environmental Standards. The Stationery Office Ltd., London, 232 pp.
64. Saila S.B., Pikanowski R.A., and Vaughan D.S. Optimum allocation strategies for sampling benthos in the New York Bight. Estuarine, Coastal Mar. Sci. 4 (1976) 119-128
65. Sanders H.L. Marine benthic diversity: a comparative study. Am. Nat. 102 (1968) 243-282
66. Segnestam, L., 2002. Indicators of environment and sustainable development: theories and practical experience. Environmental Economics Series, Paper No. 89, The World Bank, Washington, 66 pp.
67. Shiel D., Nasi R., and Johnson B. Ecological criteria and indicators for tropical forest landscapes: challenges in the search for progress. Ecol. Soc. 9 (2004) 7. http://www.ecologyandsociety.org/vol9/iss1/art7/
68. Skalski J.R., and McKenzie D.H. A design for aquatic monitoring programs. J. Environ. Manage. 14 (1983) 237-251
69. Smith R.W., Bergen M., Weisberg S.B., Cadien D., Dalkey A., Montagne D., Stull J.K., and Velarde R.G. Benthic response index for assessing infaunal communities on the southern California mainland shelf. Ecol. Appl. 11 (2001) 1073-1087
70. Sneddon, J., Rees, H.L., Boyd, S.E., Ware, S., 2006. A comparative evaluation of biological indicators of change in response to human activities at sea. In: Monitoring the Quality of the Marine Environment, 2003-2004. Science Series, Aquatic Environment Monitoring Report No. 58. Cefas, Lowestoft, 82-97.
71. Somerfield P.J., Atkins M., Bolam S.G., Clarke K.R., Garnacho E., Rees H.L., Smith R., and Warwick R.M. Relative impacts at sites of dredged-material relocation in the coastal environment: a phylum-level meta-analysis approach. Mar. Biol. 148 (2006) 1231-1240
72. Tett, P., 2004. Detecting undesirable disturbance in the context of eutrophication. Paper Prepared for a CoastNet Conference, London, October, 2004. http://www.lifesciences.napier.ac.uk/research/Envbiofiles/EUD.htm.
73. Underwood A.J., and Chapman M.G. Design and analysis in benthic surveys. In: Eleftheriou A., and McIntyre A.D. (Eds). Methods for the Study of Marine Benthos. IBP Handbook No. 16, third ed. (2005), Blackwell Science Ltd., Oxford 1-42
74. United Nations Conference on Environment and Development, 1992. Documents, http://www.un.org/esa/sustdev/documents/UNCED_Docs.htm.
75. United Nations Convention on Biological Diversity, 1992. Convention Text, http://www.biodiv.org/convention/articles.asp.
76. United Nations. Indicators of Sustainable Development. Framework and Methodologies (1996), United Nations, New York 428 pp
77. United Nations World Summit on Sustainable Development, 2002. Information Sources, http://www.un.org/esa/sustdev/index.html.
78. US Environmental Protection Agency, 2003. Draft Report on the Environment. US Environmental Protection Agency, Publication No. EPA 260-R-02_006, www.epa.gov/indicators/draftreport.htm.
79. Ward, T., Butler, E., Hill, B., 1998. Environmental Indicators for National State of the Environment Reporting-Estuaries and the Sea. State of the Environment (Environmental Indicator Reports), Department of the Environment, Canberra, Australia, 81 pp.
80. Ware, S., Rees, H.L., Boyd, S.E. Performance of selected indicators in evaluating the consequences of marine dredged material relocation and aggregate extraction. Ecol. Indicators, submitted for publication.
81. Warwick R.M. A new method for detecting pollution effects on marine macrobenthic communities. Mar. Biol. 92 (1986) 557-562
82. Warwick R.M., and Clarke K.R. Taxonomic distinctness and environmental assessment. J. Appl. Ecol. 35 (1998) 532-543
83. Warwick R.M., and Clarke K.R. Practical measures of marine biodiversity based on relatedness of species. Oceanogr. Mar. Biol.: Ann. Rev. 39 (2001) 207-231
84. Water Authorities Association. Mixing Zones: Guidelines for Definition and Monitoring (1986), Water Authorities Association, London 11 pp
85. Water Authorities Association. Mixing Zones: The Control of Industrial Discharges to Surface Waters (1988), Water Authorities Association, London 12 pp
86. World Commission on Environment and Development. Our Common Future (1987), Oxford University Press, Oxford