메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn 85, Issue 3-4, 2006, Pages 185-201

Longwave incoming radiation in the Tropics: Results from field work in three African cities

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

AIR TEMPERATURE; ATMOSPHERIC MODELING; ATMOSPHERIC POLLUTION; LONGWAVE RADIATION; RELATIVE HUMIDITY; TROPICAL REGION;

EID: 33745827323     PISSN: 0177798X     EISSN: 14344483     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1007/s00704-005-0178-4     Document Type: Article
Times cited : (21)

References (52)
  • 1
    • 0017466299 scopus 로고
    • A model of the effect of aerosols on urban climates with particular applications to the Los Angeles Basin
    • 10.1175/1520-0469(1977)034<0531:AMOTEO>2.0.CO;2
    • TP Ackerman 1977 A model of the effect of aerosols on urban climates with particular applications to the Los Angeles Basin J Atmos Sci 34 531-547 10.1175/1520-0469(1977)034<0531:AMOTEO>2.0.CO;2
    • (1977) J Atmos Sci , vol.34 , pp. 531-547
    • Ackerman, T.P.1
  • 2
    • 0018586368 scopus 로고
    • Observations of atmospheric downward radiation in the Tokyo area
    • M Aida M Yaji 1979 Observations of atmospheric downward radiation in the Tokyo area Bound-Layer Meteor 16 453-465
    • (1979) Bound-Layer Meteor , vol.16 , pp. 453-465
    • Aida, M.1    Yaji, M.2
  • 3
    • 0000348402 scopus 로고
    • Urban albedo as function of the urban structure - A model experiment
    • 10.1007/BF00116269
    • M Aida 1982 Urban albedo as function of the urban structure - a model experiment Bound-Layer Meteor 23 405-413 10.1007/BF00116269
    • (1982) Bound-Layer Meteor , vol.23 , pp. 405-413
    • Aida, M.1
  • 4
    • 0024258524 scopus 로고
    • Day-night differences in the effective emissivity from clear skies
    • 10.1007/BF00120817
    • L Alados-Arboledas JI Jimenez 1988 Day-night differences in the effective emissivity from clear skies Bound-Layer Meteor 45 93-101 10.1007/BF00120817
    • (1988) Bound-Layer Meteor , vol.45 , pp. 93-101
    • Alados-Arboledas, L.1    Jimenez, J.I.2
  • 5
    • 0027708799 scopus 로고
    • Estimation of hourly values of downward atmospheric radiation under cloudless skies during day- and night-time conditions
    • 10.1007/BF00864919
    • L Alados-Arboledas 1993 Estimation of hourly values of downward atmospheric radiation under cloudless skies during day- and night-time conditions Theor Appl Climatol 48 127-131 10.1007/BF00864919
    • (1993) Theor Appl Climatol , vol.48 , pp. 127-131
    • Alados-Arboledas, L.1
  • 6
    • 0018706346 scopus 로고
    • Evaluation of empirical expressions for the estimation of hourly totals of atmospheric longwave emission under all sky conditions
    • 10.1256/smsqj.44619
    • AJ Arnfield 1979 Evaluation of empirical expressions for the estimation of hourly totals of atmospheric longwave emission under all sky conditions Quart J Roy Meteor Soc 105 1041-1052 10.1256/smsqj.44619
    • (1979) Quart J Roy Meteor Soc , vol.105 , pp. 1041-1052
    • Arnfield, A.J.1
  • 7
    • 0020391191 scopus 로고
    • An approach to the estimation of the surface radiative properties and radiation budgets of cities
    • AJ Arnfield 1982 An approach to the estimation of the surface radiative properties and radiation budgets of cities Phys Geogr 3 97-122
    • (1982) Phys Geogr , vol.3 , pp. 97-122
    • Arnfield, A.J.1
  • 8
    • 0012509907 scopus 로고
    • Notes on radiation in the atmosphere
    • D Brunt 1932 Notes on radiation in the atmosphere Quart J Roy Meteor Soc 58 389-420
    • (1932) Quart J Roy Meteor Soc , vol.58 , pp. 389-420
    • Brunt, D.1
  • 9
    • 0016564172 scopus 로고
    • A derivable formula for longwave radiation from clear skies
    • W Brutsaert 1975 A derivable formula for longwave radiation from clear skies Water Resour Res 11 742-744
    • (1975) Water Resour Res , vol.11 , pp. 742-744
    • Brutsaert, W.1
  • 10
    • 0034742623 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Spatial variation of mass concentration of roadside suspended particulate pollution in metropolitan Hong Kong
    • 10.1016/S1352-2310(00)00505-7
    • LY Chan WS Kwok SC Lee CY Chan 2001 Spatial variation of mass concentration of roadside suspended particulate pollution in metropolitan Hong Kong Atmos Environ 35 3167-3176 10.1016/ S1352-2310(00)00505-7
    • (2001) Atmos Environ , vol.35 , pp. 3167-3176
    • Chan, L.Y.1    Kwok, W.S.2    Lee, S.C.3    Chan, C.Y.4
  • 11
    • 0032443901 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Uncertainties in assessing radiative forcing by mineral dust
    • T Claquin M Schulz Y Balkanski O Boucher 1998 Uncertainties in assessing radiative forcing by mineral dust Tellus 50B 491-505
    • (1998) Tellus , vol.50 B , pp. 491-505
    • Claquin, T.1    Schulz, M.2    Balkanski, Y.3    Boucher, O.4
  • 12
    • 0346327314 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Urban growth in developing countries: A review of current trends and a caution regarding existing forecasts
    • 10.1016/j.worlddev.2003.04.008
    • B Cohen 2004 Urban growth in developing countries: A review of current trends and a caution regarding existing forecasts World Devel 32 1 23-51 10.1016/j.worlddev.2003.04.008
    • (2004) World Devel , vol.32 , Issue.1 , pp. 23-51
    • Cohen, B.1
  • 13
    • 30844442832 scopus 로고
    • Longwave radiation at the ground: IV. Comparison of measurements and calculation of radiation from cloudless skies
    • 10.1256/smsqj.44210
    • GJ Dalrymple MH Unsworth 1978 Longwave radiation at the ground: IV. Comparison of measurements and calculation of radiation from cloudless skies Quart J Roy Meteor Soc 104 989-997 10.1256/smsqj.44210
    • (1978) Quart J Roy Meteor Soc , vol.104 , pp. 989-997
    • Dalrymple, G.J.1    Unsworth, M.H.2
  • 14
    • 33745818404 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Regional conference on the suppression of lead in gasoline in Sub-Saharan Africa
    • accessed October 27, 2004
    • Diallo M (2004) Regional conference on the suppression of lead in gasoline in Sub-Saharan Africa. http://www.cleanairnet.org/ssa/1414/ articles-36194_Diallo_pdf.pdf, accessed October 27, 2004
    • (2004)
    • Diallo, M.1
  • 15
    • 0020553556 scopus 로고
    • Observations of modeling of downward radiative fluxes (solar and infrared) in urban/rural areas
    • 10.1175/1520-0450(1983)022<0134:OAMODR>2.0.CO;2
    • C Estournel R Vehil D Guedalia J Fontan A Druilhet 1983 Observations of modeling of downward radiative fluxes (solar and infrared) in urban/ rural areas J Climate Appl Meteor 22 134-142 10.1175/ 1520-0450(1983)022<0134:OAMODR>2.0.CO;2
    • (1983) J Climate Appl Meteor , vol.22 , pp. 134-142
    • Estournel, C.1    Vehil, R.2    Guedalia, D.3    Fontan, J.4    Druilhet, A.5
  • 16
    • 0033237879 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Urban air quality
    • 10.1016/S1352-2310(99)00290-3
    • J Fenger 1999 Urban air quality Atmos Environ 33 4877-4900 10.1016/ S1352-2310(99)00290-3
    • (1999) Atmos Environ , vol.33 , pp. 4877-4900
    • Fenger, J.1
  • 17
    • 2942579003 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The accuracy of downward short- and long-wave radiation at the earth's surface calculated using simple models
    • 10.1017/S1350482703001154
    • JW Finch MJ Best 2004 The accuracy of downward short- and long-wave radiation at the earth's surface calculated using simple models Meteorol Appl 11 33-39 10.1017/S1350482703001154
    • (2004) Meteorol Appl , vol.11 , pp. 33-39
    • Finch, J.W.1    Best, M.J.2
  • 18
    • 0027089595 scopus 로고
    • Extreme maximum land surface temperatures
    • 10.1175/1520-0450(1992)031<1096:EMLST>2.0.CO;2
    • JA Garratt 1992 Extreme maximum land surface temperatures J Appl Meteor 31 1096-1105 10.1175/1520-0450(1992)031<1096:EMLST>2.0.CO;2
    • (1992) J Appl Meteor , vol.31 , pp. 1096-1105
    • Garratt, J.A.1
  • 19
    • 0035875430 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Rapid methods to estimate sky-view factors applied to urban areas
    • 10.1002/joc.659
    • CSB Grimmond SK Potter HN Zutter C Souch 2001 Rapid methods to estimate sky-view factors applied to urban areas Int J Climatol 21 903-913 10.1002/joc.659
    • (2001) Int J Climatol , vol.21 , pp. 903-913
    • Grimmond, C.S.B.1    Potter, S.K.2    Zutter, H.N.3    Souch, C.4
  • 20
    • 0742288499 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Radiative exchange in an urban street canyon
    • 10.1023/A:1026029822517
    • IN Harman MH Best SE Blecher 2004 Radiative exchange in an urban street canyon Bound-Layer Meteor 10 301-316 10.1023/A:1026029822517
    • (2004) Bound-Layer Meteor , vol.10 , pp. 301-316
    • Harman, I.N.1    Best, M.H.2    Blecher, S.E.3
  • 21
    • 0032735892 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Urban-rural vapour pressure differences and their role in the development of urban heat islands
    • 10.1002/(SICI)1097-0088(199907)19:9<989::AID-JOC410>3.0.CO;2-1
    • B Holmer I Eliasson 1999 Urban-rural vapour pressure differences and their role in the development of urban heat islands Int J Climatol 19 989-1009 10.1002/ (SICI)1097-0088(199907)19:9<989::AID-JOC410>3.0.CO;2-1
    • (1999) Int J Climatol , vol.19 , pp. 989-1009
    • Holmer, B.1    Eliasson, I.2
  • 22
    • 0035096334 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Sky view factors in forest canopies calculated with IDRISI
    • 10.1007/s007040170051
    • B Holmer U Postgård M Eriksson 2001 Sky view factors in forest canopies calculated with IDRISI Theor Appl Climatol 68 33-40 10.1007/ s007040170051
    • (2001) Theor Appl Climatol , vol.68 , pp. 33-40
    • Holmer, B.1    Postgåd, U.2    Eriksson, M.3
  • 23
    • 0014582785 scopus 로고
    • Thermal radiation from the atmosphere
    • SB Idso RB Jackson 1969 Thermal radiation from the atmosphere Geophys Res Lett 74 5397-5403
    • (1969) Geophys Res Lett , vol.74 , pp. 5397-5403
    • Idso, S.B.1    Jackson, R.B.2
  • 24
    • 84967796045 scopus 로고
    • Systematic deviations of clear sky atmospheric thermal radiation from predictions of empirical formulae
    • 10.1256/smsqj.41610
    • SB Idso 1972 Systematic deviations of clear sky atmospheric thermal radiation from predictions of empirical formulae Quart J Roy Meteor Soc 98 399-401 10.1256/smsqj.41610
    • (1972) Quart J Roy Meteor Soc , vol.98 , pp. 399-401
    • Idso, S.B.1
  • 25
    • 33745833094 scopus 로고
    • A set of equations for full spectrum 8- to 14-μm and 10.5- to 12.5-μm thermal radiation from cloudless skies
    • SB Idso 1981 A set of equations for full spectrum 8- to 14-μm and 10.5- to 12.5-μm thermal radiation from cloudless skies Water Resour Res 74 5397-5403
    • (1981) Water Resour Res , vol.74 , pp. 5397-5403
    • Idso, S.B.1
  • 26
    • 0142088930 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Downward atmospheric longwave irradiance under clear and cloudy skies: Measurement and parameterization
    • 10.1016/j.jastp.2003.07.007
    • MG Izioman H Mayer A Matzarakis 2003 Downward atmospheric longwave irradiance under clear and cloudy skies: Measurement and parameterization J Atmos Sol-Terr Phy 65 1107-1116 10.1016/ j.jastp.2003.07.007
    • (2003) J Atmos Sol-Terr Phy , vol.65 , pp. 1107-1116
    • Izioman, M.G.1    Mayer, H.2    Matzarakis, A.3
  • 28
    • 0035128350 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The impact of biomass burning on the environmental aerosol concentration in Gaborone, Botswana
    • 10.1016/S1352-2310(00)00561-6
    • ER Jayaratne TS Verma 2001 The impact of biomass burning on the environmental aerosol concentration in Gaborone, Botswana Atmos Environ 35 1821-1828 10.1016/S1352-2310(00)00561-6
    • (2001) Atmos Environ , vol.35 , pp. 1821-1828
    • Jayaratne, E.R.1    Verma, T.S.2
  • 29
    • 33745815358 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Urban design and space use - A study of Dar es Salaam city centre
    • Department of building functions analysis, School of Architecture, Lund University Sweden
    • JL Kimaryo 1996 Urban design and space use - a study of Dar es Salaam city centre Department of building functions analysis, School of Architecture, Lund University Sweden 240
    • (1996) , pp. 240
    • Kimaryo, J.L.1
  • 30
    • 84922290089 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Instruction manual for CG 1 pyrgeometer
    • Kipp & Zonen P.O. Box 507, Röntegenweg 1 Delft, Netherlands
    • Kipp & Zonen (2002) Instruction manual for CG 1 pyrgeometer. Kipp & Zonen P.O. Box 507, Röntegenweg 1 Delft, Netherlands
    • (2002)
    • Kipp1    Zonen2
  • 31
    • 0030617701 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Automobile air pollution in Dar es Salaam, Tanzania
    • 10.1016/S0048-9697(97)05461-2
    • SE Mbuligwe GR Kassenga 1997 Automobile air pollution in Dar es Salaam, Tanzania Sci Total Env 199 227-235 10.1016/S0048-9697(97)05461-2
    • (1997) Sci Total Env , vol.199 , pp. 227-235
    • Mbuligwe, S.E.1    Kassenga, G.R.2
  • 32
    • 0031460936 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Surface radiative fluxes in Sub-Sahel Africa
    • 10.1175/1520-0450(1997)036<0521:SRFISS>2.0.CO;2
    • F Miskolczi TO Aro M Iziomon RT Pinker 1997 Surface radiative fluxes in Sub-Sahel Africa J Appl Meteor 36 521-530 10.1175/ 1520-0450(1997)036<0521:SRFISS>2.0.CO;2
    • (1997) J Appl Meteor , vol.36 , pp. 521-530
    • Miskolczi, F.1    Aro, T.O.2    Iziomon, M.3    Pinker, R.T.4
  • 33
    • 0009906875 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Energy balance fluxes in a subtropical city: Miami FL
    • M.S. thesis, Dept. of Geography, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada [Available from T. Oke at tokeχeog.ubc.ca.]
    • Newton T (1999) Energy balance fluxes in a subtropical city: Miami FL. M.S. thesis, Dept. of Geography, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada, 140 pp. [Available from T. Oke at tokeχeog.ubc.ca.]
    • (1999) , pp. 140
    • Newton, T.1
  • 34
    • 0034486799 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Spatial variations of incoming longwave radiation in Göteborg, Sweden
    • 10.1007/s007040070007
    • M Nunez I Eliasson J Lindgren 2000 Spatial variations of incoming longwave radiation in Göteborg, Sweden Theor Appl Climatol 67 181-192 10.1007/s007040070007
    • (2000) Theor Appl Climatol , vol.67 , pp. 181-192
    • Nunez, M.1    Eliasson, I.2    Lindgren, J.3
  • 35
    • 0141625684 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Parameterization of net all-wave radiation for urban areas
    • 10.1175/1520-0450(2003)042<1157:PONARF>2.0.CO;2
    • B Offerle CSB Grimmond TR Oke 2003 Parameterization of net all-wave radiation for urban areas J Appl Meteor 42 1157-1173 10.1175/ 1520-0450(2003)042<1157:PONARF>2.0.CO;2
    • (2003) J Appl Meteor , vol.42 , pp. 1157-1173
    • Offerle, B.1    Grimmond, C.S.B.2    Oke, T.R.3
  • 36
    • 27944444886 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Urban modification of the surface energy balance in the West African Sahel: Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso
    • 10.1175/JCLI3520.1
    • B Offerle P Jonsson I Eliasson CSB Grimmond 2005 Urban modification of the surface energy balance in the West African Sahel: Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso J Climate 18 3983-3995 10.1175/JCLI3520.1
    • (2005) J Climate , vol.18 , pp. 3983-3995
    • Offerle, B.1    Jonsson, P.2    Eliasson, I.3    Grimmond, C.S.B.4
  • 37
    • 0001852944 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Urban environments
    • McGill-Queen's University Press Montreal, Canada
    • TR Oke 1997 Urban environments The Surface Climates of Canada McGill-Queen's University Press Montreal, Canada 369
    • (1997) The Surface Climates of Canada , pp. 369
    • Oke, T.R.1
  • 38
    • 0003685642 scopus 로고
    • Routledge, University Press Cambridge, UK
    • TR Oke 1987 Boundary layer climates Routledge, University Press Cambridge, UK 435
    • (1987) Boundary Layer Climates , pp. 435
    • Oke, T.R.1
  • 39
    • 0001254742 scopus 로고
    • Comparison of urban/rural counter and net radiation at night
    • 10.1007/BF02184771
    • TR Oke RF Fuggle 1972 Comparison of urban/rural counter and net radiation at night Bound-Layer Meteor 12 290-308 10.1007/BF02184771
    • (1972) Bound-Layer Meteor , vol.12 , pp. 290-308
    • Oke, T.R.1    Fuggle, R.F.2
  • 40
    • 33745860098 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Emissivity of Common Materials
    • Omega accessed October 7, 2004
    • Omega (2004) Emissivity of Common Materials, http://www.omega.com/ literature/transactions/volume1/emissivityb.html, accessed October 7, 2004
    • (2004)
  • 41
    • 84981626230 scopus 로고
    • Day-time long-wave radiation from the sky
    • GW Paltridge 1970 Day-time long-wave radiation from the sky Quart J Roy Meteor Soc 96 645-653
    • (1970) Quart J Roy Meteor Soc , vol.96 , pp. 645-653
    • Paltridge, G.W.1
  • 42
    • 0006174981 scopus 로고
    • Radiation, temperature and atmospheric emissivities in a polluted urban atmosphere at Hamilton, Ontario
    • 10.1175/1520-0450(1973)012<0798:RTAAEI>2.0.CO;2
    • WR Rouse D Noad J Cutcheon 1973 Radiation, temperature and atmospheric emissivities in a polluted urban atmosphere at Hamilton, Ontario J Appl Meteor 12 798-807 10.1175/1520-0450(1973)012<0798:RTAAEI>2.0.CO;2
    • (1973) J Appl Meteor , vol.12 , pp. 798-807
    • Rouse, W.R.1    Noad, D.2    Cutcheon, J.3
  • 43
    • 0028667849 scopus 로고
    • Radiation balance in a tropical city - Delhi (India)
    • 10.1007/BF00712529
    • B Padmanabhamurty D Bandopadhyay 1994 Radiation balance in a tropical city - Delhi (India) Bound-Layer Meteor 70 197-210 10.1007/BF00712529
    • (1994) Bound-Layer Meteor , vol.70 , pp. 197-210
    • Padmanabhamurty, B.1    Bandopadhyay, D.2
  • 44
    • 0034030878 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • ACE-2 multiple angle micro-pulse lidar observations from Las Galletas, Tenerife, Canary Islands
    • 10.1034/j.1600-0889.2000.00059.x
    • DM Powell JA Reagan MA Rubio WH Erxleben JD Spinhirne 2000 ACE-2 multiple angle micro-pulse lidar observations from Las Galletas, Tenerife, Canary Islands Tellus Ser B 52 652-661 10.1034/ j.1600-0889.2000.00059.x
    • (2000) Tellus Ser B , vol.52 , pp. 652-661
    • Powell, D.M.1    Reagan, J.A.2    Rubio, M.A.3    Erxleben, W.H.4    Spinhirne, J.D.5
  • 45
    • 0030425245 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A new long-wave formula for estimating downward clear-sky radiation at the surface
    • 10.1256/smsqj.53305
    • AJ Prata 1996 A new long-wave formula for estimating downward clear-sky radiation at the surface Quart J Roy Meteor Soc 122 1127-1151 10.1256/ smsqj.53305
    • (1996) Quart J Roy Meteor Soc , vol.122 , pp. 1127-1151
    • Prata, A.J.1
  • 46
    • 84871008468 scopus 로고
    • Longwave radiation from clear skies
    • WC Swinbank 1963 Longwave radiation from clear skies Quart J Roy Meteor Soc 89 339-348
    • (1963) Quart J Roy Meteor Soc , vol.89 , pp. 339-348
    • Swinbank, W.C.1
  • 47
    • 0021557011 scopus 로고
    • Prediction of the downward flux of atmospheric radiation in a polluted urban environment
    • NJ Tapper 1984 Prediction of the downward flux of atmospheric radiation in a polluted urban environment Aus Meteorol Mag 32 82-93
    • (1984) Aus Meteorol Mag , vol.32 , pp. 82-93
    • Tapper, N.J.1
  • 49
    • 2942605445 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • World urbanization prospects: The 2003 revision
    • United Nations United Nations, New York
    • United Nations (2004) World urbanization prospects: The 2003 revision. United Nations, New York
    • (2004)
  • 50
    • 0004303904 scopus 로고
    • World climatology - An environmental approach
    • Edward Arnold Publishers Ltd. Whitslake, UK
    • J Woodlock 1974 World climatology - an environmental approach Edward Arnold Publishers Ltd. Whitslake, UK 330
    • (1974) , pp. 330
    • Woodlock, J.1
  • 51
    • 0030448412 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Rural energy and development: Improving energy supplies for two billion people
    • World Bank The World Bank Washington, D.C., USA
    • World Bank 1996 Rural energy and development: Improving energy supplies for two billion people The World Bank Washington, D.C., USA 26
    • (1996) , pp. 26
  • 52
    • 33745823921 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Mean monthly temperature and precipitation of world cities
    • Worldclimate accessed March 15, 2005
    • Worldclimate (2005) Mean monthly temperature and precipitation of world cities, http://www.worldclimate.com, accessed March 15, 2005
    • (2005)


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.